BS EDUCATION SEMSETER 2nd (From Sep 2023 to Jan 2024) Subject: Citizenship Teacher: Ms Sania Hayat (M.Phil.) Classes: Monday 11-12:30 ,Tuesday 8-9:30 These Are Final Term Presentation Slides

1. TOPIC NAME:
Social Problem of causes and Solutions
SUBMITTED TO:
Mam Sania Hayat
GROUP MEMBERS:
Ammara Khan (ROLL NO 01)
Ahtesham Ali (ROII NO 40)
Rimsha Arshad (ROLL NO 34)
Muhammad Arshad (ROLL NO 23)
Nadia Riaz (ROLL NO 30)
INSTITUE OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA

2. Problem of causes and Social solutions:
A social problem refers to any condition or behaviour which hers a negative
impact on a large number of people.
Definition
“A social problem is an issue within the society that make it difficult for people
to achieve their full potential”
Poverty in unemployment racism and malnutrition are example of social
problem.
Causes of Social Problem
 Lack of Education:
1.Poverty:
Financial constraints often prevent individuals and families from accessing
education, as they may struggle to afford school fees, uniforms, and necessary
supplies.
2. Geographical Barriers:
Remote locations and lack of transportation infrastructure can hinder access to
schools, especially in rural areas where educational facilities may be Scarce.
3 Discrimination:
In some cultures, girls may face discrimination and be discouraged from
pursuing education, limiting their opportunities for learning.
4. Cultural Practices:
Societal norms an. Gendered traditions can sometimes prioritize other
responsibilities over education, particularly in communities where children are
expected to contribute to family income or perform household duties.
5. Conflict and Instability:
Area affected by conflict or political often experienced education, with schools
being damaged or closed.
 Environmental factors:
1.Human Activities:
Industrialization, deforestation, and pollution from sources contribute to
environmental degradation.
2.Climate Change:
Human-induced factors, such 2 the burning of fossil Fuels contribute global

3. warming and climate change, affecting ecosystems worldwide.
3. Pollution:
Release of pollutants into air, water, and soil from industrial, agricultural, and
urban activities harms the environment and biodiversity.
4. Deforestation:
Clearing of forests for agriculture, logging, or urban development disrupts
ecosystems, reduces biodiversity, and contributes to climate Change
5. Overpopulation:
Increased human population puts pressure on natural resources, leading to
overconsumption, habitat destruction,and environmental stress.
 Political Corruption:
1.Lack of Transparency:
Insufficient transparency in government operations and decisions
making processes can create opportunities for corruption to thrive.
2.Weak Legal Frameworks:
Inadequate poorly enforced laws and regulations can fail to deter Practice all
individuals to act with impunity.
3. Poor Governance:
Weak institutions, effective checks and balances, and inadequate accountability
mechanism contribute to an environment where corruption can flourish.
4. Political Patronage:
Exchange of Favors and positions for political support can lead to nepotism and
favouritism, fostering corrupt practices within political circles.
5. Low Public Sector Salaries:
Inadequate remuneration for public official may incentivize corruption as
individuals seek additional incomes illicit means.
 Poverty
1.Individual Incapacity:
Success or Failure in life depends entirely on Personal Matter. He Himself is
responsible for laziness ,Inactivity , Lack of Initiative etc.
2.Inadequate Economic Development:
Our Economic Development since independence had been Disappointing in
certain Respects .
3.Over Population :
Population in India is growing at an alarming Rate .
4.Illiteracy and Ignorance:

