CCHC 550 Practicing Cultural Competency In Health Care.docx
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The document discusses a reading on racism and COVID-19. The reading highlights the underlying racism in healthcare against not only Chinese and Asian cultures due to rising coronavirus cases, but also other races. It notes difficulties like increased hate crimes and skewed country relationships. However, it also suggests ways to overcome racism, such as improved efforts, education, policies, introspection, and more research. The discussion notes how China has been condemned for COVID-19 and wonders if political country relationships affect racial discrimination. It quotes the reading emphasizing the importance of government policies to promote equity and eradicate racism.
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HEAL Letter to Commissioner Malcolm 2020
HEAL Council letter to Commissioner Malcolm addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic and Racism as a Public Health crisis.
httpsdoi.org10.11771090198120922942Health Education &
https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198120922942
Health Education & Behavior
2020, Vol. 47(4) 504 –508
© 2020 Society for Public
Health Education
Article reuse guidelines:
sagepub.com/journals-permissions
DOI: 10.1177/1090198120922942
journals.sagepub.com/home/heb
Perspective
Racial capitalism is a fundamental cause of disease in the
world and will be a root cause of the racial and socioeco-
nomic inequities in COVID-19 that we will be left to sort out
when the dust settles. What is a fundamental cause? In Link
and Phelan’s widely cited (1995) theoretical article, they
argued that a social condition is a basic, fundamental cause
of disease disparities if it (a) influences multiple disease out-
comes, (b) affects disease outcomes through multiple risk
factors, (c) involves access to flexible resources that can be
used to minimize both risks and the consequences of disease,
and (d) is reproduced overtime through the continual replace-
ment of intervening mechanisms.
Sociological health research has since proven that both
socioeconomic and racial social inequities are social condi-
tions that fit the formula and contribute to socioeconomic and
racial health inequities (i.e., Gee & Ford, 2011; Lutfey &
Freese, 2005; Phelan & Link, 2015; Phelan et al., 2010;
Sewell, 2016; Williams & Collins, 2001). I extend this conver-
sation by arguing that the research is actually capturing how
racial capitalism works to have a fundamental impact on
health inequities, as Black radical thought traditions suggested
as much decades ago. As introduced by Robinson (1983),
racial capitalism is the idea that racialized exploitation and
capital accumulation are mutually constitutive. Racial capital-
ism created the modern world system, through slavery, colo-
nialism, and genocide because “the development, organization,
and expansion of capitalist society pursued essentially racial
directions, so too did social ideology” (Robinson, 1983, p. 2).
Racially minoritized and economically deprived groups face
capitalist and racist systems that continue to devalue and harm
their lives, even within newer, supposedly deracialized neolib-
eral agendas (Clarno, 2017; Johnson, 2017).
We have ample evidence of racial capitalism as a cause
of health inequities in the United States though, collec-
tively, scholarship has not always connected all the
pieces. For instance, Pulido (2016) argues that racial cap-
italism is at the very core of the Flint, Michigan lead
water crisis:
The people of Flint are so devalued that their lives are
subordinated to the goals of municipal fiscal solvency . . . this
devaluation is based on both their blackness and their surplus
status, with the two being mutually constituted. (p. 1)
Additional research has found that exposure to the Flint
water crisis has been linked to both physical (Sadler et al.,
922942HEBXXX10.1177/1090198120922942Health Education & BehaviorLaster Pirtle
research-article2020
1University of California ...
When responding to your peers, provide your own evaluation of the po
When responding to your peers, provide your own evaluation of the policies discussed in their posts. Respectfully agree or disagree with your peers’ evaluations. What suggestions for improving the policies can you add? What suggestions provided by your peers do you see as the most valuable?
Discussion:
President John F. Kennedy once stated “children are the world’s most valuable resource and its best hope for the future” (JFK Library, N.D.). Children are very important to our society and our world, and an important vulnerable population to discuss. A healthcare concern both nationally and globally for children is HIV.
In 2018, there were over 37,000 new cases of HIV diagnosed in the United States, and 21% of those cases were youth aged thirteen to twenty-four (CDC, 2020). In comparison to adults with HIV, youth have the lowest rates of viral suppression and less than half received care related to HIV (CDC, 2020). Transmission for children and youth occurs from different sources including unprotected sexual contact, perinatal exposure, injectable drug use and transmission through hemophilia and blood transfusion treatments (CDC, 2020). One hundred and forty nine deaths of young people were due to HIV in 2017 (CDC, 2020).
