This document provides an overview of subnetting and IP addressing concepts to help study for the CCNA certification. It includes an address grid that shows how to determine subnet masks based on the number of bits and an explanation of private IP address ranges for each class. Diagrams of the OSI and TCP/IP models are also presented along with an example of how to determine the range of IP addresses using subnetting.

1. PRESENTED BY
MUHAMMAD ADEEL
RAJPUT
SCIENTIST/INSTECTOR
CCNA HANDOUT>>>3c
Basic Introduction

2. While studying for CCNA many years
ago, I created this document to assist me
with subnetting. Hope you find this
information helpful.

3. Address Space – 32 bit IPV4
11111111
11111111
11111111
11111111

4. Address Grid
28-2=254
27-2=126
26-2=62
25-2=30
24-2=14
23-2=6
22-2=4
21-2=0
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
1 = 128/25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

5. 1
1=224/27
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1=240/28
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1=248/29
0
0
0

6. 1
1
1
1
1=252/30
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1=254/32
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1=255

7. Step 1 – Draw Grid
Step 2 – Count on fingers by 2 from 2 (2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256)
Step3 – 2n-2
Step4 – “Can I draw the line here?”
Step5 – Magic number sequence (bit * wire number)

8. Class
IP Range
Subnet
Private Address Range
Class A
1 – 126
255.0.0.0
10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255.255
Class B
128 – 191
255.255.0.0
172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
Class C
192 – 223
255.255.255.0
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
Class D
224 – 239
Multicast
Class E
240 – 255
Experimental

9. OSI Model
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Protocols
Application
Application
HTTP, SMTP, POP3
Presentation
Session
Transport
Transport (TCP/UDP
TCP, UDP
Network
Internet (IP)
IP
Data – Link
Network Access Layer (Ethernet/FDDI)
Ethernet, Frame-Relay, PPP
Physical

10. N
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
1xN
1 – 128
1 – 64
1 – 32
1 – 16
1 – 8
1 – 4
1 – 2
1 – 1
2xN
2 – 256
2 – 128
2 – 64
2 – 32
2 – 16
2 – 8
2 – 4
2 – 2

11. N
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
1xN
1 – 128
1 – 64
1 – 32
1 – 16
1 – 8
1 – 4
1 – 2
1 – 1
2xN
2 – 256
2 – 128
2 – 64
2 – 32
2 – 16
2 – 8
2 – 4
2 – 2

12. 3xN
3 – 192
3 – 96
3 – 48
3 – 24
3 – 12
3 – 6
3 – 3
4xN
4 – 256
4 – 128
4 – 64
4 – 32
4 – 16
4 – 8
4 – 4
5xN
5 – 160
5 – 80
5 – 40
5 – 20
5 – 10
5 – 5

13. 6xN
6 – 192
6 – 96
6 – 48
6 – 24
6 – 12
6 – 6
7xN
7 – 224
7 – 112
7 – 56
7 – 28
7 – 14
7 – 7
8 – 256
Up to 16
Up to 32
Up to 64
Up to 128
Up to 256?

14. Thanks and pleasure please Remember in
my prayers Allah or God Bless you
 >>>3c