4. Both are supportive of Poverty .And of course our Educational System and
there is no guarantee of Job for Educated Youths.
 Illiteracy
1.Illiteracy Among Parents:
Many illiterate parents don’t put much emphasis on the importance of
education. Several of those born to parents who can neither read nor write end
up being illiterate.
2. Lack of family support
This can be the cause of illiteracy more so where a child has difficulty
reading or writing because of dyslexia. In this, situation where the family
understand the child's condition, they may simply assumed that
or she is not a bright person. Supportive family members help a child
overcome reading disability and go through formal education with
minimal challenges.
3. Social Barriers
Many social barriers such as restrictions on girls' education in some societies
lead to illiteracy among the affected segment of the population. Forcing
children into marriage is another social issue that causes illiteracy in the
community. Family or social norms where female education is not allowed
also causes illiteracy.
4. Lack of affordable education facilities
Those who live in very remote areas with few or no education facilities may
remain illiterate. The nearest school might be found several miles away. Lack
of access to education facilities in rural areas has contributed a lot to the high
number of illiterate people in these places.
5.Poverty :-
Poor parents with low incomes find it difficult to pay school fees. They are
forced to choose between providing basic nceds such as food, shelter and
clothing and taking their children to school. In countries where basic education
is not free, the number of children who do not go to school tends to be higher
compared to places where education is free and mandatory.
 Education Inequality
1.Gender Disparity:

5. There's a significant gap between male and female literacy rates. Girls face
cultural and societal barriers that limit their access to education, including early
marriages, household responsibilities, and societal norms that prioritize boys'
education
2.Regional Disparities:
Rural areas, especially those in remote regions, lack adequate educational
infrastructure compared to urban areas. Schools in these areas often have fewer
resources, poorly trained teachers, and limited access to quality education.
3.Economic Disparities:
Families with lower incomes struggle to afford education-related expenses,
leading to lower enrolment rates and higher dropout rates among children from
poorer households.
4.Language Barriers:
Language differences can create inequality in education. Pakistan is
multilingual, and students who speak languages other than the one used in the
educational system might face difficulties in learning and understanding the
curriculum.
5.Access to Quality Education:
Higher-quality education is often available in private schools, which are more
accessible to wealthier families. Public schools, where many students attend,
often lack resources, qualified teachers, and quality education.
 Overpopulation
1.High Birth Rates:
Regions with elevated birth rates contribute significantly to overpopulation as
larger families become more common.
2.Improved Healthcare:
Advances in healthcare lead to lower mortality rates, resulting in a population
increase.
3.Increased Life Expectancy:
Longer life expectancy contributes to population growth as people live longer,
causing an aging population.

6. 4.Lack of Education:
Limited education, especially for women, may lead to a lack of awareness
about family planning methods.
5.Poverty:
In impoverished areas, large families are often seen as a means of economic
support, leading to higher birth rates.•
 Tradition
1:Cultural Persistence: Societies may resist change due to a deep-
rooted attachment to cultural traditions, resulting in the perpetuation of
outdated practices.
2:Limited Education: Restricted access to education can contribute
to the preservation of traditional beliefs, as individuals may not be
exposed to alternative viewpoints.
3:Social Expectations: Individuals may conform to tradition due to
societal pressures, fearing exclusion or criticism if they deviate from
established norms.
 Child Labor
1.Poverty:
Families in poverty may resort to child labor as a means of additional
income, often due to a lack of alternatives.
2.Lack of Education:
Limited access to quality education can force children into the workforce,
depriving them of the opportunity for personal development.
3.Ineffective Legislation:
Weak enforcement of child labor laws or a lack of stringent regulations allows
the practice to persist.
4.Cultural Norms:

7. Societal acceptance of child labor, influenced by cultural norms, can perpetuate
the cycle of exploitation.
5.Unemployment: In regions with high adult unemployment, children may
be forced to work to supplement family income.
 Lawlessness:
1.Social Inequality:
Disparities in wealth and opportunities can lead to frustration and resentment,
contributing to lawlessness.
2. Lack of Education:Insufficient access to quality education may result
in a lack of awareness about legal norms and consequences.
3.Ineffective Legal Systems: Weak or corrupt legal institutions can
undermine the rule of law, fostering an environment conducive to lawlessness.
4.Economic Disparities: High levels of unemployment and economic
instability can drive individuals towards criminal activities as a means of
survival.
 Unequal Opportunity:
1.Social Discrimination: Prejudices based on race, gender, ethnicity, or
other factors can result in systemic inequalities, limiting opportunities for
certain groups.
2.Economic Disparities: Limited access to resources, capital, and
financial support can create barriers to opportunities, perpetuating inequality.
3.Educational Disparities: Unequal access to quality education can
lead to differences in skill development and opportunities, affecting long-term
outcomes.
4.Cultural Barriers:Societal norms and cultural practices may contribute
to unequal opportunities by reinforcing traditional roles and expectations.

