Dental caries is caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and produce acids. Over time, the acids dissolve minerals in the enamel of teeth causing cavities. The document discusses the bacteria responsible, how caries develops in stages, risk factors like sugar intake and low saliva flow, prevention methods like fluoride and gum, and tools for diagnosis and risk assessment.
Dens Evaginatus is a developmental anomaly resulting in the formation of an accessory cusp on a tooth. It most commonly occurs on the lingual surface of maxillary lateral incisors and occlusal surfaces of mandibular premolars. The presence of pulp tissue within the cusp distinguishes it from supplemental cusps. Genetic factors like autosomal dominant inheritance may play a role in its etiology. Clinically, malocclusion can cause traumatic force on the cusp leading to pulp exposure. Treatment involves root canal therapy if exposed, and reducing opposing tooth contact.
This document discusses various techniques and materials for minimal intervention dentistry and remineralization. It describes the Atraumatic Restorative Technique (ART) which removes decay using hand instruments and restores cavities with adhesive materials. Glass ionomer cements are effective restorative materials for ART due to their fluoride release and adhesion properties. Remineralization involves rebuilding demineralized tooth structure using agents like fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) which provide calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions to remineralize enamel. Newer remineralizing systems and delivery methods like dentifrices, sealants, and restorative materials are also discussed.
This document provides an overview of developmental disturbances of teeth. It begins with an introduction that defines development and discusses genetic and environmental factors that can disrupt odontogenesis. It then classifies and describes various developmental disturbances affecting the size, number, shape, structure, and eruption of teeth. Specific disturbances covered in detail include microdontia, macrodontia, gemination, fusion, taurodontism, talon cusp, dens invaginatus, and shovel-shaped incisors. The document discusses causes, clinical features, classifications, and treatments for each disturbance. Radiographic features are also described for some conditions.
Fluoride reduces dental caries through multiple mechanisms including:
1) Incorporation into tooth enamel and dentin during development and after eruption, making the tooth structure less soluble in acid.
2) Interacting with the bacterial enzymes and metabolic processes that produce acid in dental plaque, reducing acid production.
3) Promoting remineralization of enamel and dentin that have been demineralized by acid from plaque bacteria.
Dental Fluorosis : double sided sword
Overview of this deadly disease in this presentation
Presented by: Shubham Shegokar
Guided by : Dr. Rehan Khan
Pediatric Dentitstry
This document discusses all ceramic crown preparation. It defines all ceramic crowns as non-metallic full coverage restorations used to restore teeth functionally and esthetically. Advantages include superior esthetics, excellent translucency, and good tissue response, while disadvantages include reduced strength without a metal substructure and difficulty obtaining well-fitting margins. Indications for all ceramic crowns include discolored teeth, teeth with enamel defects, and excessive attrition. Contraindications include posterior teeth and teeth under heavy biting forces. The document outlines the facial, incisal, lingual, and proximal tooth reduction techniques needed to properly prepare teeth for all ceramic crowns.
Dens Evaginatus is a developmental anomaly resulting in the formation of an accessory cusp on a tooth. It most commonly occurs on the lingual surface of maxillary lateral incisors and occlusal surfaces of mandibular premolars. The presence of pulp tissue within the cusp distinguishes it from supplemental cusps. Genetic factors like autosomal dominant inheritance may play a role in its etiology. Clinically, malocclusion can cause traumatic force on the cusp leading to pulp exposure. Treatment involves root canal therapy if exposed, and reducing opposing tooth contact.
This document discusses various techniques and materials for minimal intervention dentistry and remineralization. It describes the Atraumatic Restorative Technique (ART) which removes decay using hand instruments and restores cavities with adhesive materials. Glass ionomer cements are effective restorative materials for ART due to their fluoride release and adhesion properties. Remineralization involves rebuilding demineralized tooth structure using agents like fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) which provide calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions to remineralize enamel. Newer remineralizing systems and delivery methods like dentifrices, sealants, and restorative materials are also discussed.