There are still many challenges related to prevention and education for children and youth related to HIV. Health-related behaviors such as underage drinking and substance use and low rates of condom use, lead to youth engaging in unprotected sex when under the influence of alcohol and drugs (CDC, 2020). There are socioeconomic factors as well for children and youth with HIV, as teenagers infected are more likely than older adults to live in households with lower income levels and less access to healthcare (CDC, 2020). Lower rates of pre-exposure prophylaxis and testing occur with children and youth due to cost, access and continued stigma and misperceptions regarding HIV (CDC, 2020).
The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program was developed in 1990 and is administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration and the HIV/AIDs Bureau (HRSA, 2019). The program assists in providing comprehensive HIV medical care, prescriptions for low-income people, and provides support services, as well as, provides funding for grants to states and local community based public health centers to provide increased health outcomes and assist in reducing the risk of transmission of HIV (HRSA, 2019). More than half of children diagnosed with HIV in the United States receive services through the Ryan White program annually (HRSA, 2019).
The passing of the Affordable Care Act in 2010 assisted parents of children with pre-existing conditions, including HIV, from being denied insurance coverage (CDC, 2020). Another benefit to the Affordable Care Act is that insurance companies cannot have lifetime caps on insurance benefits which allows child ...
1. Please define the term social class. How is it usually measured .docx
1. Please define the term social class. How is it usually measured? What are some ways that social class is affecting health outcomes for people who become ill with COVID-19?
2. What is the CARES Act? Has it been enough? What has happened to people's ability to pay their bills since it expired?
3. As things stand now, data is showing higher COVID-19 related mortality rates for African Americans. Given what you know from the textbook and from the attached articles, what are some explanations for the disparity?
4. What is environmental racism (injustice)? How does environmental racism put some populations at higher risk for severe medical complications than others? (Vice article)
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/600-week-buys-freedom-fear/613972/
https://www.vox.com/2020/4/10/21207520/coronavirus-deaths-economy-layoffs-inequality-covid-pandemic
https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/pke94n/cancer-alley-has-some-of-the-highest-coronavirus-death-rates-in-the-country
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/12/coronavirus-us-deep-south-poverty-race-perfect-storm
.
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Community based hiv interventions
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2) Effective interventions identify factors influencing HIV transmission, tailor prevention strategies to specific populations, and address barriers like discrimination and lack of culturally competent healthcare services.
3) For HIV-positive injecting drug users, improved access to substance abuse treatment, healthcare, housing support and antiretroviral therapy through community programs can achieve comparable health outcomes to non-drug users.
Gender and Development (GAD): An Approach to Counter Human Trafficking
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paper #1 danaThe covid-19 global pandemic and the connection.docx
paper #1 dana
The covid-19 global pandemic and the connection of the developing international slowdown call into inquisition involving the wide range of financial revelations and requiring innovative clarifications to different interlinked societal predicaments. Therefore, progression and the expanse of the virus created a system of economic trade that affected the social outcome that influences the market's supply and demand concept. Market manufacturing is the primary outcome with the most prevailing views for establishing the cultural behavior's insight into the potential to guarantee a level of impartiality in supplying stores (Hathaway, 2020). Moreover, the global threat of the covid-19 pandemic affects various cultures to impose structural adjustment in contrast to multiple circumstances that involve many social situations. Therefore, one specific area affected is that of a country that works hard to maintain its self-sufficiency. Because the virus reaches Africa's nation, that presents the destructive rule of neoclassical ideas that impact the finance notions (Howard, 2021).
However, since the pandemic hit generated a high demand for sufficient personal protective equipment (EPP), which also plays a more significant part in protecting the people due to lack of examinations and vaccines; that are not readily available compared to other countries. Therefore, a limited supply of medical items that are needed to fight off the virus is a much-needed aspect that influences the production interests and availability. The diagnoses of economics and related methods have expanded globally and have dominated both the Westland and Africa. So, mainstream distribution means are restricted in their ability to imagine the fundamental and institutional difficulties of improvement, which have become even more challenging with African countries at the more moderate end of the nationwide supply trade (Howard, 2021). The covid-19 pandemic created an additional motivation that involves the social discussion concerning the imperfections in the greater outlook in economic practices that affected control and reduce administration management and expense (Ranald, 2020). The global finance practices system maximizes economic expense with the general policy situation involving supply and demand series for the market economic exchanges with the pandemic motivation.
References
Hathaway, T. (2020). Corporate Planning in the Coronavirus Economy. https://www.developingeconomics.org
Howard, S. (2021). The pathology of economics. https://www.developingeconomics.org
Ranald, P. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemic Slows Global Trade and Exposes Flaws in Neoliberal Trade Policy. Journal of Australian Political Economy, 85, 108-114.
paper#2 J.
In modern crime theories, some believe that there are predisposed genetic markers that could indicate the potential to criminal behavior, or antisocialism. A look into the novel virus COVID 19 might shed some light on whether or not.
