Cascao Model Hegemony Counter Hegemony Poster
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The document discusses development in the Nile River Basin and the complex hydro politics between countries that share the river. It notes that most of the Nile's water comes from Ethiopia but Egypt has claimed most rights to the river's water based on historical agreements. Efforts over the past few decades to develop the river basin through the Nile Basin Initiative have faced challenges in renegotiating water allocations and gaining agreement on a new cooperative framework from all countries. The future of cooperation over development and water rights in the basin remains uncertain.
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The document discusses the potential and limits of bargaining power between Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia over sharing the waters of the Nile River. It notes that while Ethiopia and Sudan's upstream locations and growing economies could challenge Egypt's historical dominance over the river, reaching an equitable agreement that satisfies all parties may be difficult given Egypt's reluctance to cede control, challenges implementing any deal, and geopolitical factors that have historically favored Egypt's interests.
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Hydropolitics TWM Global2010 (III)
1) Negotiations over water allocations between riparian states often result in deadlock due to asymmetrical power balances and the question of "what's in it for me?".
2) A benefit-sharing approach focuses on generating mutual benefits from water resources rather than directly allocating water volumes, providing more opportunities for cooperation.
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This document discusses hydropolitics and water conflicts between nations sharing transboundary rivers. It defines hydropolitics as dealing with issues of who gets access to water resources, when, where and how. It notes that while outright armed conflicts over water are rare, political and diplomatic conflicts are more common due to asymmetric power relations between riparian states. The Jordan River Basin is presented as an example where unequal water allocation and utilization has led to limited cooperation and several conflict events between the five riparian countries.
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This document discusses the priority given to agriculture in the Nile Basin Initiative over the past 10 years. It summarizes two programs within the NBI - the Efficient Water Use for Agriculture program and the Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program's irrigation and drainage work. It finds that while these programs have conducted studies and provided training, they have had limited results on the ground. Major challenges include bringing agriculture development back to the center of the NBI agenda, assessing water availability for irrigation projects, and negotiating water allocations between countries. The document argues that more priority should be given to agriculture within the NBI, as it is critical for development yet remains a politically sensitive issue requiring sustainable cooperation.
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This document outlines an upcoming presentation on hydropolitics and cooperation over water resources. The presentation will discuss what hydropolitics is, how water is a multifaceted political resource, and how asymmetric power relations between riparian states can impact water sharing. Participants will do exercises assessing power dimensions and relations between Nile River basin countries and considering how donors could influence cooperation.
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The document discusses hydropolitics in the Nile River Basin. It summarizes the geography and hydrology of the Nile, including the different countries it flows through and their contributions to water flows. It also discusses the historical tensions between upstream and downstream countries over control, allocation and development of the river's waters. More recently, cooperation efforts have emerged such as the Nile Basin Initiative, but disagreements over water rights and allocations remain an ongoing challenge.
Land 'Grabbing' in the Nile Basin and implications for the regional water sec...
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Against the flow: new power dynamics in the Nile Basin
The document discusses the changing political dynamics around water sharing in the Nile River Basin region following various events in 2011. It notes the region contains over 10 countries, many of which have historically had tensions over water rights. In recent years, there has been a shift away from Egypt's historical dominance over water usage, as well as moves towards greater regional cooperation. The independence of South Sudan in 2011 and political changes in Egypt removed historical power structures, while the signing of new agreements and Ethiopia's construction of a major dam project altered power dynamics in the basin. Overall, the region is experiencing significant changes to the longstanding political situation around Nile water rights and usage.
Nile_Climate_Variability_Food_Security_Cascao_Nile_Basin_Development_Forum_3
The document discusses current and future challenges related to climate variability, food security, and agriculture in the Nile Basin region. It notes that agriculture is the main source of livelihoods but that the region faces generalized food insecurity. Climate variability has led to uneven rainfall patterns and drought-prone areas. Future climate change may lead to more rainfall variability and less water availability, negatively impacting rainfed agriculture and livestock. However, there are also opportunities to improve food production and trade through regional cooperation on agriculture. The role of the future Nile Basin Commission in institutionalizing agriculture at the regional level is debated.
