This document describes the design and implementation of a capacitive sensing matrix keyboard using PSoC CapSense. Key points:
- The keyboard uses an 8x8 matrix of capacitive sensors connected to a PSoC microcontroller to detect key presses. Additional keys are directly connected.
- Firmware scans the matrix and direct keys, detects presses using row-column intersections, and sends output over USB HID.
- A two-sensor design for each key improves detection accuracy. The PCB, schematic, and firmware implementation are described.
- The keyboard presents as a standard USB HID keyboard to the PC. A demo project shows typing on the capacitive matrix keyboard.
1) The document describes a smart card based toll gate automated system using an 8051 microcontroller. It includes a block diagram of the system and descriptions of the main components.
2) The system uses a smart card reader interfaced to a microcontroller to read information from a smart card and deduct toll amounts. A keypad is used to enter amounts. An LCD displays statuses and prompts.
3) Simulation results show steps to create and simulate the project in Keil uVision software, including selecting device components, building the project, and adding source files.
This document discusses a smart card based toll gate automated system. It proposes using smart cards instead of cash to pay tolls. The system would use a microcontroller, smart card reader, LCD display and keypad. Drivers would recharge their smart cards with funds and insert their card at the toll gate, where the amount would be deducted. This avoids the need to carry cash and improves security. The system was simulated using Keil μVision software. It provides a block diagram of the system components and describes the roles of the microcontroller and MAX232 chip in interfacing with the smart card reader.
CapSense Capacitive Sensors Sigma Delta AlgorithmRuth Moore
Cypress' CapSense Sigma-Delta algorithm (CSD) uses switched capacitor circuitry and analog/digital components to convert changes in capacitance from a sensor electrode into a digital bit stream. The bit stream is analyzed to determine if a conductive object is present by measuring the change in counts over measurement windows. CSD modulates the sensor capacitance using a switched capacitor network and comparator to create a variable duty cycle bit stream. This enables low power capacitive sensing for touch interfaces.
The document discusses interfacing a 4x4 keypad with a microcontroller. It explains that a keypad works by conducting when a button is pressed. It then describes two methods for scanning the keypad as a matrix to determine which key is pressed. The first method grounds rows and columns individually and checks for input on the other pins. The second method grounds a single row pin and checks the column pins for input. Both allow determining the row and column of the pressed key.
In this project, you are required to get the Morse code signal with .docxmigdalialyle
In this project, you are required to get the Morse code signal with using a physical button connected to Arduino microcontroller. You will be capturing the button presses using your Arduino sketch. Button presses will be used for entering the Morse signal. Therefore, during the button presses, considering your gap durations (gap thresholds for letter input, the letters and words. Threshold selection is left to your choice), you will convert Morse signal to the corresponding character.
You will integrate a second button for controlling data transmission and playing back the Morse signal. When the button is pressed once, your Arduino sketch will be sending the converted text to the PC using serial communication until the last click of the first button. If you double click (Hint: You can differentiate one-click and double-click by using built-in millis() function in Arduino) the second button, you will play back the Morse signal by using external LED.
Task-1 (30 points)
• Draft and design your circuit for the entire hardware schematic. This will include two buttons, one LED.
• Implement your design. Show your wiring, used Pins for Arduino connection.
Task-2 (70 points)
Develop your Arduino sketch that gets the Morse signal with first button presses. The sketch will convert the signal to text. The converted text message and signal will be stored unless the second button is pressed. The second button press is for sending the converted text to the PC through the serial communication.
Remember that one click of the second button will be used for sending the text from Arduino to the PC (Once the button is pressed, send the text to PC and clear the input buffer that you use for storing the converted text in your Arduino sketch). If you double click the second button, you will play back the Morse signal that has been entered so far by turning on/off the LED. Pay attention to your gaps while turning on/off your LED.
Deliverables
You will design and develop an circuit and implement Arduino sketch. Sketch will deliver all the functionalities of the task-2 described above (Note that you will need to demonstrate your system and explain the code if needed). In addition to the demonstration, you are required to write a report in IEEE paper format that will have the following parts;
Abstract
• Brief summary of work done.
Introduction and Background
• Description of the problem and background information
• Motivation of using Arduino Microcontroller and information about Arduino (Do not copy- paste information. Use your own sentences).