Recommended
HEAL Letter to Commissioner Malcolm 2020
HEAL Council letter to Commissioner Malcolm addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic and Racism as a Public Health crisis.
httpsdoi.org10.11771090198120922942Health Education &
https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198120922942
Health Education & Behavior
2020, Vol. 47(4) 504 –508
© 2020 Society for Public
Health Education
Article reuse guidelines:
sagepub.com/journals-permissions
DOI: 10.1177/1090198120922942
journals.sagepub.com/home/heb
Perspective
Racial capitalism is a fundamental cause of disease in the
world and will be a root cause of the racial and socioeco-
nomic inequities in COVID-19 that we will be left to sort out
when the dust settles. What is a fundamental cause? In Link
and Phelan’s widely cited (1995) theoretical article, they
argued that a social condition is a basic, fundamental cause
of disease disparities if it (a) influences multiple disease out-
comes, (b) affects disease outcomes through multiple risk
factors, (c) involves access to flexible resources that can be
used to minimize both risks and the consequences of disease,
and (d) is reproduced overtime through the continual replace-
ment of intervening mechanisms.
Sociological health research has since proven that both
socioeconomic and racial social inequities are social condi-
tions that fit the formula and contribute to socioeconomic and
racial health inequities (i.e., Gee & Ford, 2011; Lutfey &
Freese, 2005; Phelan & Link, 2015; Phelan et al., 2010;
Sewell, 2016; Williams & Collins, 2001). I extend this conver-
sation by arguing that the research is actually capturing how
racial capitalism works to have a fundamental impact on
health inequities, as Black radical thought traditions suggested
as much decades ago. As introduced by Robinson (1983),
racial capitalism is the idea that racialized exploitation and
capital accumulation are mutually constitutive. Racial capital-
ism created the modern world system, through slavery, colo-
nialism, and genocide because “the development, organization,
and expansion of capitalist society pursued essentially racial
directions, so too did social ideology” (Robinson, 1983, p. 2).
Racially minoritized and economically deprived groups face
capitalist and racist systems that continue to devalue and harm
their lives, even within newer, supposedly deracialized neolib-
eral agendas (Clarno, 2017; Johnson, 2017).
We have ample evidence of racial capitalism as a cause
of health inequities in the United States though, collec-
tively, scholarship has not always connected all the
pieces. For instance, Pulido (2016) argues that racial cap-
italism is at the very core of the Flint, Michigan lead
water crisis:
The people of Flint are so devalued that their lives are
subordinated to the goals of municipal fiscal solvency . . . this
devaluation is based on both their blackness and their surplus
status, with the two being mutually constituted. (p. 1)
Additional research has found that exposure to the Flint
water crisis has been linked to both physical (Sadler et al.,
922942HEBXXX10.1177/1090198120922942Health Education & BehaviorLaster Pirtle
research-article2020
1University of California ...
When responding to your peers, provide your own evaluation of the po
When responding to your peers, provide your own evaluation of the policies discussed in their posts. Respectfully agree or disagree with your peers’ evaluations. What suggestions for improving the policies can you add? What suggestions provided by your peers do you see as the most valuable?
Discussion:
President John F. Kennedy once stated “children are the world’s most valuable resource and its best hope for the future” (JFK Library, N.D.). Children are very important to our society and our world, and an important vulnerable population to discuss. A healthcare concern both nationally and globally for children is HIV.
In 2018, there were over 37,000 new cases of HIV diagnosed in the United States, and 21% of those cases were youth aged thirteen to twenty-four (CDC, 2020). In comparison to adults with HIV, youth have the lowest rates of viral suppression and less than half received care related to HIV (CDC, 2020). Transmission for children and youth occurs from different sources including unprotected sexual contact, perinatal exposure, injectable drug use and transmission through hemophilia and blood transfusion treatments (CDC, 2020). One hundred and forty nine deaths of young people were due to HIV in 2017 (CDC, 2020).
There are still many challenges related to prevention and education for children and youth related to HIV. Health-related behaviors such as underage drinking and substance use and low rates of condom use, lead to youth engaging in unprotected sex when under the influence of alcohol and drugs (CDC, 2020). There are socioeconomic factors as well for children and youth with HIV, as teenagers infected are more likely than older adults to live in households with lower income levels and less access to healthcare (CDC, 2020). Lower rates of pre-exposure prophylaxis and testing occur with children and youth due to cost, access and continued stigma and misperceptions regarding HIV (CDC, 2020).
