- Nutrients can affect hormone levels like insulin, which determines if calories are used for energy or stored as fat. High insulin levels are caused by sugars and can increase health risks like heart disease.
- While complex carbohydrates like starches were thought to be healthier than sugars due to slower absorption, the glycemic index shows many complex carbs spike blood glucose as much as or more than sugars.
- Recommended daily intakes of complex carbs may have similar negative health effects to eating 200-400g of sugar due to their impacts on insulin and other hormones. Healthy fats may be a better main energy source if carb intake and insulin levels are controlled.
Sports Nutrition is a very crucial aspect in the training of athletes and many research papers are coming out everyday to support theories on the same. Therefore, here I present to you my slides on effect of fasting and fat ingestion in athletes.
The human body is a complex machine with lots of mechanisms. but unlike a machine, once it breaks down, it is very difficult to repair it. Throughout the years, there are many ailments which has made its way to affect the human body, but here I am going to discuss one such ailment which has a high prevalence rate in the world population. Thus here I present my slides of Liver Cirrhosis, its etiology, symptoms, and most importantly how to reverse it in terms of dietary route. Hope it is clear and helps you in getting a clear knowledge of the whole concept.
This document discusses nutritional considerations for people living with HIV/AIDS. It notes that while antiretroviral therapy can control the destruction of lean body tissue caused by HIV, some patients may experience fat accumulation, increased lipids, and insulin resistance after starting treatment. The document suggests following a diet high in fiber, proteins, and fats can help minimize metabolic disorders. It emphasizes choosing carbohydrates from whole, fiber-rich sources and combining carbohydrates with proteins, fiber and fats at meals to help control blood sugar and insulin levels. Maintaining the proper balance and sources of fats, proteins and carbohydrates is important for health, immune function and body composition for those living with HIV/AIDS.
This document discusses macronutrients and their effects on obesity. It defines macronutrients as nutrients required in large amounts to provide energy, including carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Obesity is defined as excess body fat using body mass index. The document explores how different macronutrients like dietary fat, carbohydrates, fiber and protein can impact energy balance and risk of obesity, with high fat diets and refined carbohydrates linked to greater weight gain. Fiber is found to promote satiety and protect against obesity. The conclusion states that a low energy density diet low in fat can reduce calorie intake and obesity prevalence.
This document provides an overview of carbohydrates and lactose intolerance. It defines carbohydrates and describes the different types including sugars, starches, and fiber. It discusses the roles of carbohydrates in the body including energy supply, sparing protein, and glycogen storage. Symptoms, causes, and tests for diagnosing lactose intolerance are summarized. Management strategies like avoiding dairy and using alternative milks are also covered at a high level.
EFFECTS IN LACK OF PROTEIN INTAKE IN HUMAN BODY KayeMangubat22
1. This study examines the effects of inadequate protein intake in humans, finding it can lead to lean body mass loss and increased health risks like muscle wasting.
2. Adequate protein intake is important for weight regulation through increased satiety and thermogenesis, preserving lean body mass during weight loss.
3. Short-term inadequate protein intake in older adults can increase health risks like muscle wasting and metabolic issues.
The document provides an overview of nutrition, including definitions, terminology, nutrients, factors affecting nutritional needs, types of diets served in hospitals, altered nutrition like malnutrition, and components of a nutritional assessment. It defines nutrition as the process of providing food for health and growth. Key terms are explained, major nutrients listed, and factors influencing nutritional needs described, such as development, gender, beliefs, and health status. Special diets and malnutrition are also outlined. Nutritional assessment involves anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary evaluations.
The document provides an overview of dietary guidelines and recommendations for women's nutrition. It discusses recommendations for macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Key areas covered include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, calcium, iron and other nutrient needs during different life stages like pregnancy, menopause, and aging. Lifestyle factors like physical activity, weight management and food choices are also addressed in the context of women's health and nutrition.
Sports Nutrition is a very crucial aspect in the training of athletes and many research papers are coming out everyday to support theories on the same. Therefore, here I present to you my slides on effect of fasting and fat ingestion in athletes.
The human body is a complex machine with lots of mechanisms. but unlike a machine, once it breaks down, it is very difficult to repair it. Throughout the years, there are many ailments which has made its way to affect the human body, but here I am going to discuss one such ailment which has a high prevalence rate in the world population. Thus here I present my slides of Liver Cirrhosis, its etiology, symptoms, and most importantly how to reverse it in terms of dietary route. Hope it is clear and helps you in getting a clear knowledge of the whole concept.