8.  Solutions of Social Problems
 Lack of Education
1.Access to Education:
Ensure widespread access to quality education by building schools, providing
scholarships, and addressing barriers like gender discrimination.
2.Teacher Training:
Invest in teacher training programs to enhance the quality of education and
ensure that educators are well-equipped to meet students' needs.
3.Community Involvement:
Engage communities in the educational process, fostering a supportive
environment that values and prioritizes learning.
Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach involving government
intervention, community engagement, and global cooperation. Collaboration
between stakeholders, including government bodies, NGOs, and the public, is
crucial for effective and sustainable solutions.
 Environmental Factors
1.Sustainable Practices:
Encourage and implement sustainable practices in industries and communities
to minimize environmental impact.
2.Environmental Education:
Promote awareness and education on environmental issues to foster a sense of
responsibility and encourage eco-friendly behaviors.
3.Policy Implementation:
Advocate for and implement policies that address environmental concerns, such
as regulations on pollution and incentives for renewable energy.
 Political Corruption:
1. Transparency and Accountability:
Implement measures to increase transparency in government activities and hold
officials accountable for their actions.
2. Anti-Corruption Laws:
Strengthen and enforce laws against corruption, with severe penalties for those
involved in corrupt practices.
3.Civil Society Engagement:

9. Encourage active participation of civil society in monitoring government
activities and promoting good governance.
 Poverty
1.Education:
Investing in education provides individuals with better opportunities for
employment and income. It also promotes awareness about health, hygiene, and
family planning.
2.Employment Opportunities:
Creating jobs through infrastructure development, small business support, and
entrepreneurship programs helps in reducing unemployment rates.
3.Social Safety Nets:
Establishing social welfare programs like unemployment benefits, food
assistance, and healthcare services helps support those in need.
4.Access to Healthcare:
Affordable and accessible healthcare services are crucial in breaking the cycle
of poverty by ensuring good health for all individuals.
5.Gender Equality:
Empowering women through education, employment, and equal rights
significantly contributes to poverty reduction.
 Illiteracy
1.Awareness
Creating awareness about the importance of education can help people
understand why they need to go to school. government agencies, and other
concerned parties should put in place deliberate measures to create awareness in
the society and reduce the number of people who are unable to read and write.
2. Grants
Offering grants, subsidies, and scholarships can reduce the financial burden that
parents and students bear in paying for education. It would make it possible for
students to learn without interrupting their education due to lack of school fees.
Parents would also channel the money that would have been used to pay for
school fees towards other income generating projects. The cost of financing
education can prove to be too high especially for those who live in poverty.

10. 3. Free books
The govemment and different foundations can offer free books in schools to
encourage students to develop a reading culture. Offering free books can also
reduce the financial burden placed on parents in the provision of textbooks.
4. Digitization
Since we live in the age of technology and information, creating digital
platforms for reading and learning can help reduce illiteracy in the society. It
can also help take care of the challenge of shortage of education facilities.
Digital libraries can provide a good platform for those who live far away from
urban centers to expand their knowledge base and become more informed.
5. Lower educational cost
Even though education has its rewards, it is very costly. Many graduates usually
leave school with huge debts in the form of student loans. It makes saving and
investing difficult. The cost of university education has been a key political and
social issue in many nations. By lowering the cost of education, the government
can make it easier for people to study up to the highest level possible.
 Education Inequality
1.Equitable Funding:
Ensure fair distribution of resources among schools. This might involve
restructuring funding formulas, increasing funding for underprivileged areas, or
implementing policies that prioritize resource allocation to schools in need.
2.Early Childhood Education:
Invest in early childhood education programs that help level the playing field
before children enter formal schooling. This could include pre-kindergarten
programs, parental education initiatives, and support for early learning centers.
3.Quality Teachers:
Improve teacher recruitment, training, and retention in underserved areas.
Incentivize teachers to work in disadvantaged communities and provide them
with resources and professional development opportunities.
4.Access to Technology:
Bridge the digital divide by providing access to technology and the internet for
all students. This could involve providing laptops or tablets, ensuring internet
connectivity, and offering digital literacy programs.
5.Curriculum and Support Programs:

