This document provides an overview of Cassandra, a NoSQL database. It discusses that Cassandra is an open source, distributed database designed to handle large amounts of structured data across nodes. The document outlines Cassandra's architecture, which involves distributing data across peer nodes so that there is no single point of failure. It also discusses Cassandra's data model, including keyspaces, column families, and the use of the Cassandra Query Language to define schemas, insert and query data. In closing, the document notes that Cassandra is well-suited for applications that require scaling to handle large, variable workloads across data centers with high performance and availability.
CASSANDRA A DISTRIBUTED NOSQL DATABASE FOR HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMIJCI JOURNAL
Apache Cassandra is a distributed storage system for managing very large amounts of structured data.
Cassandra provides highly available service with no single point of failure. Cassandra aims to run on top
of an infrastructure of hundreds of nodes possibly spread across different data centers with small and large
components fail continuously. Cassandra manages the persistent state in the face of the failures which
drives the reliability and scalability of the software systems. Cassandra does not support a full relational
data model because it resembles a database and shares many design and implementation strategies. In this
paper, discuss an implementation of Cassandra as Hotel Management System application. Cassandra
system was designed to run on cheap commodity hardware. Cassandra provides high write throughput and
read efficiency.
This is a preliminary study and the objective of this study is to make simple distributed database system with some basic tutorials. Cassandra is a distributed database from Apache that is highly scalable and designed to accomplish very large amounts of organized data. Without having a single point of failure, it offers high accessibility. This report highlights with a basic outline of Cassandra trailed by its architecture, installation, and significant classes and interfaces. Subsequently, it proceeds to cover how to perform operations such as CREATE, ALTER, UPDATE, and DELETE on KEYSPACES, TABLES, and INDEXES using CQLSH using C#/.NET Client with a sample program done by ASP.NET(C#).
CASSANDRA A DISTRIBUTED NOSQL DATABASE FOR HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMIJCI JOURNAL
Apache Cassandra is a distributed storage system for managing very large amounts of structured data.
Cassandra provides highly available service with no single point of failure. Cassandra aims to run on top
of an infrastructure of hundreds of nodes possibly spread across different data centers with small and large
components fail continuously. Cassandra manages the persistent state in the face of the failures which
drives the reliability and scalability of the software systems. Cassandra does not support a full relational
data model because it resembles a database and shares many design and implementation strategies. In this
paper, discuss an implementation of Cassandra as Hotel Management System application. Cassandra
system was designed to run on cheap commodity hardware. Cassandra provides high write throughput and
read efficiency.
This is a preliminary study and the objective of this study is to make simple distributed database system with some basic tutorials. Cassandra is a distributed database from Apache that is highly scalable and designed to accomplish very large amounts of organized data. Without having a single point of failure, it offers high accessibility. This report highlights with a basic outline of Cassandra trailed by its architecture, installation, and significant classes and interfaces. Subsequently, it proceeds to cover how to perform operations such as CREATE, ALTER, UPDATE, and DELETE on KEYSPACES, TABLES, and INDEXES using CQLSH using C#/.NET Client with a sample program done by ASP.NET(C#).
The project is focussed on Comparison Between HBASE and CASSANDRA using YCSB. It is a data storage and management project performed at National College Of Ireland
Next Generation Databases mostly addressing some of the points: being non-relational, distributed, open-source and horizontally scalable. The original intention has been modern web-scale databases. The movement began early 2009 and is growing rapidly. Often more characteristics apply such as: schema-free, easy replication support, simple API, eventually consistent / BASE (not ACID), a huge amount of data and more. So the misleading term "nosql" (the community now translates it mostly with "not only sql") should be seen as an alias to something like the definition above.
Breakthrough OLAP performance with Cassandra and SparkEvan Chan
Find out about breakthrough architectures for fast OLAP performance querying Cassandra data with Apache Spark, including a new open source project, FiloDB.
I have examined the performance of two databases - HBase and Cassandra in terms of their scalability, security, performance and compared the results thus obtained through different operations on the Ubuntu interface.
The Apache Cassandra database is the right choice when you need scalability and high availability without compromising performance. Linear scalability and proven fault-tolerance on commodity hardware or cloud infrastructure make it the perfect platform for mission-critical data.Cassandra's support for replicating across multiple datacenters is best-in-class, providing lower latency for your users and the peace of mind of knowing that you can survive regional outages.
http://tyfs.rocks
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING CASSANDRAijfcstjournal
Apache Cassandra is a distributed storage system for managing very large amounts of structured data. Cassandra provides highly available service with no single point of failure. Cassandra aims to run on top of an infrastructure of hundreds of nodes possibly spread across different data centers with small and large components fail continuously. Cassandra manages the persistent state in the face of the failures which drives the reliability and scalability of the software systems. Cassandra does not support a full relational data model because it resembles a database and shares many design and implementation strategies. In this paper, discuss an implementation of Cassandra as Hotel Management System application. Cassandra system was designed to run on cheap commodity hardware. Cassandra provides high write throughput and read efficiency.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING CASSANDRAijfcstjournal
Apache Cassandra is a distributed storage system for managing very large amounts of structured data.
