Case Presentation 07
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This document presents the case of a 45-year-old woman with a history of Crohn's disease who presented with vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. On examination, she showed signs of dehydration. Tests revealed elevated inflammatory markers and electrolyte abnormalities. She was diagnosed with an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease and dehydration. She was admitted to the hospital for IV fluids and steroids to treat the exacerbation and complications of her chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
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3) Evaluation of patients with suspected CKD involves obtaining a history, physical exam, lab tests including serum creatinine and urine analysis, and imaging like renal ultrasound. A kidney biopsy may be done if disease-specific therapy is still possible.
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This document discusses acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). It summarizes the definitions of ACLF provided by various societies/organizations and compares their inclusion/exclusion criteria and timeframes. It describes the progression of cirrhosis and competing risks. Triggers of ACLF decompensation vary globally. The liver failure grading system and AARC model for predicting ACLF outcomes are summarized. Organ dysfunction rather than failure should prompt ACLF diagnosis. Acute variceal bleeding alone does not constitute an acute hepatic insult.
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This document discusses the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It defines the diseases, describes their classification systems and severity indices. It covers epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic testing and differential diagnoses. Treatment strategies are outlined for induction and maintenance of remission for mild to severe ulcerative colitis. Management of Crohn's disease is discussed including medications such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biologics and their monitoring. Surgical options are also summarized.
CHOLECYSTITIS.pptx
Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder that is usually caused by gallstones. Symptoms include pain in the right upper abdomen that may radiate to the back. Diagnosis is usually made through ultrasound or CT scan showing gallstones and gallbladder wall thickening. Treatment involves pain management, antibiotics if infected, and surgical removal of the gallbladder via laparoscopic cholecystectomy within days or electively after 6-8 weeks.
Peptic ulcer disease
This document presents a case study of a 37-year-old male patient admitted with peptic ulcer disease. The patient reported abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, and melena. Diagnostic tests showed low hemoglobin and the presence of an ulcer in the duodenum. The patient was diagnosed with chronic duodenal ulcer and treated with pantoprazole, ondansetron, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin. He showed improvement in symptoms and was discharged on pantoprazole and ondansetron with lifestyle counseling on managing peptic ulcer disease.
cholecystitis and other gall bladder disorders 1.pdf
The document presents a case of a 38-year-old female presenting with abdominal pain and is assessed for acute cholecystitis. It outlines the anatomy, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis. The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis is considered based on the patient's history, physical exam findings, and diagnostic imaging and lab tests showing signs of gallbladder inflammation.
Pancreatitis
This document discusses pancreatitis, including its anatomy, physiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, management, and complications. Pancreatitis is defined as inflammation of the pancreas and can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis is commonly caused by gallstones or alcohol and may range from mild to severe, with severe cases involving pancreatic necrosis and multi-organ failure. Diagnosis involves blood tests measuring amylase and lipase along with imaging like CT. Management depends on severity but generally involves hospitalization, IV fluids, pain control, and monitoring for complications.
Peptic ulcer disease
This document discusses peptic ulcer disease (PUD), including its causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. PUD is characterized by erosion of the GI mucosa from stomach acid and pepsin. It commonly affects the lower esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. The two main types are gastric and duodenal ulcers. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Diagnosis involves endoscopy and tests for H. pylori bacteria. Treatment focuses on reducing stomach acid with PPIs or H2 blockers, eradicating H. pylori, and protecting the mucosa. Complications can include bleeding, perforation, and obstruction if not properly treated.
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