This document discusses nutritional considerations for people living with HIV/AIDS. It notes that while antiretroviral therapy can control the destruction of lean body tissue caused by HIV, some patients may experience fat accumulation, increased lipids, and insulin resistance after starting treatment. The document suggests following a diet high in fiber, proteins, and fats can help minimize metabolic disorders. It emphasizes choosing carbohydrates from whole, fiber-rich sources and combining carbohydrates with proteins, fiber and fats at meals to help control blood sugar and insulin levels. Maintaining the proper balance and sources of fats, proteins and carbohydrates is important for health, immune function and body composition for those living with HIV/AIDS.
This document discusses macronutrients and their effects on obesity. It defines macronutrients as nutrients required in large amounts to provide energy, including carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Obesity is defined as excess body fat using body mass index. The document explores how different macronutrients like dietary fat, carbohydrates, fiber and protein can impact energy balance and risk of obesity, with high fat diets and refined carbohydrates linked to greater weight gain. Fiber is found to promote satiety and protect against obesity. The conclusion states that a low energy density diet low in fat can reduce calorie intake and obesity prevalence.
This document provides an overview of carbohydrates and lactose intolerance. It defines carbohydrates and describes the different types including sugars, starches, and fiber. It discusses the roles of carbohydrates in the body including energy supply, sparing protein, and glycogen storage. Symptoms, causes, and tests for diagnosing lactose intolerance are summarized. Management strategies like avoiding dairy and using alternative milks are also covered at a high level.
EFFECTS IN LACK OF PROTEIN INTAKE IN HUMAN BODY KayeMangubat22
1. This study examines the effects of inadequate protein intake in humans, finding it can lead to lean body mass loss and increased health risks like muscle wasting.
2. Adequate protein intake is important for weight regulation through increased satiety and thermogenesis, preserving lean body mass during weight loss.
3. Short-term inadequate protein intake in older adults can increase health risks like muscle wasting and metabolic issues.
The document provides an overview of nutrition, including definitions, terminology, nutrients, factors affecting nutritional needs, types of diets served in hospitals, altered nutrition like malnutrition, and components of a nutritional assessment. It defines nutrition as the process of providing food for health and growth. Key terms are explained, major nutrients listed, and factors influencing nutritional needs described, such as development, gender, beliefs, and health status. Special diets and malnutrition are also outlined. Nutritional assessment involves anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary evaluations.
The document provides an overview of dietary guidelines and recommendations for women's nutrition. It discusses recommendations for macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Key areas covered include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, calcium, iron and other nutrient needs during different life stages like pregnancy, menopause, and aging. Lifestyle factors like physical activity, weight management and food choices are also addressed in the context of women's health and nutrition.
The document discusses nutrition, diet therapy, and malnutrition. It defines nutrition as the study of food and how the body uses it. It also defines malnutrition as an imbalance in the body caused by a lack or excess of nutrients. The document identifies several forms of malnutrition including undernutrition, overnutrition, specific deficiencies, and imbalance. It also discusses protein deficiency and the conditions of kwashiorkor and marasmus which can result from inadequate protein intake. The causes and effects of malnutrition in the Philippines are outlined along with factors that influence food production, distribution, and utilization.
Ketogenic diet. The Keto Diet Is a High Fat, Moderate Protein And Low Carbohydrate Diet. Ketogenic diet. Try the World’s Most Popular Keto Meal Plans, Recipes and Programs. Intermittent Fasting Plan. Online Weight Loss Plan. Keto Meal Plan. Vegetarian/Vegan Diet.
The document discusses starvation and obesity. It summarizes that during fasting, the liver increases gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation while also producing ketone bodies. The adipose tissue increases breakdown of triglycerides, releasing fatty acids. The brain and skeletal muscles use ketone bodies and fatty acids for fuel. Long-term, the kidney also contributes to gluconeogenesis. Obesity is influenced by genetics and environment and assessed by BMI, fat distribution patterns, and number of fat cells. Metabolic changes in obesity include dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and an increased health risk.
This document discusses several nutritional diseases and conditions, including obesity, starvation, and protein-energy malnutrition. Obesity results from consuming more calories than are expended, and is defined as having a body weight over 20% of ideal weight. Starvation occurs when there is an overall deprivation of nutrients, causing the body to break down protein and fat stores. Protein-energy malnutrition develops from inadequate protein and calorie intake, and can manifest as kwashiorkor (related to protein deficiency) or marasmus (overall calorie deficiency in infants).
- 65% of adults are overweight and 30% of the total US population is obese according to the document.
- Basal metabolism accounts for 60-70% of total daily energy needs and is influenced by various factors like body composition, gender, age.
- Physical activity increases energy expenditure while lack of activity is a major cause of obesity.
- Behavior modification techniques like self-monitoring and stimulus control can help with long-term weight management.
the obesity and nutrition biochemistry,Lecture no 6muti ullah
Obesity is an excess accumulation of body fat that results from consuming more calories than burned. It increases the risk of diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and liver disease. Body mass index (BMI) is used to measure obesity, with a BMI over 30 indicating obesity. Obesity can be endogenous from genetic or hormonal factors, or exogenous from overeating and lack of exercise. Weight loss treatments include diet, exercise, pharmacological aids like Orlistat that block fat absorption, and sometimes surgery for severe obesity.