This document provides an overview of developmental disturbances of teeth. It begins with an introduction that defines development and discusses genetic and environmental factors that can disrupt odontogenesis. It then classifies and describes various developmental disturbances affecting the size, number, shape, structure, and eruption of teeth. Specific disturbances covered in detail include microdontia, macrodontia, gemination, fusion, taurodontism, talon cusp, dens invaginatus, and shovel-shaped incisors. The document discusses causes, clinical features, classifications, and treatments for each disturbance. Radiographic features are also described for some conditions.
Fluoride reduces dental caries through multiple mechanisms including:
1) Incorporation into tooth enamel and dentin during development and after eruption, making the tooth structure less soluble in acid.
2) Interacting with the bacterial enzymes and metabolic processes that produce acid in dental plaque, reducing acid production.
3) Promoting remineralization of enamel and dentin that have been demineralized by acid from plaque bacteria.
Dental Fluorosis : double sided sword
Overview of this deadly disease in this presentation
Presented by: Shubham Shegokar
Guided by : Dr. Rehan Khan
Pediatric Dentitstry
This document discusses all ceramic crown preparation. It defines all ceramic crowns as non-metallic full coverage restorations used to restore teeth functionally and esthetically. Advantages include superior esthetics, excellent translucency, and good tissue response, while disadvantages include reduced strength without a metal substructure and difficulty obtaining well-fitting margins. Indications for all ceramic crowns include discolored teeth, teeth with enamel defects, and excessive attrition. Contraindications include posterior teeth and teeth under heavy biting forces. The document outlines the facial, incisal, lingual, and proximal tooth reduction techniques needed to properly prepare teeth for all ceramic crowns.
Non-carious cervical lesions are caused by erosion from dietary or gastric acids, abrasion from toothbrushing or other habits, and abfraction from biomechanical forces. They present as broad shallow lesions on the facial or lingual surfaces for erosion, notched lesions on the facial surface for abrasion, and wedge-shaped lesions often subgingivally for abfraction. Treatment involves dentin desensitization, restorations with composites or glass ionomers, endodontics if pulpal involvement, periodontal therapy for gingival recession, and prevention through dietary counseling, fluoride application, and correcting habits.
Resorption of teeth can be either physiological or pathological. It can occur externally on the surface of the tooth or internally within the tooth structure. Tooth resorbing cells called odontoclasts are involved and resemble osteoclasts, containing enzymes that allow degradation of mineral and organic tooth material. Physiological resorption occurs due to pressure or signals from the dental follicle, while pathological resorption can be associated with periapical inflammation, tooth replantation, cysts/tumors, orthodontic movement, impacted teeth, or idiopathic causes. Internal resorption begins within the pulp and spreads outward, while external resorption occurs on the surface and progresses inward.
The document summarizes traumatic dental injuries and their management. It discusses the classification, clinical features, treatment, and stabilization periods for various types of dentoalveolar injuries including enamel fractures, crown fractures, root fractures, luxations, and avulsions. Splinting is described as the best method for immobilizing mobile teeth or displaced teeth, with different splinting techniques and materials discussed. Prompt treatment of dental trauma is emphasized to save injured teeth.
ATTRITION OF TEETH (Regressive Alterations of Teeth) Dentistry World
Attrition is the wearing away of teeth due to tooth-to-tooth contact during chewing. It is a normal aging process that results in small facets or flattened areas forming on biting surfaces over time. Severe attrition can expose dentin and cause tooth sensitivity or fractures. It occurs more in men due to stronger biting forces and can be worsened by conditions like abnormal bite, premature tooth loss, grinding teeth (bruxism), or structural defects in enamel or dentin. Treatment focuses on correcting abnormal bites or habits and protecting weakened teeth with crowns if needed.
This document discusses fluorides in dentistry. It describes the sources of fluoride, mechanisms of how fluoride prevents tooth decay, and methods of fluoride delivery topically and systemically. It also addresses the indications for topical fluoride use, recommended dosages of fluoride tablets/drops, and potential toxicities like dental and skeletal fluorosis from inadequate or excessive fluoride intake. When used appropriately, fluoride is an effective cariostatic agent for improving dental health.