The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program was developed in 1990 and is administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration and the HIV/AIDs Bureau (HRSA, 2019). The program assists in providing comprehensive HIV medical care, prescriptions for low-income people, and provides support services, as well as, provides funding for grants to states and local community based public health centers to provide increased health outcomes and assist in reducing the risk of transmission of HIV (HRSA, 2019). More than half of children diagnosed with HIV in the United States receive services through the Ryan White program annually (HRSA, 2019).
The passing of the Affordable Care Act in 2010 assisted parents of children with pre-existing conditions, including HIV, from being denied insurance coverage (CDC, 2020). Another benefit to the Affordable Care Act is that insurance companies cannot have lifetime caps on insurance benefits which allows child ...
1. Please define the term social class. How is it usually measured .docx
1. Please define the term social class. How is it usually measured? What are some ways that social class is affecting health outcomes for people who become ill with COVID-19?
2. What is the CARES Act? Has it been enough? What has happened to people's ability to pay their bills since it expired?
3. As things stand now, data is showing higher COVID-19 related mortality rates for African Americans. Given what you know from the textbook and from the attached articles, what are some explanations for the disparity?
4. What is environmental racism (injustice)? How does environmental racism put some populations at higher risk for severe medical complications than others? (Vice article)
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/600-week-buys-freedom-fear/613972/
https://www.vox.com/2020/4/10/21207520/coronavirus-deaths-economy-layoffs-inequality-covid-pandemic
https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/pke94n/cancer-alley-has-some-of-the-highest-coronavirus-death-rates-in-the-country
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/12/coronavirus-us-deep-south-poverty-race-perfect-storm
.
B390814
American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS) is a double blind peer reviewed, open access journal published by (ARJHSS).
Community based hiv interventions
1) Community-based interventions have been shown to successfully change risky behaviors and prevent HIV transmission when they incorporate cultural elements, community participation, and education programs delivered by community leaders.
2) Effective interventions identify factors influencing HIV transmission, tailor prevention strategies to specific populations, and address barriers like discrimination and lack of culturally competent healthcare services.
3) For HIV-positive injecting drug users, improved access to substance abuse treatment, healthcare, housing support and antiretroviral therapy through community programs can achieve comparable health outcomes to non-drug users.
Gender and Development (GAD): An Approach to Counter Human Trafficking
The document discusses gender and development (GAD) as an approach to counter human trafficking in the Philippines. It begins by defining GAD and outlining its key frameworks of analyzing gender roles and social relations. It then discusses the negative effects of human trafficking, particularly on women and children, including physical, mental and sexual abuse. The document explains how the GAD approach aims to prevent trafficking through economic empowerment, education, social security, legal strategies, safe migration programs, and transforming gender perceptions. It lists key Philippine gender laws and programs implemented, such as the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act, to combat trafficking using a GAD framework.
paper #1 danaThe covid-19 global pandemic and the connection.docx
paper #1 dana
The covid-19 global pandemic and the connection of the developing international slowdown call into inquisition involving the wide range of financial revelations and requiring innovative clarifications to different interlinked societal predicaments. Therefore, progression and the expanse of the virus created a system of economic trade that affected the social outcome that influences the market's supply and demand concept. Market manufacturing is the primary outcome with the most prevailing views for establishing the cultural behavior's insight into the potential to guarantee a level of impartiality in supplying stores (Hathaway, 2020). Moreover, the global threat of the covid-19 pandemic affects various cultures to impose structural adjustment in contrast to multiple circumstances that involve many social situations. Therefore, one specific area affected is that of a country that works hard to maintain its self-sufficiency. Because the virus reaches Africa's nation, that presents the destructive rule of neoclassical ideas that impact the finance notions (Howard, 2021).
However, since the pandemic hit generated a high demand for sufficient personal protective equipment (EPP), which also plays a more significant part in protecting the people due to lack of examinations and vaccines; that are not readily available compared to other countries. Therefore, a limited supply of medical items that are needed to fight off the virus is a much-needed aspect that influences the production interests and availability. The diagnoses of economics and related methods have expanded globally and have dominated both the Westland and Africa. So, mainstream distribution means are restricted in their ability to imagine the fundamental and institutional difficulties of improvement, which have become even more challenging with African countries at the more moderate end of the nationwide supply trade (Howard, 2021). The covid-19 pandemic created an additional motivation that involves the social discussion concerning the imperfections in the greater outlook in economic practices that affected control and reduce administration management and expense (Ranald, 2020). The global finance practices system maximizes economic expense with the general policy situation involving supply and demand series for the market economic exchanges with the pandemic motivation.
References
Hathaway, T. (2020). Corporate Planning in the Coronavirus Economy. https://www.developingeconomics.org
Howard, S. (2021). The pathology of economics. https://www.developingeconomics.org
Ranald, P. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemic Slows Global Trade and Exposes Flaws in Neoliberal Trade Policy. Journal of Australian Political Economy, 85, 108-114.
paper#2 J.