Today, the ketogenic diet is the world's fastest growing diet, and with good reason. When practiced correctly, it has been proven to burn fat, reduce inflammation, fight cancer, balance hormones and gut bacteria, improve neurological diseases, and even increase lifespan. Unfortunately, many people remain unaware of several key factors that are crucial to the diet's success, setting them up for frustration, failure, and relapse.
Intermittent fasting is an Interventional strategy where in individuals are subjected to varying periods of fasting.
It doesn’t specify which foods you should eat but rather when you should eat them.
Intermittent fasting (IF) is an eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating.
It’s currently very popular in the health and fitness community.
Recently attracted attention because:
1- Its Evidence-Based Health Benefits
2- Its potential for correcting metabolic Abnormalities
3- Better adherence than other methods
This document discusses human nutrition and energy from food. It explains that energy comes from fats, carbohydrates, and proteins which are metabolized to power cell respiration. Staple foods that supply energy vary by culture and region depending on availability. Fats contain the most energy per gram, followed by carbohydrates then proteins. The type and amount of carbohydrates and fats consumed can impact health and risk of diseases like diabetes or obesity. Protein is only used for energy in excess of carbohydrate and fat intake.
This document discusses macro and micronutrients toxicity. It defines key terms like nutrients, toxicity, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, and nutrients toxicity. It provides the tolerable upper intake levels for various macro and micronutrients. It then discusses the toxicity effects of excess consumption of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. It provides examples of studies that show links between high intake of certain nutrients and increased risk of conditions like diabetes, dental caries, atherosclerosis, cancer, and more. The document concludes with a discussion of toxicity effects of excess vitamins from the B complex group.
AHS13 Colin Champ — Intermittent Fasting and Carbohydrate Restriction in Canc...Ancestral Health Society
Dietary manipulation, including intermittent fasting, carbohydrate restriction, and ketogenic diets, all ancestral in etiology, appear to increase the efficacy of radiation therapy for cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical trials. Clinical trials incorporating such dietary manipulation are necessary.
Nutritional requirements of exercise (Macronutrients)Ramya Aravind
This document discusses the nutritional requirements of macronutrients for exercise. It states that calorie intake should support energy expenditure and maintain health. Carbohydrate intake should be 50-70% of calories for moderate to high training, with protein at 10-15% and fat at 20-30%. Adequate carbohydrate is especially important before, during, and after exercise to replenish glycogen stores and support performance. Protein requirements are modestly increased for strength and recovery. Fat provides energy for light exercise but high fat diets limit carbohydrate use.
The ketogenic diet was initially developed in the 1920s to mimic the metabolic effects of fasting for treating epilepsy. It has since shown benefits for a variety of metabolic, oncologic, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders through mechanisms like improving mitochondrial function and ATP production. Common indications for the ketogenic diet include epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, autism, and depression. Side effects can include low-level acidosis, constipation, and nutrient deficiencies.
Dozens of diet plans on the market. everybody search for diets offering a way to reduce without accompanying cravings, hunger pangs, or need for heavy exertion.
The document provides information about the ketogenic diet, including its benefits and foods to eat and avoid on the diet. The ketogenic diet involves eating a high-fat, moderate-protein, and low-carb diet in order to induce a state of ketosis, where the body burns fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. The document lists many health benefits of the ketogenic diet and provides detailed lists of foods in various categories to eat on the diet, such as proteins, fats, vegetables, dairy and beverages. It also lists common foods and ingredients to avoid in order to achieve optimal ketosis. Finally, it discusses some tips for getting into ketosis faster and common mistakes for people to avoid when starting the ket
This document provides an overview of energy balance and weight control. It discusses factors that influence basal metabolism and physical activity, and how they impact energy needs and expenditure. The document estimates calorie needs and defines healthy versus unhealthy body weights using BMI. It also examines causes of obesity and strategies for successful weight loss and maintenance through calorie control, physical activity, and behavior modification.
This document discusses diabetes mellitus and provides information on different types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. It covers the causes, symptoms, and treatment goals for each type. The document also discusses dietary recommendations for diabetes, including macronutrient distribution, use of carbohydrate counting and exchange lists, glycemic index of foods, and fiber and sodium intake. Recommendations are provided separately for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
The keto diet is a low carb, high fat diet that puts the body into a metabolic state called ketosis. It involves drastically reducing carb intake and replacing it with fat to lower blood sugar and insulin levels and shift metabolism away from carbs and toward fat and ketones. Several versions of the keto diet exist, but the standard version is the most researched and recommended. Entering ketosis requires limiting carbs to 20-50g per day through diet and intermittent fasting. Potential benefits include weight loss, improved blood sugar control for diabetes, reduced risk factors for heart disease and cancer, and better management of neurological conditions like epilepsy.