Cascao_South_Sudan_Nile_Hydropolitics
South Sudan became an independent state and the 11th riparian country of the Nile River Basin. As a new state, South Sudan faces political and economic issues regarding its role in the Nile waters and its relationship with upstream and downstream countries. The document discusses South Sudan's independence process and analyzes the implications this will have on the geopolitical dynamics and power relationships between Nile countries.
AEGIS Conference of African Studies 2011 - Uppsala [Land grabbing in Gambella...
The document discusses land investments and 'land grabbing' in Gambella, Ethiopia. It notes that over 1 million hectares of land, nearly a quarter of Gambella's farmland, has been leased to 896 companies since 2009 for agricultural development. Two major projects, Saudi Star and Karuturi, have been given large tracts of land for rice, palm oil, and other crop production. However, there are concerns about the environmental and social impacts of these large-scale land investments, including increasing deforestation and pressure on water resources as well as impacts on communities' access to land and water. The document questions whether there will be sufficient land and water available for all uses and users in Gambella amid
AEGIS Conference of African Studies 2011 - Uppsala [The Nile River Basin: in ...
The document discusses the challenges facing management of the Nile River Basin due to socioeconomic and environmental changes. Population growth, urbanization, and expanding agriculture have increased demands for water, food, and energy across the basin. At the same time, the region faces threats from climate change such as more extreme droughts and floods, rising sea levels, and desertification. Existing regional institutions aim to promote cooperation among Nile countries to help meet development needs while protecting the river ecosystem, but challenges remain in coordinating responses across different governmental levels and jurisdictions.
Nilo acima, Nilo abaixo (Dias do Desenvolvimento, 2011)
O documento discute as implicações da independência do Sul do Sudão para a hidropolítica regional da Bacia do Nilo. O Sul do Sudão se tornará o 11o estado ribeirinho da Bacia do Nilo e sua independência pode afetar os acordos existentes sobre o uso da água do rio entre os países. As relações do novo país com o Egito, Sudão e outros vizinhos será importante para o futuro da cooperação hidropolítica na região.
Cooperation in the Nile Basin: potential, obstacles and challenges (DANIDA 2011)
The document summarizes the potential for cooperation over water resources in the Nile River Basin, as well as obstacles and challenges to cooperation. It notes that while there is potential for hydropower development and agricultural benefits through cooperation, political divisions and a lack of legal agreements have hindered cooperation. New challenges to cooperation include countries pursuing unilateral projects, changing sources of financing, impacts of land investments, and shifting geopolitics in the region. Cooperation remains desirable but urgent action is still needed to address obstacles.
Breaking Waters: the birth of a new Nile state
This document discusses the political dynamics around water sharing in the Nile River Basin. It notes that the basin covers 10 riparian states and 160 million people. Historically there have been tensions between upstream and downstream states over issues like uneven water distribution and inequitable utilization. The document outlines how Egypt has traditionally played a dominant role as the main downstream state but that new political changes in South Sudan and Egypt in 2011 may shift this balance of power going forward. It speculates that the newly independent South Sudan and growing power of other upstream states could challenge Egypt's historical dominance over control and use of the Nile's waters.
Cascao_Southern_Sudan_55th_ African_country
The document discusses Southern Sudan's upcoming referendum on January 9th, 2011 where they will vote for either New Sudan as part of a unified state or independence. It outlines the potential impacts of Southern Sudan's secession at the national level including a possible return to war, at the regional level on geopolitics, geo-economics and control of the Nile River, and at the continental level where it could set a precedent for other independence movements. The document provides context by listing other African independence movements and concludes by thanking the reader.
Regional development in the Nile River Basin
The document discusses development in the Nile River Basin and the complex hydro politics between countries that share the river. It notes that most of the Nile's water comes from Ethiopia but Egypt has claimed most rights to the river's water based on historical agreements. Efforts over the past few decades to develop the river basin through the Nile Basin Initiative have faced challenges in renegotiating water allocations and gaining agreement on a new cooperative framework from all countries. The future of cooperation over development and water rights in the basin remains uncertain.