In modern crime theories, some believe that there are predisposed genetic markers that could indicate the potential to criminal behavior, or antisocialism. A look into the novel virus COVID 19 might shed some light on whether or not.
The Geography of Medical Identity Theft
Company names mentioned herein are the property of, and may be trademarks of, their respective owners and are for educational purposes only. - Medical identity theft has existed in various forms for decades, but it was in 2006 that World Privacy Forum published the first major report about the crime. The report called for medical data breach notification laws and more research about medical identity theft and its impacts. Since that time, medical data breach notification laws have been enacted, and other progress has been made, particularly in the quality of consumer complaint datasets gathered around identity theft, including medical forms of the crime. This report uses new data arising from consumer medical identity theft complaint reporting and medical data breach reporting to analyze and document the geography of medical identity theft and its growth patterns. The report also discusses new aspects of consumer harm resulting from the crime that the data has brought to light
55-J-10-2Having reviewed my initial forum post, with minimal c.docx
55-J-10-2
Having reviewed my initial forum post, with minimal changes, I uphold my views that health equality and health disparities represent one of the most significant challenges facing the health of the global population given its correlation with good health and well-being (goal 3). With that said, I feel it's important to back away from using the terms health equality and health disparities using instead the term health equity. Notably, this change results from research conducted during module seven in which I happened upon the following quote.
Equity is the absence of avoidable or remediable differences among groups of people, whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically, or geographically. Health inequities, therefore, involve more than inequality with respect to health determinants, access to the resources needed to improve and maintain health or health outcomes. They also entail a failure to avoid or overcome inequalities that infringe on fairness and human rights norms. (World Health Organization, 2018, para. 1)
Thus, health inequities and health disparities become interchangeable as forms of unjust health differences, which unfavorably affect groups of people.
As such, "equity is the process and equality is the outcome" ("Equity", 2016, para. 2). In other words, "the route to achieving equity will not be accomplished through treating everyone equally. It will be achieved by treating everyone equitably, or justly according to their circumstances" (Dressel, 2014, para, 2). Notably, sustainable development goals one (poverty) and two (hunger) are linked to good health and well-being (goal 3), which in turn correlates with equity (United Nations, 2015). Thus, it's my view that by addressing equity on a global scale, you begin to break down the exasperating challenges associated with poverty, hunger, and good health and well-being.
With that said, the knowledge obtained throughout this course will prove beneficial as I further carve my career pathway in the areas of both public health and community health education as it relates to HIV/AIDS. The latter has been an area of extreme interest since the beginning of the epidemic back in the early 80s, yet that interest intensified ten-fold when, after 25 years of safely navigating the gay culture, I was diagnosed with HIV at the age of 41. Now ten years later, I stand in amazement that the vulnerabilities that led to my diagnosis persist; thus, continue to place the sexual health of today's youth at an increased risk. Subsequently, having completed this course, I feel more prepared to address the increased incidences of HIV within Phoenix's LGBT community.
In closing, I feel confident in suggesting that each chapter of the course textbook has content that's applicable to my field of work at the community level. Notable chapters that helped develop skills include chapters two (Culture, Behavior, and Health), four (Reproductive Health), five (Infectiou.
Health Psychology of Urbanicity: Does it Increase Violent Behavior within Ado...
Health Psychology of Urbanicity: Does it Increase Violent Behavior within Ado...Joseph White MPA CPM
This document provides background information for a research study examining whether factors related to urban living increase the likelihood of violent criminal behavior in adolescents. The study aims to identify scientific risk factors and create an equation to assess the probability of violence. Some potential risk factors discussed include access to quality education, race, and gender. The researcher hopes to determine practical crime reduction methods and increase safety in urban communities. The literature review discusses topics like the relationship between education and crime rates, impacts of unemployment, and how racial injustices can fuel conflicts. The goal is to better understand adolescent development and behavior within urban environments.Running Head HIVAIDS1HIVAIDS2Project Proposal Aw.docx
Running Head: HIV/AIDS
1
HIV/AIDS
2
Project Proposal: Awareness on HIV/AIDS in South American States
Dayana Lewandowski
Florida International University
Introduction to the Problem
Introduction to the Problem
Problem to be addressed. The first cases of AIDS in the United States were reported in New Yolk City and Los Angeles in 1981, but since then the epicenter of the country's HIV epidemic has shifted to the District of Columbia and the 16 states that make up the South, from urban centers. Today, the South is the most affected region and carries the greatest burden of HIV illnesses, deaths, and infection than any other region in the U.S, Rosenberg et al. (2015) reports.