System Architecture
• Description of hardware architecture such as your circuit design. Please include the circuit schematic such as wiring, connectivity to Arduino. You can use free software to easily create schematic.
• Description of the implementation of your Arduino Sketch; Please put your source code of your sketch in the Appendix not here.
Results
• The pictures of your final wired circuit..
This document discusses different encoding schemes and number systems used in computers. It begins by explaining how keyboard characters are mapped to binary codes that computers can understand. This is done through encoding schemes like ASCII and UNICODE which assign unique codes to characters. It then describes different number systems like decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal that are used to represent numbers in a format understood by computers and humans. Decimal uses base-10, binary uses base-2, octal uses base-8 and hexadecimal uses base-16.
The document discusses various input and output devices used with computers. It describes keyboards, mice, and printers. Specifically, it details the different types of keyboards such as mechanical, membrane, and buckling spring keyboards. It explains how keyboards, mice, and printers work and connect to the computer. It also covers the various types of mice, printers, and technologies used in each such as dot matrix, inkjet, and laser printers.
The document lists and describes various common computer input devices, including keyboards, mice, joysticks, light pens, trackballs, scanners, graphic tablets, microphones, magnetic ink card readers, optical character recognition, bar code readers, and optical mark readers. It provides details on how keyboards, mice, and scanners function, with keyboards transmitting scan codes when keys are pressed and mice using ball movement to generate electrical pulses that move the cursor. Scanners convert printed text and graphics into digital form using a light sensor, usually a CCD, to detect light reflected from documents.
1) The document describes a smart card based toll gate automated system using an 8051 microcontroller. It includes a block diagram of the system and descriptions of the main components.
2) The system uses a smart card reader interfaced to a microcontroller to read information from a smart card and deduct toll amounts. A keypad is used to enter amounts. An LCD displays statuses and prompts.
3) Simulation results show steps to create and simulate the project in Keil uVision software, including selecting device components, building the project, and adding source files.
This document discusses a smart card based toll gate automated system. It proposes using smart cards instead of cash to pay tolls. The system would use a microcontroller, smart card reader, LCD display and keypad. Drivers would recharge their smart cards with funds and insert their card at the toll gate, where the amount would be deducted. This avoids the need to carry cash and improves security. The system was simulated using Keil μVision software. It provides a block diagram of the system components and describes the roles of the microcontroller and MAX232 chip in interfacing with the smart card reader.
CapSense Capacitive Sensors Sigma Delta AlgorithmRuth Moore
Cypress' CapSense Sigma-Delta algorithm (CSD) uses switched capacitor circuitry and analog/digital components to convert changes in capacitance from a sensor electrode into a digital bit stream. The bit stream is analyzed to determine if a conductive object is present by measuring the change in counts over measurement windows. CSD modulates the sensor capacitance using a switched capacitor network and comparator to create a variable duty cycle bit stream. This enables low power capacitive sensing for touch interfaces.
The document discusses interfacing a 4x4 keypad with a microcontroller. It explains that a keypad works by conducting when a button is pressed. It then describes two methods for scanning the keypad as a matrix to determine which key is pressed. The first method grounds rows and columns individually and checks for input on the other pins. The second method grounds a single row pin and checks the column pins for input. Both allow determining the row and column of the pressed key.
In this project, you are required to get the Morse code signal with .docxmigdalialyle
In this project, you are required to get the Morse code signal with using a physical button connected to Arduino microcontroller. You will be capturing the button presses using your Arduino sketch. Button presses will be used for entering the Morse signal. Therefore, during the button presses, considering your gap durations (gap thresholds for letter input, the letters and words. Threshold selection is left to your choice), you will convert Morse signal to the corresponding character.
You will integrate a second button for controlling data transmission and playing back the Morse signal. When the button is pressed once, your Arduino sketch will be sending the converted text to the PC using serial communication until the last click of the first button. If you double click (Hint: You can differentiate one-click and double-click by using built-in millis() function in Arduino) the second button, you will play back the Morse signal by using external LED.
Task-1 (30 points)
• Draft and design your circuit for the entire hardware schematic. This will include two buttons, one LED.
• Implement your design. Show your wiring, used Pins for Arduino connection.