The document summarizes the Ideal Protein Weight Loss Method. It was developed over 25 years ago in France and has been successfully used in Canada for 9 years. The method is a medically designed protocol that results in rapid fat loss while sparing muscle mass. It works by keeping protein intake at a minimum daily requirement to spare muscle, severely limiting carbohydrates to 30g per day to force the body into fat-burning ketosis, and eliminating most fats except essential fatty acids. This protocol targets fat loss specifically. It uses a variety of high protein foods and supplements to build complete low-carb meals while dieters consume non-starchy vegetables and salads for fiber. The method is effective for metabolic syndrome issues
Obesity is rising globally despite increased knowledge about diet and exercise. Risks include heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some cancers. Factors causing obesity include an evolutionary tendency to efficiently store calories combined with current low activity, high calorie diets. Appetite is regulated by hormones that signal fullness or hunger. Gut hormones like GLP-1 and leptin help regulate food intake while ghrelin stimulates appetite. Adipose tissue also secretes hormones that impact metabolism.
This document discusses the potential metabolic effects of three aspects of nutrition: saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, and overeating. It reviews research on how each can contribute to conditions like metabolic syndrome. Saturated fats may increase risk when consumed in excess, though their effects are complex and inconsistent in studies. Refined carbohydrates are easily digested, causing blood sugar and insulin spikes that can lead to fat storage and insulin resistance over time. Overeating stresses the body's ability to process nutrients, increasing fat storage regardless of diet composition. Managing total calorie intake and choosing whole, complex carbohydrates and unsaturated fats may help support metabolic health.
The document discusses nutrition, diet therapy, and malnutrition. It defines nutrition as the study of food and how the body uses it. It also defines malnutrition as an imbalance in the body caused by a lack or excess of nutrients. The document identifies several forms of malnutrition including undernutrition, overnutrition, specific deficiencies, and imbalance. It also discusses protein deficiency and the conditions of kwashiorkor and marasmus which can result from inadequate protein intake. The causes and effects of malnutrition in the Philippines are outlined along with factors that influence food production, distribution, and utilization.
Ketogenic diet. The Keto Diet Is a High Fat, Moderate Protein And Low Carbohydrate Diet. Ketogenic diet. Try the World’s Most Popular Keto Meal Plans, Recipes and Programs. Intermittent Fasting Plan. Online Weight Loss Plan. Keto Meal Plan. Vegetarian/Vegan Diet.
The document discusses starvation and obesity. It summarizes that during fasting, the liver increases gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation while also producing ketone bodies. The adipose tissue increases breakdown of triglycerides, releasing fatty acids. The brain and skeletal muscles use ketone bodies and fatty acids for fuel. Long-term, the kidney also contributes to gluconeogenesis. Obesity is influenced by genetics and environment and assessed by BMI, fat distribution patterns, and number of fat cells. Metabolic changes in obesity include dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and an increased health risk.
This document discusses several nutritional diseases and conditions, including obesity, starvation, and protein-energy malnutrition. Obesity results from consuming more calories than are expended, and is defined as having a body weight over 20% of ideal weight. Starvation occurs when there is an overall deprivation of nutrients, causing the body to break down protein and fat stores. Protein-energy malnutrition develops from inadequate protein and calorie intake, and can manifest as kwashiorkor (related to protein deficiency) or marasmus (overall calorie deficiency in infants).
- 65% of adults are overweight and 30% of the total US population is obese according to the document.
- Basal metabolism accounts for 60-70% of total daily energy needs and is influenced by various factors like body composition, gender, age.
- Physical activity increases energy expenditure while lack of activity is a major cause of obesity.
- Behavior modification techniques like self-monitoring and stimulus control can help with long-term weight management.
the obesity and nutrition biochemistry,Lecture no 6muti ullah
Obesity is an excess accumulation of body fat that results from consuming more calories than burned. It increases the risk of diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and liver disease. Body mass index (BMI) is used to measure obesity, with a BMI over 30 indicating obesity. Obesity can be endogenous from genetic or hormonal factors, or exogenous from overeating and lack of exercise. Weight loss treatments include diet, exercise, pharmacological aids like Orlistat that block fat absorption, and sometimes surgery for severe obesity.
Today, the ketogenic diet is the world's fastest growing diet, and with good reason. When practiced correctly, it has been proven to burn fat, reduce inflammation, fight cancer, balance hormones and gut bacteria, improve neurological diseases, and even increase lifespan. Unfortunately, many people remain unaware of several key factors that are crucial to the diet's success, setting them up for frustration, failure, and relapse.