This document discusses the potential for a dental caries vaccine. It begins by defining dental caries and explaining why it is a major public health problem. It then covers how the immune system works and classifications of immunity. Key aspects of the microbiology of dental caries are explained, focusing on Streptococcus mutans and its antigenic determinants. The document discusses the need for a caries vaccine, potential routes of administration including mucosal and systemic routes, and advantages and disadvantages of passive immunization approaches. It concludes by considering the public health perspective on a potential caries vaccine and analyzing whether it could help reduce the global burden of dental caries.
This document provides information on the classification and treatment of tooth discoloration. It begins with an introduction on the importance of properly diagnosing the cause of discoloration in order to determine the appropriate treatment. Tooth discoloration is then classified in various ways, including by location (intrinsic, extrinsic, internalized), etiology (pre-eruptive, post-eruptive causes), and chemistry of the staining agent. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history and pretreatment photos in order to analyze the cause. Potential treatments discussed include prevention methods, scaling, microabrasion, macroabrasion, veneers, bleaching of vital and non-vital teeth, and the use of various agents
This document provides information on band and loop space maintainers. It begins by introducing space maintainers and their objectives in maintaining arch integrity and guiding eruption of permanent teeth. It then discusses different types of space maintainers, including removable, fixed, functional and non-functional varieties. Specific appliances like band and loop, lingual arch, and distal shoe are explained. The document outlines the indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of band and loop space maintainers. It provides details on the materials and instrumentation used in fabricating band and loop space maintainers. Overall, the document serves as an overview of band and loop space maintainers, their classification, objectives, considerations and fabrication.
Hypercementosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of cementum on tooth roots. It can be localized, affecting a single tooth due to conditions like periapical osteitis, or generalized, affecting many teeth as an age-related factor or due to diseases like Paget's disease of bone. Radiographically, it appears as thickening and blunting of roots with a bulbous or irregular apex. Diagnosis is clinical based on the bulbous root appearance. Treatment focuses on managing any underlying primary causes.
DR. SWARNEET KAKPURE (DEPT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS)
THE TOPIC PRESENTED IN SEMINAR COVERS ALMOST ALL THE ASPECTS OF COMPLEX AMALGAM RESTORATIONS INCLUDING PIN RETAINED,SLOT RETAINED AMALGAM RESTORATIONS,CEMENTED,FRICTION LOCKED & SELF THREADING PINS, TMS SYSTEM,AMALGAM FOUNDATIONS ALONG WITH TECHNIQUES OF INSERTION AND MATRIX PLACEMENT.
This document discusses oral malodour (bad breath). It begins by defining oral malodour and noting its various synonyms. It then classifies oral malodour into genuine, physiological, pathological, pseudo, and halitophobia categories. The document outlines intraoral and extraoral causes of oral malodour and describes methods for diagnosis, including medical history, examination, and laboratory tests. Key diagnostic tests mentioned are organoleptic rating, portable sulfide monitors, and BANA testing. The document concludes by discussing treatments for oral malodour which include mechanical reduction of substrates, chemical reduction of microorganisms, conversion of volatile sulfur compounds, and masking of malodour.
The document discusses various age-related changes that occur in oral tissues. It describes changes at the macroscopic, microscopic, and cellular levels in tissues like enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, gingiva and salivary glands. With increasing age, the oral tissues show signs of wear and tear like cracks, discoloration and loss of elasticity. There are also changes in vascularity, cellularity and thickness of various tissues. The rate of tissue turnover reduces with aging affecting the structure and function of oral tissues.
Talon's cusp is an anomalous supernumerary cusp that projects lingually from the cingulum area of maxillary and mandibular incisors. It resembles an eagle's talon and is composed of normal enamel, dentin, and pulp tissue. Talon cusps are commonly seen on maxillary lateral and central incisors. They can cause aesthetic problems for patients and require prophylactic restoration or removal to prevent cavities, with exposed dentin treated with desensitizing agents.
Relationship between the type of food, frequency of intake and various cariogenic and non-cariogenic factors which influence initiation and progression of caries have been studied over the years.