Task-2 (70 points)
Develop your Arduino sketch that gets the Morse signal with first button presses. The sketch will convert the signal to text. The converted text message and signal will be stored unless the second button is pressed. The second button press is for sending the converted text to the PC through the serial communication.
Remember that one click of the second button will be used for sending the text from Arduino to the PC (Once the button is pressed, send the text to PC and clear the input buffer that you use for storing the converted text in your Arduino sketch). If you double click the second button, you will play back the Morse signal that has been entered so far by turning on/off the LED. Pay attention to your gaps while turning on/off your LED.
Deliverables
You will design and develop an circuit and implement Arduino sketch. Sketch will deliver all the functionalities of the task-2 described above (Note that you will need to demonstrate your system and explain the code if needed). In addition to the demonstration, you are required to write a report in IEEE paper format that will have the following parts;
Abstract
• Brief summary of work done.
Introduction and Background
• Description of the problem and background information
• Motivation of using Arduino Microcontroller and information about Arduino (Do not copy- paste information. Use your own sentences).
System Architecture
• Description of hardware architecture such as your circuit design. Please include the circuit schematic such as wiring, connectivity to Arduino. You can use free software to easily create schematic.
• Description of the implementation of your Arduino Sketch; Please put your source code of your sketch in the Appendix not here.
Results
• The pictures of your final wired circuit..
This document discusses different encoding schemes and number systems used in computers. It begins by explaining how keyboard characters are mapped to binary codes that computers can understand. This is done through encoding schemes like ASCII and UNICODE which assign unique codes to characters. It then describes different number systems like decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal that are used to represent numbers in a format understood by computers and humans. Decimal uses base-10, binary uses base-2, octal uses base-8 and hexadecimal uses base-16.
The document discusses various input and output devices used with computers. It describes keyboards, mice, and printers. Specifically, it details the different types of keyboards such as mechanical, membrane, and buckling spring keyboards. It explains how keyboards, mice, and printers work and connect to the computer. It also covers the various types of mice, printers, and technologies used in each such as dot matrix, inkjet, and laser printers.
The document lists and describes various common computer input devices, including keyboards, mice, joysticks, light pens, trackballs, scanners, graphic tablets, microphones, magnetic ink card readers, optical character recognition, bar code readers, and optical mark readers. It provides details on how keyboards, mice, and scanners function, with keyboards transmitting scan codes when keys are pressed and mice using ball movement to generate electrical pulses that move the cursor. Scanners convert printed text and graphics into digital form using a light sensor, usually a CCD, to detect light reflected from documents.
This document describes a novel technique for controlling CNC systems using Matlab software and an Arduino microcontroller. Matlab is used to process images of parts and convert them into arrays of pixel data representing the geometry. This data is sent via serial communication to an Arduino microcontroller, which generates pulse trains to control stepper motors in the CNC machine and execute the machining instructions. The technique was implemented and tested on a 3-axis milling machine. Analysis showed the approach can develop and use CNC part programs for various machining and non-machining applications.
This document describes a novel technique for controlling CNC systems using Matlab software and an Arduino microcontroller. The technique involves using Matlab for image processing to detect boundaries in an image of the desired workpiece geometry and convert it to coordinates. These coordinates are sent as instructions from Matlab to the Arduino via a serial port. The Arduino then generates pulse trains to control stepper motors in a 3-axis milling machine based on the instructions. The technique was experimentally tested on a 3-axis milling machine and results showed it can accurately control the machine's movements.
This document describes interfacing an LCD display and keyboard to an 8051 microcontroller. It discusses connecting the LCD to output pins of the microcontroller to control the display. Commands are sent to initialize and update the LCD. A similar process of scanning rows and columns is used to interface a 4x4 keyboard matrix and detect which key is pressed by checking for a closed row and column. The document provides code examples to write characters to the LCD and scan the keyboard to identify pressed keys.
The document provides information on digital control applications using digital signal processors (DSPs) and microcontrollers (μCs) in power electronics. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of digital control, available tools for implementation including DSPs and μCs, and features of DSPs and new DSP solutions that combine DSP capabilities with peripheral units typically found in μCs. Specific DSP solutions - the Analog Devices ADMC401 and Texas Instruments TMS320F240 - are described in detail including their core features, peripheral units, and software examples.