Intermittent fasting is an Interventional strategy where in individuals are subjected to varying periods of fasting.
It doesn’t specify which foods you should eat but rather when you should eat them.
Intermittent fasting (IF) is an eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating.
It’s currently very popular in the health and fitness community.
Recently attracted attention because:
1- Its Evidence-Based Health Benefits
2- Its potential for correcting metabolic Abnormalities
3- Better adherence than other methods
This document discusses human nutrition and energy from food. It explains that energy comes from fats, carbohydrates, and proteins which are metabolized to power cell respiration. Staple foods that supply energy vary by culture and region depending on availability. Fats contain the most energy per gram, followed by carbohydrates then proteins. The type and amount of carbohydrates and fats consumed can impact health and risk of diseases like diabetes or obesity. Protein is only used for energy in excess of carbohydrate and fat intake.
This document discusses macro and micronutrients toxicity. It defines key terms like nutrients, toxicity, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, and nutrients toxicity. It provides the tolerable upper intake levels for various macro and micronutrients. It then discusses the toxicity effects of excess consumption of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. It provides examples of studies that show links between high intake of certain nutrients and increased risk of conditions like diabetes, dental caries, atherosclerosis, cancer, and more. The document concludes with a discussion of toxicity effects of excess vitamins from the B complex group.
AHS13 Colin Champ — Intermittent Fasting and Carbohydrate Restriction in Canc...Ancestral Health Society
Dietary manipulation, including intermittent fasting, carbohydrate restriction, and ketogenic diets, all ancestral in etiology, appear to increase the efficacy of radiation therapy for cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical trials. Clinical trials incorporating such dietary manipulation are necessary.
Nutritional requirements of exercise (Macronutrients)Ramya Aravind
This document discusses the nutritional requirements of macronutrients for exercise. It states that calorie intake should support energy expenditure and maintain health. Carbohydrate intake should be 50-70% of calories for moderate to high training, with protein at 10-15% and fat at 20-30%. Adequate carbohydrate is especially important before, during, and after exercise to replenish glycogen stores and support performance. Protein requirements are modestly increased for strength and recovery. Fat provides energy for light exercise but high fat diets limit carbohydrate use.
The ketogenic diet was initially developed in the 1920s to mimic the metabolic effects of fasting for treating epilepsy. It has since shown benefits for a variety of metabolic, oncologic, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders through mechanisms like improving mitochondrial function and ATP production. Common indications for the ketogenic diet include epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, autism, and depression. Side effects can include low-level acidosis, constipation, and nutrient deficiencies.
Dozens of diet plans on the market. everybody search for diets offering a way to reduce without accompanying cravings, hunger pangs, or need for heavy exertion.
The document provides information about the ketogenic diet, including its benefits and foods to eat and avoid on the diet. The ketogenic diet involves eating a high-fat, moderate-protein, and low-carb diet in order to induce a state of ketosis, where the body burns fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. The document lists many health benefits of the ketogenic diet and provides detailed lists of foods in various categories to eat on the diet, such as proteins, fats, vegetables, dairy and beverages. It also lists common foods and ingredients to avoid in order to achieve optimal ketosis. Finally, it discusses some tips for getting into ketosis faster and common mistakes for people to avoid when starting the ket
This document provides an overview of energy balance and weight control. It discusses factors that influence basal metabolism and physical activity, and how they impact energy needs and expenditure. The document estimates calorie needs and defines healthy versus unhealthy body weights using BMI. It also examines causes of obesity and strategies for successful weight loss and maintenance through calorie control, physical activity, and behavior modification.
This document discusses diabetes mellitus and provides information on different types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. It covers the causes, symptoms, and treatment goals for each type. The document also discusses dietary recommendations for diabetes, including macronutrient distribution, use of carbohydrate counting and exchange lists, glycemic index of foods, and fiber and sodium intake. Recommendations are provided separately for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
The keto diet is a low carb, high fat diet that puts the body into a metabolic state called ketosis. It involves drastically reducing carb intake and replacing it with fat to lower blood sugar and insulin levels and shift metabolism away from carbs and toward fat and ketones. Several versions of the keto diet exist, but the standard version is the most researched and recommended. Entering ketosis requires limiting carbs to 20-50g per day through diet and intermittent fasting. Potential benefits include weight loss, improved blood sugar control for diabetes, reduced risk factors for heart disease and cancer, and better management of neurological conditions like epilepsy.
