A 36-year-old male was found to have high cholesterol and triglyceride levels during a routine examination despite being otherwise healthy and asymptomatic. His doctor prescribed an initial low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet which did not improve his lipid levels and may have worsened them. A subsequent no-fat diet also provided no improvement. However, reducing carbohydrate intake while increasing fat intake lowered his cholesterol and triglyceride levels within 48 hours, allowing drug treatment to be avoided. The case demonstrates the importance of a low-carbohydrate diet for controlling certain types of hyperlipoproteinemia.

1. CASE clinical
During a routine clinical examination, it was discovered that a 36-year-old male had
concentrations of cholesterol in plasma after 252 mg/dl fasting, and a concentration
of plasma triglycerides from 530 mg/dl, was otherwise healthy and asymptomatic.
His doctor recommended in the beginning an eucaloric diet with 15% protein, 15%
fat, 70% of carbohydrates and 300 mg of cholesterol. While the patient followed
rigorously diet there was no improvement in the plasma concentrations of lipids, in
fact worsened. Therefore the physician prescribes a diet without fat for two weeks.
However neither were improvements in plasma levels. Given that so far the
treatment had not succeeded was a radical change in diet. Instead of restricting fat
intake of carbohydrates intake was reduced. The new diet consisted of 20% from
protein, 55% fat, 25% of carbohydrates and 400 mg of cholesterol. 48 hours was
observed a clear reduction of plasma lipids, cholesterol continued in lathe along with
triglycerides. These values were considered acceptable so not recommended
treatment with drugs. The patient was given high with a low carbohydrate diet.
Translate the text and analyze the questions there are advertised
establishing the importance of each of the terms; the class is evaluated
before starting
QUESTIONS
1. What is the hyperlipoproteinemia?
2. How you could help an electrophoretic analysis of lipoprotein in the diagnosis
of this case?
3. What are the dangers of a diet without fat in the long run?
4. Describe the type of hyperlipoproteinemia of this case and explain why the
improvement occurred in the concentration of plasma lipids when the patient
underwent a diet low in carbohydrates. Explain the persistence of high
concentrations of triglycerides despite the diet without fat.