This document provides information about computer systems and their components. It discusses that a computer accepts data as input, processes it according to rules, produces output, and stores results. It also describes the functions of input, output, storage, and processing devices. The central processing unit (CPU) controls and coordinates the computer's operations by fetching instructions, decoding them, executing them, and storing results. Data is represented digitally using bits, bytes, and character encoding schemes like ASCII. Units of data measurement like kilobytes and clockspeed measures like megahertz and gigahertz are also explained.
This document summarizes encoders, decoders, and their applications. It discusses how encoders convert binary inputs into coded outputs, and decoders perform the reverse. Examples are provided of octal-to-binary encoding and priority encoding. Key applications of encoders include remote controls, digital communication systems, and digital sensors. Decoders are important for driving seven-segment displays and addressing memory locations. In conclusion, encoders and decoders have diverse real-time applications across fields like communication, robotics, and healthcare by enabling efficient data processing and transmission.
Virtual Keyboard (VKB) is a touch typing device that uses sensor technology and AI to project a keyboard onto any surface allowing users to type without a physical keyboard. It uses infrared cameras to track finger movements and recognize keystrokes, supporting multilingual keyboards. VKB systems comprise an infrared sensor module to detect finger positions, an IR light source, and a pattern projector to display the keyboard image. VKB provides full keyboard input for small devices like phones and allows typing in environments where noise needs to be minimized. However, VKB can be difficult to learn to use and may not work well in bright lighting.
This document provides layout guidelines for PSoC CapSense applications regarding PCB layout, overlay thickness and material selection, and chassis design. It describes how PCB traces, overlay thickness, button size and spacing can impact sensitivity and noise. The document also provides an example design for a CapSense button, selecting parameters like button size, overlay thickness, and scan speed and calculating resulting capacitance and counts.
This document discusses interfacing a hex keypad to an AT89C51 microcontroller. It provides details on the components required, including the microcontroller, keypad, and 7-segment display. It describes how the keypad is scanned using column scanning to detect key presses and determine the pressed key. The programming for the microcontroller is also outlined, showing how it initializes ports, scans the keypad, looks up the pressed key in a lookup table to display on the 7-segment display. Potential issues faced include debouncing and directly powering the display. Future work proposed includes adding an LCD module to create a basic calculator.
Intoduction to mTouch Capacitive Touch SensingPremier Farnell
This document introduces mTouch capacitive touch sensing technology. It discusses how mTouch works using capacitive sensing without mechanical buttons. The main components are a touch sensor and relaxation oscillator circuit, which uses frequency measurement to detect changes in capacitance from a finger touch on the sensor. The sensor is constructed with copper pads on a printed circuit board with a glass or plastic covering.
The document introduces capacitive sensing and Cypress' PSoC family. It discusses how capacitive sensing detects conductive objects without physical contact by measuring capacitance. It then describes the PSoC as a programmable system-on-chip that features configurable analog and digital blocks for implementing capacitive sensing applications using its configurable architecture. Finally, it provides an overview of Cypress' capacitive sensing development tools and software.
Capacitive Sensing - Power and Sleep ConsiderationsRuth Moore
This Application Note describes power consumption and sleep considerations with PSoC CapSense. In battery-powered applications, lower current levels translate into longer battery life. With this in mind, a system designer should adjust system parameters so that specifications are met with the minimum active current.
In PSoC capacitive sensing applications, active current can be minimized through a number of programmable settings including the CPU clock speed and sleep mode. This Application Note shows how to minimize active current and incorporate sleep mode into button sensing applications.
The IEEE 754 standard defines a common format for floating-point numbers that is used in computers and processors. It specifies the binary floating-point format including the sign, exponent and mantissa components. There are single and double precision formats that allocate 32 and 64 bits respectively. Single precision uses 1 bit for the sign, 8 bits for the exponent and 23 bits for the mantissa. Double precision uses 1 bit for the sign, 11 bits for the exponent and 52 bits for the mantissa. The standard helps to represent real numbers consistently in computers.
This document provides information about integrating a keyboard and LCD display with a microcontroller and creating a CID calculator project. It includes:
1) Block diagrams and classifications of microprocessors and microcontrollers.
