John Holland was an American psychologist who created the Holland Codes career development model. His theory proposes that career choices are determined by an interaction between personality and environment. Specifically, people prefer work environments that allow them to use their skills and express their values around others who are similar. The theory categorizes personalities and work environments into six themes - Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. Assessing one's personality type and finding a matching work environment leads to greater career satisfaction. Tools like the Self-Directed Search and O*NET Interest Profiler can help individuals understand their personality type and suitable career options.

1. THEORY OF
CAREER CHOICE
Presenter: Hananeel Jay A.
Cabiling

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FABRIKAM RESIDENCES
John Holland
( O c t o b e r 2 1 , 1 9 1 9 – N o v e m b e r 2 7 , 2 0 0 8 )
H o l l a n d w a s a n A m e r i c a n p s y c h o l o g i s t a n d
P r o f e s s o r E m e r i t u s o f S o c i o l o g y a t J o h n s
H o p k i n s U n i v e r s i t y. H e w a s t h e c r e a t o r o f t h e
c a r e e r d e v e l o p m e n t m o d e l , H o l l a n d O c c u p a t i o n a l
T h e m e s , c o m m o n l y k n o w n a s t h e H o l l a n d C o d e s .

3. Career Choice
W h at is career? How d o we c h oose a career?
• Careers are determined by an interaction between our
personality and the environment in John Holland's Theory
of Career Choice. We want jobs with people like us.
• John Holland's Theory of Career Choice (RIASEC) maintains
that in choosing a career, people prefer jobs where they
can be around others who are like them. They search for
environments that will let them use their skills and abilities,
and express their attitudes and values, while taking on
enjoyable problems and roles.
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SIX PERSONALITY TYPES
A c cord in g to Joh n Hollan d ’s Th eor y
RIASEC
• Realistic
• Investigative
• Artistic
• Social
• Enterprising
• Conventional
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6. FR
REALISTIC (R)
The “Do-ers”
• Likes to work with animals, tools, or
machines;
• Has good skills in working with tools,
mechanical or electrical drawings, machines,
or plants and animals;
• Values practical things you can see, touch,
and use like plants and animals, tools,
equipment, or machines;
• Sees self as practical, mechanical, and
realistic
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7. FR
• Pilot, farmer, horticulturalist, builder,
engineer, armed services personnel,
mechanic, upholsterer, electrician,
computer technologist, park ranger,
sportsperson
THE DO E RS
OCCUPATIONS:
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8. FR
The “Thinkers”
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INVESTIGATIVE (I)
• Likes to study and solve math or
science problems;
• Is good at understanding and
solving science and math
problems;
• Values science;
• Sees self as precise, scientific,
and intellectual.

9. FR
• Science, research, medical and health
occupations, chemist, marine scientist,
forestry technician, medical or
agricultural laboratory technician,
zoologist, dentist, doctor
THE THINKE RS
OCCUPATIONS:
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10. FR
The “Creators”
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ARTISTIC (A)
• Likes to do creative activities like art,
drama, crafts, dance, music, or creative
writing;
• Has good artistic abilities - in creative
writing, drama, crafts, music, or art;
• Values the creative arts - like drama,
music, art, or the works of creative
writers;
• Sees self as expressive, original, and
independent.

11. FR
• Artist, illustrator, photographer,
signwriter, composer, singer, instrument
player, dancer, actor, reporter, writer,
editor, advertiser, hairdresser, fashion
designer
THE CR EATO RS
OCCUPATIONS:
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12. FR
The “Helpers”
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SOCIAL (S)
• Likes to do things to help people - like
teaching, counseling, nursing, or giving
information;
• Is good at teaching, counseling,
nursing, or giving information;
• Values helping people and solving
social problems;
• Sees self as helpful, friendly, and
trustworthy.

13. FR
• Teacher, nurse, nurse aide, counselor,
police officer, social worker,
salesperson, customer service officer,
waiter, secretary
THE HE LPE RS
OCCUPATIONS:
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14. FR
The “Persuaders”
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ENTERPRISING (E)
• Likes to lead and persuade people, and
to sell things and ideas;
• Is good at leading people and selling
things or ideas;
• Values success in politics, leadership,
or business;
• Sees self as energetic, ambitious, and
sociable.