Cassandra provides highly available service with no single point of failure. Cassandra aims to run on top
of an infrastructure of hundreds of nodes possibly spread across different data centers with small and large
components fail continuously. Cassandra manages the persistent state in the face of the failures which
drives the reliability and scalability of the software systems. Cassandra does not support a full relational
data model because it resembles a database and shares many design and implementation strategies. In this
paper, discuss an implementation of Cassandra as Hotel Management System application. Cassandra
system was designed to run on cheap commodity hardware. Cassandra provides high write throughput and
read efficiency.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
The project is focussed on Comparison Between HBASE and CASSANDRA using YCSB. It is a data storage and management project performed at National College Of Ireland
Next Generation Databases mostly addressing some of the points: being non-relational, distributed, open-source and horizontally scalable. The original intention has been modern web-scale databases. The movement began early 2009 and is growing rapidly. Often more characteristics apply such as: schema-free, easy replication support, simple API, eventually consistent / BASE (not ACID), a huge amount of data and more. So the misleading term "nosql" (the community now translates it mostly with "not only sql") should be seen as an alias to something like the definition above.
Breakthrough OLAP performance with Cassandra and SparkEvan Chan
Find out about breakthrough architectures for fast OLAP performance querying Cassandra data with Apache Spark, including a new open source project, FiloDB.
I have examined the performance of two databases - HBase and Cassandra in terms of their scalability, security, performance and compared the results thus obtained through different operations on the Ubuntu interface.
The Apache Cassandra database is the right choice when you need scalability and high availability without compromising performance. Linear scalability and proven fault-tolerance on commodity hardware or cloud infrastructure make it the perfect platform for mission-critical data.Cassandra's support for replicating across multiple datacenters is best-in-class, providing lower latency for your users and the peace of mind of knowing that you can survive regional outages.
http://tyfs.rocks
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING CASSANDRAijfcstjournal
Apache Cassandra is a distributed storage system for managing very large amounts of structured data. Cassandra provides highly available service with no single point of failure. Cassandra aims to run on top of an infrastructure of hundreds of nodes possibly spread across different data centers with small and large components fail continuously. Cassandra manages the persistent state in the face of the failures which drives the reliability and scalability of the software systems. Cassandra does not support a full relational data model because it resembles a database and shares many design and implementation strategies. In this paper, discuss an implementation of Cassandra as Hotel Management System application. Cassandra system was designed to run on cheap commodity hardware. Cassandra provides high write throughput and read efficiency.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING CASSANDRAijfcstjournal
Apache Cassandra is a distributed storage system for managing very large amounts of structured data.
Cassandra provides highly available service with no single point of failure. Cassandra aims to run on top
of an infrastructure of hundreds of nodes possibly spread across different data centers with small and large
components fail continuously. Cassandra manages the persistent state in the face of the failures which
drives the reliability and scalability of the software systems. Cassandra does not support a full relational
data model because it resembles a database and shares many design and implementation strategies. In this
paper, discuss an implementation of Cassandra as Hotel Management System application. Cassandra
system was designed to run on cheap commodity hardware. Cassandra provides high write throughput and
read efficiency.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
4. ● A NoSQL database (sometimes called as Not Only SQL)
is a database that provides a mechanism to store and
retrieve data other than the tabular relations used in
relational databases. These databases are schema-free,
support easy replication , eventually consistent, and
can handle huge amounts of data.
● The primary objective of a NoSQL database is to haves
NoSQL Database
1. implicitly of design,
2. horizontal scaling, and
3. finer control over availability.
5. ● NoSql databases use different data
structures compared to relational
databases. It makes some operations
faster in SQL. The suitability of a
given NoSQL database depends on the
problem it must solve.
NoSQL Database
6. Besides Cassandra, we have the
following NoSQL databases that are
quite popular −
1. Apache HBase
2. MongoDB
NoSQL Database
8. Apache Cassandra is an open source, distributed and Decentralized/distributed
storage system (database), for managing very large amounts of structured data
spread out across the world. It provides highly available service with no single
point of failure.
Apache Cassandra
11. Architecture
The design goal of Cassandra is
to handle big data workloads
across multiple nodes without
any single point of failure.
Cassandra has peer-to-peer
distributed system across its
nodes, and data is distributed
among all the nodes in a
cluster.
• All the nodes in a cluster play
the same role. Each node is
independent and at the same
time interconnected to other
nodes.
• Each node in a cluster can
accept read and write requests,
regardless of where the data is
actually located in the cluster.