This document discusses occlusal development from birth through adulthood. It begins by describing the gum pads present at birth, noting their segmentation and relationships. It then outlines the four periods of occlusal development: neonatal, primary dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. For each period, it details the typical eruption sequence and characteristics. The mixed dentition period is subdivided into three phases focusing on molar relationships and shifts. Factors that facilitate the transition between primary and permanent incisors are also explained.
This document discusses topical fluoride delivery methods for preventing dental caries. It begins by introducing different types of topical fluorides including professionally-applied options like sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, and acidulated phosphate fluoride as well as self-applied options like dentifrices and mouthwashes. It then covers the preparation, application procedures, mechanisms of action, advantages, and disadvantages of each professionally-applied fluoride type. The document concludes by comparing the characteristics of the different professionally-applied fluoride options and providing recommendations for topical fluoride application.
Xerostomia is the diesease in which their is absence of saliva in mouth. The slide inlcudes all the helpful subjects about the topic. graphical representation for ease of understanding
Working length is the distance from a coronal reference point to the point where canal preparation and obturation should terminate. It is important to determine working length precisely using radiographs or electronic apex locators. The radiographic method involves measuring the total length of the tooth on preoperative radiographs, subtracting 1mm as a safety factor, and confirming length under radiograph after instrumentation. Electronic apex locators use electric current to detect the apical foramen. Tactile methods are unreliable due to risk of over-instrumentation or under-instrumentation.
Dilaceration is a bending or curvature of a tooth root caused by either trauma that displaces the calcified portion during development or a developmental defect. It most commonly occurs in maxillary incisors and is diagnosed radiographically by observing the curved root. Management can be difficult and involves restoring a dilacerated crown to improve function and prevent dental issues, while extraction may require special care due to the root curvature.
True generalized microdontia involves all teeth being smaller than normal and is seen in cases of pituitary dwarfism. Macrodontia refers to teeth being larger than normal. Geminated teeth arise from an attempt at division of a single tooth germ. Taurodontism is the enlargement of the tooth body and pulp chamber with displacement of the pulpal floor. Amelogenesis imperfecta represents hereditary defects of enamel formation. Dentinogenesis imperfecta affects dentin formation resulting in teeth that are gray to yellowish-brown.
Dental caries is caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and produce acids. Over time, the acids dissolve minerals in the enamel of teeth causing cavities. There are several stages of caries development from early demineralization to cavitation. Risk factors include bacteria transmission from mother to child, high sugar diets, dry mouth, and restorations that develop new decay around the edges. Diagnosis involves visual exam, X-rays, probes, and laser detectors. Prevention focuses on reducing bacteria and sugar levels while increasing fluoride and saliva.
Dental caries, also known as cavities, is caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and starches, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel over time. For caries to develop, three factors are required: a susceptible tooth, a diet high in fermentable carbohydrates, and certain cariogenic bacteria. The two main bacteria involved are Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Dental plaque protects these bacteria and allows them to concentrate on the tooth surface, leading to demineralization if acid attacks are frequent due to a sugary diet. Saliva helps protect teeth from decay by neutralizing acids and providing minerals, but its protective properties are reduced if saliv
Non-carious cervical lesions are caused by erosion from dietary or gastric acids, abrasion from toothbrushing or other habits, and abfraction from biomechanical forces. They present as broad shallow lesions on the facial or lingual surfaces for erosion, notched lesions on the facial surface for abrasion, and wedge-shaped lesions often subgingivally for abfraction. Treatment involves dentin desensitization, restorations with composites or glass ionomers, endodontics if pulpal involvement, periodontal therapy for gingival recession, and prevention through dietary counseling, fluoride application, and correcting habits.
Resorption of teeth can be either physiological or pathological. It can occur externally on the surface of the tooth or internally within the tooth structure. Tooth resorbing cells called odontoclasts are involved and resemble osteoclasts, containing enzymes that allow degradation of mineral and organic tooth material. Physiological resorption occurs due to pressure or signals from the dental follicle, while pathological resorption can be associated with periapical inflammation, tooth replantation, cysts/tumors, orthodontic movement, impacted teeth, or idiopathic causes. Internal resorption begins within the pulp and spreads outward, while external resorption occurs on the surface and progresses inward.