15. FR
• Salesperson, lawyer, politician,
accountant, business owner, executive
or manager, travel agent, music or
sports promoter
THE PE RS UA DE RS
OCCUPATIONS:
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16. FR
The “Organizers”
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CONVENTIONAL (C)
• Likes to work with numbers, records,
or machines in a set, orderly way;
• Is good at working with written
records and numbers in a systematic,
orderly way;
• Values success in business;
• Sees self as orderly, and good at
following a set plan

17. FR
• Secretary, receptionist, office worker,
librarian, bank clerk, computer operator,
stores and dispatch clerk
THE O RGA NIZE RS
OCCUPATIONS:
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18. FR
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19. FR
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THE RIASEC MODEL

20. FR
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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TYPES
• The distances between the types around
the hexagon determine the degree of
similarity or dissimilarity between the
various types. Adjacent types on the
hexagon are most related to one another,
and opposite types on the hexagon are
least related to one another. The
hexagonal model also visually
demonstrates a few other key concepts
that are central to the Holland theory:
congruence, consistency and
differentiation

21. • Congruence refers to the degree of match between one’s
type and the type of the work environment that he or she
ultimately chooses. For example, persons who measure
Artistic as their highest type would be most congruent in
an environment that incorporates artistic activities, that
allows for artistic expression, and that attracts other
artistic people.
CONGRUENCE
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22. • Consistency refers to the assumption that adjacent pairs
of types on the hexagon are most related and
accordingly most consistent. For example, career clients
whose tests show Social and Artistic as their two highest
codes are considered to be more consistent than if they
tested Social and Realistic as their two highest codes.
CONSISTENCY
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23. • Differentiation addresses a person’s purity of type or whether that
person clearly resembles one or perhaps two types, yet clearly
does not resemble the other types. For example, a person is
considered highly differentiated if he or she measures high on
conventional and measures significantly low on all the other types.
That same person could also measure highest on Conventional,
next highest on Enterprising, significantly lower on all the other
types and have both a consistent (due to adjacent codes) and
well-differentiated profile.
DIFFERENTIATION
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24. • The SDS enables users to choose occupations and
fields of study that best match their self-reported
skills and interests. It is based on the idea that
people whose job and work environments most
closely match their personal style and interests tend
to consider themselves satisfied and successful with
the occupational choices they have made.
https:/ / youtu.be/ RjFcobniNns
SELF-DIRECTED SEARCH
(SDS)
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25. • The O*NET Interest Profiler can help you
find out what your interests are and how
they relate to the world of work. You can
find out what you like to do.
• The O*NET Interest Profiler helps you
decide what kinds of careers you might
want to explore.
O *NE T Interest Profiler at My Next Move
O*NET INTEREST
PROFILER
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26. • It is a unique computerized program that
helps you find the best career that fits
your personality.
• SCOPE (Student’s Career Opportunity
and Personality Evaluator)
STI S CO PE
STI SCOPE
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PROGRAMS
• BS Information Technology
• BS Computer Science
• BS Electronics
• BS Computer Engineering
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
• Software Engineer
• Programmer
• Animator
• Web designer
R IA ( Realistic , Investigative, A rtistic )
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STI SCOPE

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PROGRAMS
• BS Office Administration
• BS Accountancy
• BS Economics
• BS Business Management
• ABM
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
• Bookkeeper
• Bank Teller
• Entrepreneur
• Marketing Product Specialist
• Sales Consultant
• Accountant
EC ( E nterp risin g , Convention al)
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STI SCOPE

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PROGRAMS
• BS Education
• BS Communication
• BS Psychology
• Law
• AB Political Science
• HUMMS
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
• Teacher
• Broadcaster
• Psychologist
• Guidance Counselor
• Political Analyst
A ES ( A rtistic , E nterp risin g , S oc ial)
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STI SCOPE

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PROGRAMS
• Engineering programs
• Medical Programs
• BS Architecture
• BS Biology
• BS Mathematics
• STEM
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
• Computer Engineer
• Biologist
• Systems Analyst
• Civil Engineer
• Architect
• Dentist
• Mathematician
R IS ( Realistic , Investigative, S oc ial)
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STI SCOPE