The document summarizes the Ideal Protein Weight Loss Method. It was developed over 25 years ago in France and has been successfully used in Canada for 9 years. The method is a medically designed protocol that results in rapid fat loss while sparing muscle mass. It works by keeping protein intake at a minimum daily requirement to spare muscle, severely limiting carbohydrates to 30g per day to force the body into fat-burning ketosis, and eliminating most fats except essential fatty acids. This protocol targets fat loss specifically. It uses a variety of high protein foods and supplements to build complete low-carb meals while dieters consume non-starchy vegetables and salads for fiber. The method is effective for metabolic syndrome issues
Obesity is rising globally despite increased knowledge about diet and exercise. Risks include heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some cancers. Factors causing obesity include an evolutionary tendency to efficiently store calories combined with current low activity, high calorie diets. Appetite is regulated by hormones that signal fullness or hunger. Gut hormones like GLP-1 and leptin help regulate food intake while ghrelin stimulates appetite. Adipose tissue also secretes hormones that impact metabolism.
This document discusses the potential metabolic effects of three aspects of nutrition: saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, and overeating. It reviews research on how each can contribute to conditions like metabolic syndrome. Saturated fats may increase risk when consumed in excess, though their effects are complex and inconsistent in studies. Refined carbohydrates are easily digested, causing blood sugar and insulin spikes that can lead to fat storage and insulin resistance over time. Overeating stresses the body's ability to process nutrients, increasing fat storage regardless of diet composition. Managing total calorie intake and choosing whole, complex carbohydrates and unsaturated fats may help support metabolic health.
The document discusses several topics related to management and eating disorders:
1. Obesity is defined as excessive body fat that threatens health, with overweight defined as a BMI of 25-29.9 and obesity as a BMI over 30. Central obesity increases risks of diabetes and heart disease. Genetics and environmental factors like diet and activity level contribute to obesity.
2. Anorexia nervosa requires restoring normal nutrition, preventing muscle/bone loss, and gradually gaining weight through increased calorie intake alongside psychological treatment. Bulimia nervosa involves binge eating and purging that can cause electrolyte imbalances and other health issues.
3. Diabetes management focuses on maintaining blood glucose levels, reducing complications through
This document summarizes recent research on anti-obesity herbs. It discusses the global rise in obesity and reviews potential herb-based treatments. The summary is:
Obesity is a growing global epidemic influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Herbal remedies may provide effective and safe treatments by reducing appetite, blocking nutrient absorption, increasing thermogenesis, or modulating fat metabolism. The document reviews the mechanisms and classification of obesity and evaluates herbs from Ayurvedic medicine that may help treat obesity and its related health issues.
The document discusses obesity, diabetes, and the Mediterranean diet. It defines obesity using BMI and describes the increasing rates of obesity in the US. It explains that obesity develops from an energy imbalance where intake exceeds expenditure. The risks of diseases like diabetes and heart disease rise with increasing BMI. Diabetes is classified into types 1 and 2 and criteria for diagnosis are provided. The roles of insulin and glucagon in glucose homeostasis are outlined. Guidelines for the Mediterranean diet emphasize plant foods, olive oil, fish and limits on red meat and sweets.
The document discusses obesity, diabetes, and the Mediterranean diet. It defines obesity using BMI and describes the increasing rates of obesity in the US. It explains that obesity develops from an energy imbalance where intake exceeds expenditure. The risks of diseases like diabetes and heart disease rise with increasing BMI. Diabetes is classified into types 1 and 2 and criteria for diagnosis are provided. The roles of insulin and glucagon in glucose homeostasis are outlined. Guidelines for the Mediterranean diet emphasize plant foods, olive oil, fish and limits on red meat and sweets.
Protein malnutrition, also referred to as protein deficiency, is a condition that occurs when an individual's diet lacks an adequate amount of protein, leading to various negative health consequences. This form of malnutrition can manifest in different ways, with two distinct clinical presentations known as kwashiorkor and marasmus.
Kwashiorkor is a severe form of protein malnutrition often seen in children. It occurs when there is a deficiency of high-quality protein in the diet, despite an adequate caloric intake. The lack of protein results in a disruption of important physiological processes, leading to various symptoms and complications. Common signs of kwashiorkor include edema, which is the accumulation of fluid in tissues, particularly in the legs, feet, and face. Additionally, individuals with kwashiorkor may experience muscle wasting, growth stunting, and impaired immune function. Other symptoms can include thinning hair, brittle nails, poor wound healing, fatigue, and anemia.
Marasmus, on the other hand, is a form of protein-energy malnutrition that occurs when there is a severe deficiency in overall calorie intake, including both protein and energy. Unlike kwashiorkor, individuals with marasmus experience significant weight loss and muscle wasting. The body enters a state of extreme catabolism, breaking down muscle tissue to meet energy needs. The characteristic appearance of marasmus includes a "skin and bones" appearance, with prominent ribs, thin limbs, and a lack of subcutaneous fat.
Protein is essential for the growth, development, and maintenance of various body tissues, including muscles, organs, and the immune system. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies, and is involved in numerous biochemical processes. Inadequate protein intake deprives the body of these vital functions, leading to the manifestations seen in protein malnutrition.