The document summarizes traumatic dental injuries and their management. It discusses the classification, clinical features, treatment, and stabilization periods for various types of dentoalveolar injuries including enamel fractures, crown fractures, root fractures, luxations, and avulsions. Splinting is described as the best method for immobilizing mobile teeth or displaced teeth, with different splinting techniques and materials discussed. Prompt treatment of dental trauma is emphasized to save injured teeth.
ATTRITION OF TEETH (Regressive Alterations of Teeth) Dentistry World
Attrition is the wearing away of teeth due to tooth-to-tooth contact during chewing. It is a normal aging process that results in small facets or flattened areas forming on biting surfaces over time. Severe attrition can expose dentin and cause tooth sensitivity or fractures. It occurs more in men due to stronger biting forces and can be worsened by conditions like abnormal bite, premature tooth loss, grinding teeth (bruxism), or structural defects in enamel or dentin. Treatment focuses on correcting abnormal bites or habits and protecting weakened teeth with crowns if needed.
This document discusses fluorides in dentistry. It describes the sources of fluoride, mechanisms of how fluoride prevents tooth decay, and methods of fluoride delivery topically and systemically. It also addresses the indications for topical fluoride use, recommended dosages of fluoride tablets/drops, and potential toxicities like dental and skeletal fluorosis from inadequate or excessive fluoride intake. When used appropriately, fluoride is an effective cariostatic agent for improving dental health.
This document discusses the potential for a dental caries vaccine. It begins by defining dental caries and explaining why it is a major public health problem. It then covers how the immune system works and classifications of immunity. Key aspects of the microbiology of dental caries are explained, focusing on Streptococcus mutans and its antigenic determinants. The document discusses the need for a caries vaccine, potential routes of administration including mucosal and systemic routes, and advantages and disadvantages of passive immunization approaches. It concludes by considering the public health perspective on a potential caries vaccine and analyzing whether it could help reduce the global burden of dental caries.
This document provides information on the classification and treatment of tooth discoloration. It begins with an introduction on the importance of properly diagnosing the cause of discoloration in order to determine the appropriate treatment. Tooth discoloration is then classified in various ways, including by location (intrinsic, extrinsic, internalized), etiology (pre-eruptive, post-eruptive causes), and chemistry of the staining agent. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history and pretreatment photos in order to analyze the cause. Potential treatments discussed include prevention methods, scaling, microabrasion, macroabrasion, veneers, bleaching of vital and non-vital teeth, and the use of various agents
This document provides information on band and loop space maintainers. It begins by introducing space maintainers and their objectives in maintaining arch integrity and guiding eruption of permanent teeth. It then discusses different types of space maintainers, including removable, fixed, functional and non-functional varieties. Specific appliances like band and loop, lingual arch, and distal shoe are explained. The document outlines the indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of band and loop space maintainers. It provides details on the materials and instrumentation used in fabricating band and loop space maintainers. Overall, the document serves as an overview of band and loop space maintainers, their classification, objectives, considerations and fabrication.
Hypercementosis is characterized by the excessive deposition of cementum on tooth roots. It can be localized, affecting a single tooth due to conditions like periapical osteitis, or generalized, affecting many teeth as an age-related factor or due to diseases like Paget's disease of bone. Radiographically, it appears as thickening and blunting of roots with a bulbous or irregular apex. Diagnosis is clinical based on the bulbous root appearance. Treatment focuses on managing any underlying primary causes.
DR. SWARNEET KAKPURE (DEPT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS)
THE TOPIC PRESENTED IN SEMINAR COVERS ALMOST ALL THE ASPECTS OF COMPLEX AMALGAM RESTORATIONS INCLUDING PIN RETAINED,SLOT RETAINED AMALGAM RESTORATIONS,CEMENTED,FRICTION LOCKED & SELF THREADING PINS, TMS SYSTEM,AMALGAM FOUNDATIONS ALONG WITH TECHNIQUES OF INSERTION AND MATRIX PLACEMENT.
