Macromolecules

1. Carbohydrates & Lipids
Structure and Function of Key Macromolecules
September 11, 2024

2. Objective:
Students will learn the structure and function of
carbohydrates and lipids.

3. Essential Question:
How do carbohydrates and lipids contribute to the
functioning of living organisms?

4. Do Now:
Instructions: Take 3 minutes to write down your thoughts, and be prepared to share.
● Question: What foods do you eat that contain
carbohydrates?

5. Carbohydrates
What is a carb?
● Carbohydrates are organic
molecules made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
● Monomer: Monosaccharides
(simple sugars like glucose,
fructose).
● Functions: Energy source, structural
support in plants (cellulose).

6. Types of Carbohydrates

7. Monosaccharides:
Single sugar molecules (glucose,
fructose).

8. Disaccharides:
Two monosaccharides linked (sucrose, lactose).

9. Polysaccharides
Long chains of monosaccharides (starch, glycogen,
cellulose).

10. Carb Function
● Energy: Glucose is a primary energy source.
● Storage: Starch (plants) and glycogen (animals).
● Structure: Cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi/insects.

11. Lipids
● Lipids are hydrophobic molecules that include fats, oils, phospholipids, and
steroids.
● Structure:Fatty acids and glycerol (in fats/oils), or a backbone with a polar
head group (in phospholipids)
● Functions: Energy storage, insulation, cell membrane structure.

12. Types of Lipids

13. Fats (Triglycerides):
Energy storage, insulation.

14. Phospholipids
Make up cell membranes.

15. Steroids
Hormones like cholesterol, regulate processes in the
body.

16. Lipids Function
● Energy Storage: More energy per gram than carbohydrates.
● Cell Structure: Phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes.
● Insulation and Protection: Fat cushions organs and insulates
the body.

17. Carbs Vs Lipids

18. You Do