Protein malnutrition is often associated with poor dietary diversity, limited access to quality protein sources, and socio-economic factors such as poverty, famine, and humanitarian crises. Vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly, are particularly at risk. In children, inadequate protein intake during critical growth periods can result in long-term consequences, affecting physical and cognitive development.
Diagnosis of protein malnutrition involves a comprehensive assessment of dietary history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests. Medical professionals evaluate the presence of characteristic signs and symptoms, such as edema or muscle wasting, to determine the severity and type of malnutrition. Blood tests may reveal abnormal levels of proteins and other nutrients, further aiding in diagnosis and treatment planning.
The treatment of protein malnutrition involves nutritional rehabilitation, addressing both the underlying protein deficiency and overall energy intake.
Table of Contents
1. Meaning, Definitions, Concepts and Causes of Obesity
2. Eating Disorders and Health Risks Associated with Obesity
3. Assessment of Obesity
The paleo diet is based on foods similar to what humans ate during the Paleolithic era, from 2.5 million to 10,000 years ago. It limits foods that became common with the emergence of farming around 10,000 years ago. Proponents believe this addresses modern health issues by emulating pre-agricultural human diets, as our genetics have changed little. The paleo diet is low glycemic, high protein, and emphasizes omega-3 fats. It aims to improve nutrient ratios and eliminate anti-nutrients from grains. Research suggests the paleo diet may provide benefits like weight loss and disease control, though more studies are needed.
Carbohydrates are nutrients that provide energy. They come in three main forms - sugars, starches, and fiber. Sugars and starches are broken down into glucose which raises blood sugar levels. For people with diabetes, blood sugar control is important. While carbs raise blood sugar, they can still be part of a healthy diet if choices are made carefully. Complex carbs like whole grains and fruits raise blood sugar more slowly than simple carbs like candy. The glycemic index measures how foods affect blood sugar levels, with low GI foods being healthier choices.
This document discusses nutrition and defines key nutrition concepts. It begins by defining nutrition and listing learning objectives related to defining important nutrients, balanced diets, and dietary reference intake. It then discusses the types of nutrients including major nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and minor nutrients like vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber. It also defines balanced diets and explains their energy requirements. Finally, it discusses dietary reference intake guidelines and how nutrition relates to health conditions and disease.
This document discusses nutrition therapy for diseases of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. It notes that these organs play an important role in digestion and absorption. Problems with these organs can significantly impact digestion and absorption. A low-fat diet is often recommended to reduce the workload of these organs. It then discusses a specific fruity juice product that is nutritionally incomplete but provides calories, protein, carbohydrates and no fat, making it suitable for malnutrition or risk of malnutrition in patients with diseases of these organs who need to follow a reduced-fat diet.
The document discusses nutrition therapy for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It explains that diet can help treat gastrointestinal conditions by affecting nutrient composition and gastrointestinal motility and function. Therapeutic diets for gastrointestinal disorders include bland diets, elemental diets, and high-fiber diets. Peptic ulcer is discussed as an example, noting that diet therapy is important in treating and preventing this condition through balancing aggressive and protective gastric mucosa factors.
The global prevalence of overweight and obesity as a public health concern is well established and reflects the overall lack of success in our ability to achieve and maintain healthy body weight. Being overweight and obese is associated with numerous comorbidities and is a risk factor for several of the leading causes of death, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and many types of cancer.
The foundation of treatment has been diet and exercise.
This document discusses carbohydrate, lipid, and protein macronutrients. It provides details on carbohydrate types including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. It also discusses glycogen storage and the role of carbohydrates in exercise. For lipids, it describes fatty acid types and lipoprotein transport. It discusses cholesterol and the roles of lipids in the body. Finally, it summarizes carbohydrate and lipid use during different intensities of exercise.
This document provides an overview of low-carb dieting, including:
1) A brief history starting with William Banting's 1864 pamphlet on his low-carb diet plan that helped him lose 50 pounds.
2) Explanations of the basic science behind carbohydrates and low-carb diets, defining terms like simple vs complex carbs.
3) An outline of the typical phases and food choices of popular modern low-carb diets like Atkins and South Beach.
To help with weight issues and for overall improved health, many people turn to diets. In fact, government statistics show that while about 65 percent of Americans are overweight, 38 percent are actually doing something about it. And according to a recent survey by the National Health Institute, about a third of
overweight Americans who are trying to lose weight, are doing so by eating less carbohydrates (carbs) largely because of the increased popularity of fad diets like Atkins Diet and the South Beach Diet.
Here are some other terms to help explain the science and health issues behind low-carbohydrate dietary planning solutions. Note these are only basic definitions and can be explored at your leisure through other resources to further define their roles in the body’s health system.