Problem subtopic. Southern states alone account for 44 percent of all individuals infected with HIV in the U.S; surprisingly the region has approximately one-third of the overall population in the U.S. Southern states experience internal disparities due to their geographical position. The majority of people living with HIV live in urban areas just like the rest of the nation, Abara et al. (2015).
Possible Causes and Maintaining Forces
Cause. Unique socioeconomic factors in the South are the primary cause of the heavy burden of HIV. Poverty, poorer health facilities, income inequality, have been more prevalent in the Southern states than the rest of the country. These conditions are not unique to HIV and, overall, the populations in the region have long experienced poorer health outcomes. Among the health challenges are higher rates of diabetes, cancer, obesity as well as infant mortality compared to other areas, Hall et al. (2015) highlight.
Cause. Cultural factors and social barriers also contribute to worsening HIV infection in the South of the United States. Issues such as transphobia, homophobia, racism as well as a lack of openness in discussing sexuality in public are more common in the South, and they result in higher levels of stigma, limiting people's willingness to look for HIV testing, prevention, and care services. The challenges also restrict access to sexual health information which is critical to enable individuals to protect themselves from infection, according to Reif et al. (2015). Many people in South America are fearful or ignorant of HIV. Transgender women and men who have sex with men face high levels of discrimination and stigma putting them at risk of homicide and crimes. Since 2008, about 1,200 transgender individuals have been killed in South America. Furthermore, 44-70 percent of transgender women have expressed the need to relocate or were thrown out of their homes (Skarbinski et al., 2015).
Why the problem persists. The South experiences higher HIV diagnosis rates in rural and suburban areas that other regions countrywide. In this case, there are various drawbacks to HIV prevention efforts in this area, Abara et al. (2015) comments.
Why the problem persists. Compared to other regions, many Southerners living with HIV are not awar ...
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A tremendous need exists to engage hard-to-reach populations in HIV/AIDS care. That’s because numerous factors prevent people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)—especially disadvantaged and disproportionately affected populations—from engaging in care or remaining in care.
This Webcast introduces providers to several successful strategies for reaching the most vulnerable populations:
Howell Strauss, DMD, AIDS Care Group, discusses traditional street outreach, as well as his involvement with both the SPNS Oral Health Initiative and the SPNS Jail Initiative.
Lisa Hightow-Weidman, MD, MPH, Department of Infectious Diseases University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, shares best practices in social marketing outreach in the context of her work as a SPNS Young Men who Have Sex with Men of Color Initiative grantee.
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The document provides guidance on including strong human rights programming in Global Fund concept notes and grant applications. It recommends that applicants:
1. Identify key populations most affected by HIV, TB, and malaria who face human rights-related barriers to health services.
2. Design disease programs using a human rights-based approach to address these barriers through specific activities.
3. Invest in services to remove human rights barriers, such as legal aid for criminalized groups, sensitization of healthcare workers, and community outreach.
Including such human rights programming will help improve health outcomes by overcoming discrimination and marginalization that worsen the diseases. The Global Fund encourages consulting rights experts and affected communities to fully understand barriers
Core human rights_infonote_en (1)
The document provides guidance on integrating human rights considerations into Global Fund grants. It recommends that applicants:
1) Identify key populations most affected by HIV, TB, and malaria and human rights barriers they face in accessing health services.
2) Design disease programs using a human rights-based approach to remove these barriers.
3) Invest in services like community strengthening to promote access for all populations in a non-discriminatory way. Applicants are encouraged to consult with affected communities and human rights experts to comprehensively assess barriers and design appropriate rights-respecting programs and interventions. Protecting human rights is crucial to effectively respond to the three diseases.
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This study assessed barriers to HIV/AIDS services for Latinos in 9 Southern states. Key findings included immigration status as a major barrier, as many Latinos avoided testing and treatment due to fears of deportation. Cultural norms around homophobia and stigma also prevented many from accessing care. The report recommends developing patient navigators and legal advisors to help Latinos overcome these barriers to HIV/AIDS services.
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The document analyzes alternatives for Haiti's government to provide HIV medication to its citizens. It discusses that Haiti currently has 120,000 people living with HIV but the government lacks resources to provide medication. The status quo alternative relies on NGOs like PSI to fund programs, but long-term stability is uncertain if NGOs withdraw support. A second alternative is passing an anti-discrimination law to reduce barriers patients face in accessing care. The document evaluates alternatives based on percentage of patients treated, cost-effectiveness, and feasibility of implementation in Haiti's unstable political environment.