This document discusses oral malodour (bad breath). It begins by defining oral malodour and noting its various synonyms. It then classifies oral malodour into genuine, physiological, pathological, pseudo, and halitophobia categories. The document outlines intraoral and extraoral causes of oral malodour and describes methods for diagnosis, including medical history, examination, and laboratory tests. Key diagnostic tests mentioned are organoleptic rating, portable sulfide monitors, and BANA testing. The document concludes by discussing treatments for oral malodour which include mechanical reduction of substrates, chemical reduction of microorganisms, conversion of volatile sulfur compounds, and masking of malodour.
The document discusses various age-related changes that occur in oral tissues. It describes changes at the macroscopic, microscopic, and cellular levels in tissues like enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, gingiva and salivary glands. With increasing age, the oral tissues show signs of wear and tear like cracks, discoloration and loss of elasticity. There are also changes in vascularity, cellularity and thickness of various tissues. The rate of tissue turnover reduces with aging affecting the structure and function of oral tissues.
Talon's cusp is an anomalous supernumerary cusp that projects lingually from the cingulum area of maxillary and mandibular incisors. It resembles an eagle's talon and is composed of normal enamel, dentin, and pulp tissue. Talon cusps are commonly seen on maxillary lateral and central incisors. They can cause aesthetic problems for patients and require prophylactic restoration or removal to prevent cavities, with exposed dentin treated with desensitizing agents.
Relationship between the type of food, frequency of intake and various cariogenic and non-cariogenic factors which influence initiation and progression of caries have been studied over the years.
This document discusses occlusal development from birth through adulthood. It begins by describing the gum pads present at birth, noting their segmentation and relationships. It then outlines the four periods of occlusal development: neonatal, primary dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. For each period, it details the typical eruption sequence and characteristics. The mixed dentition period is subdivided into three phases focusing on molar relationships and shifts. Factors that facilitate the transition between primary and permanent incisors are also explained.
This document discusses topical fluoride delivery methods for preventing dental caries. It begins by introducing different types of topical fluorides including professionally-applied options like sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, and acidulated phosphate fluoride as well as self-applied options like dentifrices and mouthwashes. It then covers the preparation, application procedures, mechanisms of action, advantages, and disadvantages of each professionally-applied fluoride type. The document concludes by comparing the characteristics of the different professionally-applied fluoride options and providing recommendations for topical fluoride application.
Xerostomia is the diesease in which their is absence of saliva in mouth. The slide inlcudes all the helpful subjects about the topic. graphical representation for ease of understanding
Working length is the distance from a coronal reference point to the point where canal preparation and obturation should terminate. It is important to determine working length precisely using radiographs or electronic apex locators. The radiographic method involves measuring the total length of the tooth on preoperative radiographs, subtracting 1mm as a safety factor, and confirming length under radiograph after instrumentation. Electronic apex locators use electric current to detect the apical foramen. Tactile methods are unreliable due to risk of over-instrumentation or under-instrumentation.
Dilaceration is a bending or curvature of a tooth root caused by either trauma that displaces the calcified portion during development or a developmental defect. It most commonly occurs in maxillary incisors and is diagnosed radiographically by observing the curved root. Management can be difficult and involves restoring a dilacerated crown to improve function and prevent dental issues, while extraction may require special care due to the root curvature.
True generalized microdontia involves all teeth being smaller than normal and is seen in cases of pituitary dwarfism. Macrodontia refers to teeth being larger than normal. Geminated teeth arise from an attempt at division of a single tooth germ. Taurodontism is the enlargement of the tooth body and pulp chamber with displacement of the pulpal floor. Amelogenesis imperfecta represents hereditary defects of enamel formation. Dentinogenesis imperfecta affects dentin formation resulting in teeth that are gray to yellowish-brown.
Dental caries is caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and produce acids. Over time, the acids dissolve minerals in the enamel of teeth causing cavities. There are several stages of caries development from early demineralization to cavitation. Risk factors include bacteria transmission from mother to child, high sugar diets, dry mouth, and restorations that develop new decay around the edges. Diagnosis involves visual exam, X-rays, probes, and laser detectors. Prevention focuses on reducing bacteria and sugar levels while increasing fluoride and saliva.
