SHORT NOTE ON CARBOHYDRATES

1. CARBOHYDRATES
Dr. V. RAMESH
Assistant Professor & Head In-Charge,
Department of Botany,
Vivekananda College,
Tiruvedakam West – 625 234
Madurai

2. Aldehyde – CHO
Ketone – C=O
Hydroxy – OH
Carboxyl - COOH
Derivatives of polyhydroxy aldehye or
ketone (CHOn)

3. EXAMPLES OF CARBOHYDRATES
 Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose
 Lactose, Starch , Cellulose etc…
Honey, Corns – Glucose
Sugarcane, Jaggery – Sucrose
Milk – Lactose
Cereals, Tubers and Roots – Starch
Wood & Paper – Cellulose
Fungal Cell Wall – Chitin
Bacterial Cell Wall – Peptidoglycon
Reserve Food Materials of Animal - Glycogen

6. DENTAL HEALTH

7. GETTING ACTIVE

9. Classification of Carbohydrates
Based on Complexity & Behavior
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Simple sugar
Oligosaccharides
2-10 sugar
Polysaccharides
More than 10 sugar
Trioses
Glyceraldehyde
C3H6O3
Tetroses
Erythrose
C4H8O4
Pentoses
Ribose, Ribulose
C5H10O5
Hexoses
Glucose,Fructose
C6H12O6
Heptoses
Sedaheptulose
C7H14O7
Disaccharides Trisaccharides
Sucrose, Maltose Raffinose
C12H22O11 C18H32O16
Tetrasaccharides
Stachyose
Pendasaccharides
Verbascose
HomoPolysaccharides
Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose
Chitin, Insulin
HeteroPolysaccharides
Petidoglycon, Agar Agar

10. MONOSACCHARIDES
Sweet Tasting, Crystalline and Soluble in water
Divided into trisoses, Tetroses, Pentoses, Hexoses & Heptoses

12. OLIGOSACCHARIDES
Can be Hydrolysized,
Sweet tasting & Crystalline Form
Soluble Sugars
Dived into

13. POLYSACCHARIDES
Can be hydrolyzed
Amorphous,
Tasteless
Non- Sugar
Insoluble in Water

14. Based on Structure
Based on Function or Role
Polysaccharides
1. Structural Polysaccharides
Chitin, Peptidoglycon, Cellulose etc
2. Storage polysaccharides
Starch, Inulin, Glycogen