Globalization and global threats and pandemic threts 21 century
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Globalization has increased risks from international threats like pandemics, environmental degradation, and ethnic violence. Strategies are needed to deal with these threats through improved surveillance, distribution of medicines, and understanding the causes of conflicts. Preventive actions before crises occur are important but difficult for governments. Underlying economic issues from globalization like unemployment and inequality can contribute to these threats if not addressed through education, health programs, and infrastructure investment. International cooperation through organizations like WHO and UN is vital to strengthen global efforts against diseases and support national health systems.Business ethics
The document discusses how corporate social responsibility involves businesses conducting their operations in an environmentally and socially responsible way, such as by avoiding pollution and resource depletion. It argues that CSR can benefit companies in the long run through improved public image and avoiding pressure from activists. Addressing serious social issues like poverty through CSR strategies could help reduce economic and social risks while allowing for more harmonious living on the planet.
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The negative consequences of Covid-19 pandemic from lockdowns of whole countries, travel bans,
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PUH 5301, Public Health Concepts 1 Course Learning.docx
PUH 5301, Public Health Concepts 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Assess current public health developments in the community.
2. Analyze key public health concepts and principles.
3. Discuss the different public health disciplines’ impact on population health.
4. Explain the role of government regarding public health practice and policy.
5. Evaluate the impact of social determinants of health on population health.
5.1 Identify ways to reduce medical costs in your community.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
1 Unit VIII Reflection Paper
2 Unit VIII Reflection Paper
3 Unit VIII Reflection Paper
4
Unit Lesson
Chapter 26: Is the Medical Care System a Public Health Issue?
Unit VIII Reflection Paper
5.1
Unit Lesson
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Unit VIII Reflection Paper
Reading Assignment
Chapter 26: Is the Medical Care System a Public Health Issue?
Chapter 27: Why the U.S. Medical System Needs Reform
Unit Lesson
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Medicine is a crucial part of public health in that individuals are taken care of as opposed to the community in
general. For example, public health officials could educate the community about immunizations and wellness
exams to avoid chronic diseases, but it is up to the individual to use that education and visit his or her
physician.
Medical care is expensive, and the costs have risen over time in the United States. More money is spent
every year on medical bills than public health preventive measures. There is always the debate of who is
superior in the health sector—medical care or public health measures (Schneider, 2017). The government, in
this situation, makes it a point of duty to set boundaries, discipline unethical behavior, and establish
standards. While public health is important, the government needs to safeguard individuals’ privacy as well as
religious and personal beliefs while healthcare providers are providing good care for their patients without
being biased or providing improper diagnoses.
UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
The Healthcare System
PUH 5301, Public Health Concepts 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Certain types of medical care are necessary for the community’s overall health, including the prevention and
treatment of infectious diseases. Public health officials try to contain certain infectious diseases by providing
immunization programs and free medical treatments or testing for those without insurance.
Another way public health officials try to be responsible for medical care is through emergency services. In
the late 1960s, the federal government encouraged communities to provide emergency care through the
assistance of public health officials, particularly in the wake of the Highway Safety Act of 1966 where it was
necessary to get immediate care (Schneider, ...
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55-J-10-2
Having reviewed my initial forum post, with minimal changes, I uphold my views that health equality and health disparities represent one of the most significant challenges facing the health of the global population given its correlation with good health and well-being (goal 3). With that said, I feel it's important to back away from using the terms health equality and health disparities using instead the term health equity. Notably, this change results from research conducted during module seven in which I happened upon the following quote.
Equity is the absence of avoidable or remediable differences among groups of people, whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically, or geographically. Health inequities, therefore, involve more than inequality with respect to health determinants, access to the resources needed to improve and maintain health or health outcomes. They also entail a failure to avoid or overcome inequalities that infringe on fairness and human rights norms. (World Health Organization, 2018, para. 1)
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As such, "equity is the process and equality is the outcome" ("Equity", 2016, para. 2). In other words, "the route to achieving equity will not be accomplished through treating everyone equally. It will be achieved by treating everyone equitably, or justly according to their circumstances" (Dressel, 2014, para, 2). Notably, sustainable development goals one (poverty) and two (hunger) are linked to good health and well-being (goal 3), which in turn correlates with equity (United Nations, 2015). Thus, it's my view that by addressing equity on a global scale, you begin to break down the exasperating challenges associated with poverty, hunger, and good health and well-being.
With that said, the knowledge obtained throughout this course will prove beneficial as I further carve my career pathway in the areas of both public health and community health education as it relates to HIV/AIDS. The latter has been an area of extreme interest since the beginning of the epidemic back in the early 80s, yet that interest intensified ten-fold when, after 25 years of safely navigating the gay culture, I was diagnosed with HIV at the age of 41. Now ten years later, I stand in amazement that the vulnerabilities that led to my diagnosis persist; thus, continue to place the sexual health of today's youth at an increased risk. Subsequently, having completed this course, I feel more prepared to address the increased incidences of HIV within Phoenix's LGBT community.