Dental caries, also known as cavities, is caused by bacteria in the mouth that feed on sugars and starches, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel over time. For caries to develop, three factors are required: a susceptible tooth, a diet high in fermentable carbohydrates, and certain cariogenic bacteria. The two main bacteria involved are Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Dental plaque protects these bacteria and allows them to concentrate on the tooth surface, leading to demineralization if acid attacks are frequent due to a sugary diet. Saliva helps protect teeth from decay by neutralizing acids and providing minerals, but its protective properties are reduced if saliv
Dental caries is caused by an interaction between oral bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and tooth surfaces over time. Miller's chemico-parasitic theory is the most widely accepted explanation of the etiology. It states that acids produced by oral bacteria from carbohydrates lead to enamel demineralization and destruction. Clinical presentation varies and includes pit and fissure caries, smooth surface caries, and root caries. Histologically, caries progresses through zones of demineralization and remineralization in both enamel and dentin. Prevention focuses on modifying the oral environment, bacteria, and substrate to reduce acid production and demineralization.
Restorative Dentistry For Children PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRYJamil Kifayatullah
This document discusses restorative dentistry for children. It covers the importance of maintaining a dry field for clear vision and preventing contamination during restorative procedures. It describes various methods for achieving a dry field, including cotton rolls, saliva ejectors, and rubber dams. It discusses the aims and general principles of restorative dentistry in primary teeth, including cavity classification, preparation, and choices of restorative materials. It also covers the use of preformed crowns for primary teeth, including stainless steel crowns and strip crowns. Finally, it discusses early childhood caries (ECC), including definitions, prevalence, risk factors, clinical presentations, consequences, and approaches for prevention and treatment.
Dental caries is caused by the interaction of four main factors: the tooth, dental plaque, diet, and time. Dental plaque is a soft biofilm containing bacteria like Streptococcus mutans that produce acid from sugars in the diet, causing demineralization of tooth enamel and leading to cavities. Diet plays a key role, as frequent consumption of fermentable carbohydrates like sucrose promotes acid production. Other factors like saliva, fluoride, socioeconomic status, and education can also influence risk. Dental caries is diagnosed visually, tactilely, and radiographically and can be classified based on location, extent, and rate of progression. Prevention focuses on reducing sugar intake, maintaining oral hygiene to
The document discusses the major factors involved in the dental caries process. It states that dental caries are caused by a combination of susceptible tooth structure, cariogenic microorganisms in the mouth, and fermentable carbohydrates. Certain dietary factors can increase risk, such as frequent consumption of cariogenic foods high in fermentable carbohydrates, while other foods like dairy products and chocolate may have protective properties. Dental hygiene practices and dietary modifications that reduce intake of cariogenic foods between meals can help prevent dental caries.
Dental Caries ; A Presentation by- MunabbiRMunabbir31
Dental caries, or tooth decay, is a microbial disease caused by bacteria in the mouth that leads to demineralization of tooth enamel and dentin. Key factors for development of caries include cariogenic bacteria, bacterial plaque, fermentable carbohydrates, and susceptible tooth surfaces. Symptoms may include tooth sensitivity, pain, and visible cavities. Diagnosis involves visual examination and sometimes x-rays. Treatment depends on the severity but may include fillings, root canals, extractions, or replacements like bridges or implants. Maintaining good oral hygiene through regular brushing and cleanings can help prevent caries.
This document provides information about dental caries (tooth decay). It defines dental caries, describes the carious process and pathological changes involved. It discusses the epidemiology of dental caries, including prevalence, incidence, and indices used to measure caries activity. Risk factors for dental caries like location and surface of teeth are presented. The roles of microorganisms, substrates, teeth susceptibility, and time in the development of caries are explained. Details about dental plaque as the medium for caries development are provided.
The document provides an introduction to dental caries (tooth decay) as a disease. It defines dental caries according to various authors and organizations. Caries results from an imbalance between tooth mineral and biofilm fluid that causes demineralization of enamel and dentin. Key factors that contribute to this imbalance are the host tooth surface, carbohydrates as a substrate for oral bacteria, the oral biofilm, and time. However, not all individuals with teeth and a biofilm who consume carbohydrates will develop caries, as several risk and protective factors can modify the caries process, such as saliva composition and flow, oral hygiene, fluoride exposure, and diet.
EPIDERMOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIESVajid Kurikkal
Dental caries is caused by an interaction between microorganisms, host factors, and the diet. Key microorganisms involved are Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli, which produce acid as a byproduct of metabolizing sugars in the diet, leading to demineralization of enamel and dentin. Host factors like saliva and tooth morphology can increase or decrease risk of caries by impacting pH, cleansing, and ability to remove food debris. Increased consumption of fermentable carbohydrates, especially without proper oral hygiene, greatly increases the risk of dental caries. Prevention strategies aim to modify these risk factors, such as reducing sugar intake, increasing fluoride exposure, and improving plaque removal.
Oral Evacuation Systems Used in Dental Caresrajece
This document discusses oral evacuation systems used in dentistry to maintain a clear operating field. It describes two main systems - the saliva ejector and high-volume evacuator (HVE). The saliva ejector is a small straw-like tool used for less invasive procedures to control moisture, while the HVE is used for most dental procedures to remove fluids, debris, and reduce bacterial aerosols. It provides details on the use of each tool, including positioning, grasping techniques, and tips. The document also covers rinsing procedures and the isolation of teeth using various methods like cotton rolls, dry angles, and dental dams.
Dental caries is an irreversible microbial disease that causes demineralization and destruction of tooth structure. It is characterized by the interaction of bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates like sugar, and time. Three main factors must be present for caries to develop: susceptible tooth surfaces, diet high in sugars, and cariogenic bacteria. While it was once considered a disease of modern civilization, evidence from prehistoric skulls shows the earliest occurrences of caries coincided with the development of agriculture and consumption of starchy crops. Modern theories emphasize the role of dental plaque in localizing acid production and preventing remineralization by saliva.
The document discusses removable prosthodontics, including the components, fabrication process, and home care instructions for removable partial dentures and full dentures. Immediate dentures are also covered, which are placed immediately after tooth extraction, as well as relining and repair of existing dentures.
The document discusses removable prosthodontics, including the components, fabrication process, and maintenance of removable partial dentures and full dentures. Removable partial dentures replace some missing teeth while full dentures are used when all teeth are missing. The document also covers indications, contraindications, and techniques for immediate dentures, relining dentures, and repairing dentures.
Preventive orthodontics aims to preserve normal occlusion and includes patient education, caries control, management of eruption problems, space maintenance, and addressing oral habits. Key aspects are maintaining the deciduous dentition to allow proper eruption of permanent teeth, identifying issues like ankylosed or supernumerary teeth, and using space maintainers like crown-loop or distal shoe appliances as needed. Regular exams are important from an early age to monitor development and catch any issues requiring treatment or referral.
This document provides information on the etiology and classification of dental caries. It discusses the multifactorial nature of caries, involving bacteria, susceptible tooth surfaces, and diet playing major roles. It describes theories of caries development including Miller's chemoparasitic theory involving acid production by bacteria leading to demineralization. It also discusses host factors like tooth composition, plaque, diet and its effects on bacteria, the role of time and saliva, and systemic and genetic factors in caries development and susceptibility.
This document provides an introduction to operative dentistry. It defines operative dentistry as dealing with the functional and esthetic restoration of teeth. The main indications for operative procedures are then outlined, including dental caries, non-carious tooth structure loss, malformed/traumatized teeth, esthetic improvements, and replacing previous restorations. Caries is described as an infectious disease causing tooth structure demineralization. The purposes of operative dentistry are then given as diagnosis, prevention, interception, and maintenance of restored teeth.
This document provides an introduction to operative dentistry. It defines operative dentistry as dealing with the functional and esthetic restoration of teeth. The main indications for operative procedures are then outlined, including dental caries, non-carious tooth structure loss, malformed/traumatized teeth, esthetic improvements, and replacing previous restorations. Caries is described as an infectious disease causing tooth structure demineralization. The purposes of operative dentistry are then stated as diagnosis, prevention, interception, and maintenance of restored teeth. Key terminology related to tooth surfaces and dental caries is also defined.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.