• When a node goes down,
read/write requests can be
served from other nodes in the
network.
12. Data Replication
in Cassandra In Cassandra, one or more of the
nodes in a cluster act as replicas
for a given piece of data. If it is
detected that some of the nodes
responded with an out-of-date
value, Cassandra will return the
most recent value to the client.
After returning the most recent
value, Cassandra performs a read
repair in the background to update
the stale values
13. Components of Cassandra
The key components of Cassandra are as follows −
i. Node − It is the place where data is stored.
ii. Data center − It is a collection of related nodes.
iii. Cluster − A cluster is a component that contains one or more data
centers.
iv. Commit log − The commit log is a crash-recovery mechanism in
Cassandra. Every write operation is written to the commit log.
v. Mem-table − A mem-table is a memory-resident data structure.
After commit log, the data will be written to the mem-table.
Sometimes, for a single-column family, there will be multiple mem-
tables.
vi. SSTable − It is a disk file to which the data is flushed from the
mem-table when its contents reach a threshold value.
15. Cluster
Cassandra database is distributed
over several machines that
operate together. The outermost
container is known as the Cluster.
For failure handling, every node
contains a replica, and in case of
a failure, the replica takes charge.
Cassandra arranges the nodes in a
cluster, in a ring format, and
assigns data to them.
16. Key Space
Key space is the outermost container for data in Cassandra. The basic attributes
of a Key space in Cassandra are −
1. Replication factor − It is the number of machines in the cluster that will
receive copies of the same data.
2. Replica placement strategy − It is nothing but the strategy to place replicas
in the ring. We have strategies such as simple strategy (rack-aware
strategy), old network topology strategy (rack-aware strategy), and network
topology strategy (datacenter-shared strategy).
3. Column families − Key space is a container for a list of one or more column
families. A column family, in turn, is a container of a collection of rows. Each
row contains ordered columns. Column families represent the structure of
your data. Each key space has at least one and often many column families.
17. Column Family
A column family is a container for an ordered
collection of rows. Each row, in turn, is an
ordered collection of columns. The following
table lists the points that differentiate a
column family from a table of relational
databases.
Column
Super Column
19. CQL
Cassandra provides a prompt Cassandra query
language shell (cqlsh) that allows users to
communicate with it. Using this shell, you
can execute Cassandra Query Language (CQL).
Using cqlsh, you can
•define a schema,
•insert data, and
•execute a query.
•Cqlsh − As discussed above, this command is
used to start the cqlsh prompt. In addition,
it supports a few more options as well. The
following table explains all the options
of cqlsh and their usage.
Creating a Table
You can create a table using the
command CREATE TABLE. Given below is
the syntax for creating a table.
Syntax
CREATE (TABLE | COLUMNFAMILY) <tablename>
('<column-definition>' , '<column-definition>')
(WITH <option> AND <option>)
Altering a Table
You can alter a table using the
command ALTER TABLE. Given below is
the syntax for creating a table.
Syntax
ALTER (TABLE | COLUMNFAMILY) <tablename>
<instruction>
20. Given below is an example to create a table in Cassandra using cqlsh. Here we are
• Using the keyspace Student
• Creating a table named emp
It will have details such as employee name, id, city, salary, and phone number.
Employee id is the primary key.
Example
cqlsh> USE Student;
cqlsh:Student>; CREATE TABLE emp(
emp_id int PRIMARY KEY,
emp_name text,
emp_city text,
emp_sal varint,
emp_phone varint
);
21. Future Scope
06
With the modern world being trademarked
by a data boom, having a robust database
management system is a necessity for
businesses. Apache Cassandra, a NoSQL
database is an excellent choice for the
use cases across many different
applications like business and e-
commerce apps. It can be scaled linearly,
provides high-octane performance even
with variable workloads, and is easily
available. Add to that, the support that
Cassandra can provide for replicating
across multiple data centers. It is
probably the best-in-class, rendering
lower latency for users. The operators
love it because it can survive regional
outages.
22. Refrences
07
1. John Lemprière, Lemprière’s Classical
Dictionary, first published 1788, London
2. Avery, Catherine B. (1962). New Century
Classical Handbook. New York: Appleton-
Century-Crofts. p. 258.
3.Lycophron, Alexandra 30; Pausanias, 3.19, 3.
26.
4. Wilhelm Schulze, Kleine Schriften (1966),
698, J. B. Hoffmann, Glotta 28, 52
5. Edgar Howard Sturtevant, Class. Phil. 21,
248ff.
6. J. Davreux, La légende de la prophétesse
Cassandre (Paris, 1942) 90ff.
7. Albert Carnoy, Les ét. class. 22, 344
8.R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of
Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 654
9. "Online Etymology Dictionary". Online
Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the
original on 2019-05-01. Retrieved November
27, 2021.