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Running Head: HIV/AIDS
1
HIV/AIDS
2
Project Proposal: Awareness on HIV/AIDS in South American States
Dayana Lewandowski
Florida International University
Introduction to the Problem
Introduction to the Problem
Problem to be addressed. The first cases of AIDS in the United States were reported in New Yolk City and Los Angeles in 1981, but since then the epicenter of the country's HIV epidemic has shifted to the District of Columbia and the 16 states that make up the South, from urban centers. Today, the South is the most affected region and carries the greatest burden of HIV illnesses, deaths, and infection than any other region in the U.S, Rosenberg et al. (2015) reports.
Problem subtopic. Southern states alone account for 44 percent of all individuals infected with HIV in the U.S; surprisingly the region has approximately one-third of the overall population in the U.S. Southern states experience internal disparities due to their geographical position. The majority of people living with HIV live in urban areas just like the rest of the nation, Abara et al. (2015).
Possible Causes and Maintaining Forces
Cause. Unique socioeconomic factors in the South are the primary cause of the heavy burden of HIV. Poverty, poorer health facilities, income inequality, have been more prevalent in the Southern states than the rest of the country. These conditions are not unique to HIV and, overall, the populations in the region have long experienced poorer health outcomes. Among the health challenges are higher rates of diabetes, cancer, obesity as well as infant mortality compared to other areas, Hall et al. (2015) highlight.
Cause. Cultural factors and social barriers also contribute to worsening HIV infection in the South of the United States. Issues such as transphobia, homophobia, racism as well as a lack of openness in discussing sexuality in public are more common in the South, and they result in higher levels of stigma, limiting people's willingness to look for HIV testing, prevention, and care services. The challenges also restrict access to sexual health information which is critical to enable individuals to protect themselves from infection, according to Reif et al. (2015). Many people in South America are fearful or ignorant of HIV. Transgender women and men who have sex with men face high levels of discrimination and stigma putting them at risk of homicide and crimes. Since 2008, about 1,200 transgender individuals have been killed in South America. Furthermore, 44-70 percent of transgender women have expressed the need to relocate or were thrown out of their homes (Skarbinski et al., 2015).
Why the problem persists. The South experiences higher HIV diagnosis rates in rural and suburban areas that other regions countrywide. In this case, there are various drawbacks to HIV prevention efforts in this area, Abara et al. (2015) comments.
Why the problem persists. Compared to other regions, many Southerners living with HIV are not awar ...
Engaging Hard-to-Reach Populations in HIV Care: Outreach
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This study assessed barriers to HIV/AIDS services for Latinos in 9 Southern states. Key findings included immigration status as a major barrier, as many Latinos avoided testing and treatment due to fears of deportation. Cultural norms around homophobia and stigma also prevented many from accessing care. The report recommends developing patient navigators and legal advisors to help Latinos overcome these barriers to HIV/AIDS services.
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horror and inconvenience, Medical Identity Theft (MIT) is now an additional risk on the horizon and there
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scheming and deceitful usage of healthcare information. The literature suggests that biometric technology
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on this technology and may help the healthcare community understand the viability of biometrics and how
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PUH 5301, Public Health Concepts 1 Course Learning.docx
PUH 5301, Public Health Concepts 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Assess current public health developments in the community.
2. Analyze key public health concepts and principles.
3. Discuss the different public health disciplines’ impact on population health.
4. Explain the role of government regarding public health practice and policy.
5. Evaluate the impact of social determinants of health on population health.
5.1 Identify ways to reduce medical costs in your community.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
1 Unit VIII Reflection Paper
2 Unit VIII Reflection Paper
3 Unit VIII Reflection Paper
4
Unit Lesson
Chapter 26: Is the Medical Care System a Public Health Issue?
Unit VIII Reflection Paper
5.1
Unit Lesson
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Unit VIII Reflection Paper
Reading Assignment
Chapter 26: Is the Medical Care System a Public Health Issue?
Chapter 27: Why the U.S. Medical System Needs Reform
Unit Lesson
Balancing Public Health and the Medical System
Medicine is a crucial part of public health in that individuals are taken care of as opposed to the community in
general. For example, public health officials could educate the community about immunizations and wellness
exams to avoid chronic diseases, but it is up to the individual to use that education and visit his or her
physician.
Medical care is expensive, and the costs have risen over time in the United States. More money is spent
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religious and personal beliefs while healthcare providers are providing good care for their patients without
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UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
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necessary to get immediate care (Schneider, ...
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