The document discusses homeostasis and how the body maintains a balanced internal environment. It specifically focuses on blood glucose levels and how hormones like insulin and glucagon work to regulate glucose. When blood glucose levels are too high, it can lead to diabetes. The document also discusses balanced diets, malnutrition from undernutrition or overnutrition, and different diet types like vegetarianism and sports diets.
Similar to Carbohydrates intake for a healthy diet (20)
1. MOJ Food Processing & Technology
Carbohydrates Intake for a Healthy Diet
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Abbreviations: GI: Glycemic Index; g: grams; EPA:
Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Introduction
Nutritional sciences are dramatically evolving. The effects of
foods and nutrients on hormones have a great importance and
relevance, and have to be considered while designing dietary
guidelines for healthy eating. Hormones are able to determine
the destiny of ingested calories and nutrients, including whether
they have to be oxidized as energy or stored as deposit. Insulin is
one of the most relevant hormones responding to ingested food,
especially in regard to fat metabolism. It has a powerful lipogenic
and antilipolytic effect in human adipose tissue. High insulin
levels might also be detrimental on health, especially under a
cardiovascular point of view. Indeed, insulin spikes can increase
the levels of endogenous cholesterol, and of cellular mediators
causing inflammation, blood coagulation, vasoconstriction,
autoimmune reactions, and asthma. High insulin spikes are
caused by dietary sugars. Furthermore, sugars also damage the
vascular endothelium and deplete its nitric oxide levels. Complex
carbohydrates, mainly starches from grains, have always been
recommended as main energy source of the diet, in amounts 5
to 30 times higher than sucrose, even though they are nutrients
of the same type, which is pure carbohydrates containing neither
fats nor cholesterol. This occurred because of a presumed
slower absorption speed of starch. However, the assessment of
the glycemic index of foods showed that they exert at least the
same impact on blood glucose as sucrose does, even higher in
many cases. The usually recommended daily intake of complex
carbohydrates might have similar effects on the body as those
associated with the ingestion of 200 g to 400 g of sucrose every
day. Healthy fatty acids might be the best energy source for the
body, provided a strict control on carbohydrates ingestion and
blood insulin levels.
Hormones
Nutrients can affect the levels of important hormones, such
as glucagon, insulin, cortisol, etc. Hormones can determine the
destiny of nutrients and calories ingested with food, affecting
their oxidation into energy or accumulation. Furthermore, a single
hormone, such as insulin, can affect the levels of several other
hormones and cellular mediators, causing a cascade of effects
in the body. It is important to consider these effects in order to
determine the recommended daily intakes of nutrients.
Calcium and bones
Calcium is a clear example of nutrient whose storage in the
bones is determined by hormones. Calcitonin, parathormone, and
vitamin D are hormones that regulate blood levels, bone release
and storage of calcium. A severe lack of vitamin D could decrease
bone density independently of the dietary calcium intake. It
causes osteomalacia in adults and rickets in infants [2].
Volume 3 Issue 3 - 2016
1
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy (Alumnus)
2
Centennial College, Canada (Alumnus)
*Corresponding author: Nicola Di Pietro, Università
Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy, Email:
Received: December 30, 2015 | Published: December 30,
2016
Review Article
MOJ Food process Technol 2016, 3(3): 00076
Abstract
The science of nutrition is continuously evolving. For many decades the attention in
releasing dietary guidelines was focused mainly on calories and their distribution
among the three macronutrients: protein, carbohydrates and fats. Currently
nutritional sciences rely on a greater amount of findings and information,
including those about the effects of nutrients on genes’ expression and hormones,
and the increased importance of the wide variety of micronutrients contained in
fresh, whole, and natural foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and spices. For example,
Chowanadisai et al. [1] showed the remarkable ability of pyrroloquinoline
quinone to stimulate the mitochondrial biogenesis, and to positively modulate
gene expression. Foods and nutrients affect body composition and health not only
by supplying calories, but in many complex ways, including changes of several
hormones’ levels. For example, although sucrose does not contain any fat or
cholesterol, it is considered to be an unhealthy food, to be consumed in limited
amounts, because of its effects on insulin levels. Insulin spikes can impair health
and promote cardiovascular diseases by stimulating lipogenesis, increasing body
fat, triglycerides, and pro-inflammatory molecules. Starch sources, such as bread,
rice, and pasta, can increase blood glucose levels more than sucrose. Using starch
as the main dietary source of energy might represent a relevant pejorative factor
for human health and longevity, which could contribute to the development of
some of the most common chronic diseases. Healthy fats, on the contrary, might
be a better choice as main source of energy, provided carbohydrates and insulin
levels are kept under strict control.
Keywords: Carbohydrates; Fats; Glycemic index; Calories; Hormones;
Inflammation; Heart diseases; Cholesterol; Nutrition