11. Implement curriculum reforms that are inclusive and culturally responsive.
Establish mentorship programs, tutoring services, and after-school programs to
support students who need extra help.
 Overpopulation
1.Family Planning:
Promoting and providing access to family planning methods helps control birth
rates.
2.Education:
Improving education, especially for women, increases awareness of family
planning, leading to smaller family sizes.
3.Access to Contraceptives:
Ensuring availability and affordability of contraceptives encourages responsible
family planning.
4.Economic Development:
Addressing poverty through economic development reduces the incentive for
larger families as a form of economic support.
5.Healthcare and Sanitation:
Improving healthcare and sanitation reduces mortality rates, which can
contribute to lower birth rates over time.
6.Government Policies:
Implementing policies that support population control and sustainable
development can have a positive impact.
7.Gender Equality:
Promoting gender equality empowers women to make informed choices about
family planning and education.
 Address Child Labor
1.Education Initiatives:
Investing in and promoting accessible, quality education can provide children
with alternatives to labor and break the cycle of poverty

12. 2.Enforcement of Laws:
Strengthening and strictly enforcing laws against child labor can act as a
deterrent and protect children from exploitation.
3.Poverty Alleviation:
Implementing comprehensive poverty alleviation programs can address the root
cause of child labor by improving overall economic conditions.
4.Awareness Campaigns:
Raising awareness about the negative consequences of child labor within
communities can help change societal attitudes and promote a culture of
education.
5. Corporate Responsibility:
Encouraging businesses to adopt ethical labor practices and ensuring their
supply chains are free from child labor can have a positive impact.
6.Social Support Systems:
Establishing social support systems, such as childcare services, can assist
families in balancing work and childcare responsibilities without resorting to
child labor.
 Tradition
1.Promoting Education and Awareness:
Encouraging education that challenges stereotypes and fosters critical thinking
can help break the cycle of adherence to outdated traditions.
2.Cultural Sensitivity Initiatives:
Implementing programs that celebrate diversity and promote understanding of
different cultural practices can reduce biases and encourage acceptance of
alternative perspectives.
3.Facilitating Community Dialogue:
Creating opportunities for open conversations within communities can provide
spaces to discuss the relevance of traditions and find common ground for
progressive changes.

13. 4.Enacting Legislation and Policies: Implementing laws and
policies that protect individual rights and promote equality can serve as a
framework for dismantling harmful traditions.
5.Harnessing Media Influence:
Utilizing media platforms to portray diverse perspectives and challenge
traditional norms can influence public opinion and foster a more inclusive
society.
 Lawlessness:
1.Educational Reforms: Improving access to quality education
equips individuals with the knowledge to make informed choices and
understand the importance of abiding by the law.
2.Legal System Strengthening: Implementing reforms to
enhance the efficiency, transparency, and fairness of legal institutions
can help restore public trust and deter criminal behavior.
3.Economic Development: Addressing economic disparities
through job creation, poverty reduction, and social programs can
reduce the motivation for engaging in criminal activities.
4.Community Engagement: Promoting community involvement
and fostering a sense of responsibility can lead to the development of
a collective commitment to maintaining law and order.
 Unequal Opportunity:

14. 1.Anti-Discrimination Policies: Implement and enforce policies
that prohibit discrimination based on race, gender, or other factors to
create a more Inclusive and equitable society.
2.Economic Reforms: Promote economic policies that address
wealth disparities, provide equal access to financial resources, and
support entrepreneurship in underprivileged communities.
3.Educational Equality: Invest in educational reforms to ensure
equal access to quality education, including initiatives that bridge the
digital divide and provide opportunities for skill development.
4.Cultural Sensitization: Foster awareness and understanding of
diverse cultures to challenge stereotypes and promote inclusivity.