Global hydropolitics experiences
The document discusses the concept of hydropolitics and provides examples of water conflicts and cooperation in transboundary river basins. It defines hydropolitics as determining "who gets what water, when, where and how" and explains that most freshwater is transboundary. While water can be a source of conflict over issues like allocation and infrastructure, the document presents examples of cooperation through water agreements, river basin organizations, and joint management projects. It argues cooperation is more likely when countries focus on sharing benefits from water rather than strict water allocations.
Potential and limits of bargaining power on the nile
The document discusses the potential and limits of bargaining power between Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia over sharing the waters of the Nile River. It notes that while Ethiopia and Sudan's upstream locations and growing economies could challenge Egypt's historical dominance over the river, reaching an equitable agreement that satisfies all parties may be difficult given Egypt's reluctance to cede control, challenges implementing any deal, and geopolitical factors that have historically favored Egypt's interests.
New Partners on the Nile
The document summarizes land and water deals between the Ethiopian government and foreign investors from Saudi Arabia and India in the Gambella region of Western Ethiopia. The Ethiopian government is offering access to large tracts of fertile land and water resources in exchange for foreign investment and political support. However, the deals risk establishing asymmetric power relations that could impact hydro-politics in the Nile River basin.
Hydropolitics TWM Global2010 (III)
1) Negotiations over water allocations between riparian states often result in deadlock due to asymmetrical power balances and the question of "what's in it for me?".
2) A benefit-sharing approach focuses on generating mutual benefits from water resources rather than directly allocating water volumes, providing more opportunities for cooperation.
3) The Senegal River Basin organization is cited as a successful example of transboundary water cooperation, with jointly planned infrastructure projects, shared development benefits and costs.
Hydropolitics TWM Global 2010 (I+II)
This document discusses hydropolitics and water conflicts between nations sharing transboundary rivers. It defines hydropolitics as dealing with issues of who gets access to water resources, when, where and how. It notes that while outright armed conflicts over water are rare, political and diplomatic conflicts are more common due to asymmetric power relations between riparian states. The Jordan River Basin is presented as an example where unequal water allocation and utilization has led to limited cooperation and several conflict events between the five riparian countries.
Cascao_Dar_es_Salaam_NBI 10 years on: priority given to agriculture
This document discusses the priority given to agriculture in the Nile Basin Initiative over the past 10 years. It summarizes two programs within the NBI - the Efficient Water Use for Agriculture program and the Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program's irrigation and drainage work. It finds that while these programs have conducted studies and provided training, they have had limited results on the ground. Major challenges include bringing agriculture development back to the center of the NBI agenda, assessing water availability for irrigation projects, and negotiating water allocations between countries. The document argues that more priority should be given to agriculture within the NBI, as it is critical for development yet remains a politically sensitive issue requiring sustainable cooperation.
Cascao Hydropolitics TWM Lake Victoria 2009 (II)
The document discusses water conflicts and cooperation in transboundary river basins. It provides examples of both conflict and cooperation around the Jordan River Basin and Senegal River Basin. It then discusses various cooperative initiatives across northeast Africa, including the Niger Basin Authority, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Nubian Aquifer System Project, Nile Basin Initiative, and Lake Victoria Basin Commission. It considers whether investing in the Lake Victoria or Nile Basin initiatives, and suggests the benefits approach to cooperation may be more effective than the water-sharing approach. Cooperation is recognized as a complex political process with many stakeholders.
Cascao Hydropolitics TWM Lake Victoria 2009 (I)
This document outlines an upcoming presentation on hydropolitics and cooperation over water resources. The presentation will discuss what hydropolitics is, how water is a multifaceted political resource, and how asymmetric power relations between riparian states can impact water sharing. Participants will do exercises assessing power dimensions and relations between Nile River basin countries and considering how donors could influence cooperation.
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مصحف أحرف الخلاف للقراء العشرةأعد أحرف الخلاف بالتلوين وصلا سمير بسيوني غفر الله له
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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