This document discusses the roles of emerging economies and private sectors in global health financing. It notes that China provides significant health aid to African countries, including medical teams, drugs, equipment, and funding for projects. Challenges for China include incorporating health development experiences into aid and coordinating with other partners. India also collaborates with African nations through medical education and partnerships. However, private sectors sometimes prioritize profits over quality and low costs. The document evaluates health strategies in South Africa and challenges in African countries like unstable conditions and ensuring financial aid benefits all citizens.

1. Mattunyoo Jordkoh 5580668
2.2 involving non-state organization in global health governance and accountability
This topic has considered the gap in the real situation between rich and poor and the
opportunity to access to the health care services. How can they decrease the poverty gap and
provide the quality for the global health governance. There are many challenges that non-
state organizations have to get through it. Therefore, we have to know that “What is the
global governance”, it is the capability within international system. Then, we have to find the
definition for what is the “Global health system” actually it is the organized social response
to health condition at the global level so it might include the global public goods and the way
of management as well.
National health system, it is the significant issue that we have to look into the
condition of people who are suffer in the workforce, migration and other who live in poor
condition during the time the landscape has changed. As the same time, there is shifting of
the single authority to the non-state actor and other private sector. Also, there is the
development of advance of worldwide communication and network. However, some
challenges and difficulties have emerged such as the plurality of the actors who demand to
coordination and representation on basis of engagement unequivocally—which are the
positive effect but they might reduce the role of the key actors of the non-state organization.
It raises the hesitation that how can we trust those newly emerge of private sectors. There are
many issue and solution (The 7C’s of Strategies) that actually easy to say but in reality it is
difficult to do.
Some recommendation was suggested to ensure that governing arrangement of
partnerships are representative and balance. Moreover, it needs to access the relative merits
of market-based as oppose to state-centric approaches to address global health challenges.
Importantly, we have to make sure the transparency in the way that we manage the domestic
resource, financial aid, and services to all everyone equally and sustainably.
In term of political and economic, non-state actors are usually a part of governance
and there are many elements that we have to include on it. Non-state actors also bring
together with the NGOs, private sectors and civil society in order to cooperate and response
to the epidemics prevention in many areas. It is a big role to set the policies and decision
making together. Allow the network of private sector to work together and help to provide
strategies for both national and international level—not only rely on the government. To
emphasize, we need to concern with the Youth Development who are in the group of
university and collages to raise the ideas and think about the way to deal with the global
health issue. Therefore, we have to provide them an opportunity, good atmosphere and also
raise their voice of discussion with professional advisor. Make their voice to be heard and
increase space for them to learn more about how to participate in the global health issue.
The development of technology, innovation, and social media is very helpful. Also,
there is a social transformation. For example, HIV, people can access to the information,
data, give feedback, and all material that they need easily. In tern of financial institution, they
concern about the price of medicine and the quality of it.

2. Mattunyoo Jordkoh 5580668
3.6 The role of emerging economies and private sector in global health financing
There are many coordination and assistance that come across the continents as we can
see that interlink of helping between China, India, and African countries. Also, there are
some political decisions that were applied such as the open door of China and the assistance
that China provides to other countries. To consider, China’s health aid to Africa have been
distributed more than 20 years including the technology transfer and technic for health
system. The main forms of help are the dispatch of Chinese medical team, donation of drug
and equipment, building health facilities which more increase dramatically. Moreover, China
also supports the human resource for health and the malaria control which include the lab
testing, treatment, and research. Contribute low cost of pharmaceutical, vaccine to those
African countries. Currently, China also worries about the Ebola disease in the West African
countries, so they provide the emergency health aid. More than 18,900 of doctors were sent to
South Africa and they have been working in 100 sites in 42 African countries. Total fund that
was given by China are almost $ 120 million.
However, there are some challenges that China needs to come across in order to
develop the methods of assistance and Chinese foreign policies. Firstly, it is the incorporating
that more relevant Chinese health development experience into the health aid. Then, the
interacting with other development partners for health need to be more concerned. It is also
difficult to encourage the participation of multistakeholders especially the non-state actors
and the way that they improve the governance structure for better internal coherence.
Global international development of, India has encourage the medical professional,
and the medical college students. Also, India has increased the collaboration with African
countries. They concern with both private and public sectors. Unfortunately, some of the
private sectors seek for their own profit, so it is hard to make high quality with the low cost.
India has slow starting to the international development, and their public financing is not so
good.
For the South Africa, it does not have much resources and their region was analyzed
into three main priority categories. Their targets are the way to deal with other sectors in
every six months, social political issue and coordinate with the projects from the donor. Also,
HIV, Malaria elimination is the main health strategies. There are many issues to concern --
Medical supply, drugs and equipment–some countries sent them easily but some it is difficult
because some of them are funded outside. In some situation, African countries are not stable
and have to face with the conflict, so their need to be balance and being neutral—not get
involved in the conflict. To evaluation, African countries need to report the result and the
ability to make sure that the money were used in the correct section and for all people without
class division. Therefore, it could be good if more assistance come into their local level. Even
now, there is not much effective dealing, but it might be better in the next generation.
Anyway, South African countries receive a lot of assistance from China who has ability to
provide the responsibility and increase the movement and NGOs. Some argue that why they
need to put money more on the consumption rather than investment? The reason is because
they need to make sure that the financial aid from the donors were not used to gain the profit
cost in some particular section. Don’t make the donation burden.