2) Instructions on connecting a 4x4 keyboard to a microcontroller port and reading button presses.
3) Details on initializing and writing text and numbers to a 16x2 LCD display connected to a microcontroller.
4) An overview of the steps needed to program a microcontroller and create a CID calculator, including required components and sample code.
A Report on Bidirectional Visitor Counter using IR sensors and Arduino Uno R3Abhishekvb
The aim of our project is to make a controller which can sense if any person enters the room and it lights up the room automatically and also counts how many person are entering the room or going out of it.
This document describes a design for a PIC microcontroller-based Ethernet interface to control industrial parameters. The design consists of three main modules: an SPI communication module to interface sensors to the PIC, a controller module using the PIC microcontroller, and an Ethernet interface module using an ENC28J60 Ethernet controller chip. The sensor data is read using SPI, converted to ASCII format by the PIC, and transmitted over Ethernet to allow monitoring via a PC. This network interface allows existing SPI devices to be integrated into an industrial monitoring system and transmit sensor data remotely over a local area network.
This document summarizes a student project to design a multi-point touch pad. It discusses how touch pads work by using a grid of resistances to detect touch locations and convert analog signals to digital coordinates. It then outlines the project to build a touch pad using an AVR microcontroller and MAX232 for interfacing with a PC. Driver circuitry is used to refresh the resistive grid after each reading. The goal is to enable customized applications through character and symbol recognition on the touch pad.
The functional design scheme of the dedicated keyboard chip kb core based on ...Vinsion Chan
In the single-chip application system, there are various forms of external data input interface interfaces, such as RS-232C serial communication, keyboard input, etc.
This document describes a laboratory exercise involving the use of timers and real-time clocks implemented on an Altera DE0 board. It involves designing and implementing four circuits: 1) a modulo-k counter, 2) a 3-digit BCD counter, 3) a real-time clock displaying minutes and seconds, and 4) a circuit displaying Morse code representations of letters using LEDs. VHDL is used to describe the circuits, which are then compiled, simulated, and downloaded to the DE0 board for testing. Preparation includes writing and simulating VHDL code for parts I-III.
This document provides an overview of the main components of a computer system, including the monitor, keyboard, speakers, mouse, and system unit. It describes the purpose and key features of each component. The monitor displays the computer's visual output and can use different screen technologies like LCD. The keyboard is the main text input device and can connect via several port types. Speakers output audio and vary in quality. Mice control cursor movement and have different connection options. The system unit houses core components like the motherboard, power supply, drives, and memory.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
This document describes a novel technique for controlling CNC systems using Matlab software and an Arduino microcontroller. Matlab is used to process images of parts and convert them into arrays of pixel data representing the geometry. This data is sent via serial communication to an Arduino microcontroller, which generates pulse trains to control stepper motors in the CNC machine and execute the machining instructions. The technique was implemented and tested on a 3-axis milling machine. Analysis showed the approach can develop and use CNC part programs for various machining and non-machining applications.
This document describes a novel technique for controlling CNC systems using Matlab software and an Arduino microcontroller. The technique involves using Matlab for image processing to detect boundaries in an image of the desired workpiece geometry and convert it to coordinates. These coordinates are sent as instructions from Matlab to the Arduino via a serial port. The Arduino then generates pulse trains to control stepper motors in a 3-axis milling machine based on the instructions. The technique was experimentally tested on a 3-axis milling machine and results showed it can accurately control the machine's movements.
This document describes interfacing an LCD display and keyboard to an 8051 microcontroller. It discusses connecting the LCD to output pins of the microcontroller to control the display. Commands are sent to initialize and update the LCD. A similar process of scanning rows and columns is used to interface a 4x4 keyboard matrix and detect which key is pressed by checking for a closed row and column. The document provides code examples to write characters to the LCD and scan the keyboard to identify pressed keys.
The document provides information on digital control applications using digital signal processors (DSPs) and microcontrollers (μCs) in power electronics. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of digital control, available tools for implementation including DSPs and μCs, and features of DSPs and new DSP solutions that combine DSP capabilities with peripheral units typically found in μCs. Specific DSP solutions - the Analog Devices ADMC401 and Texas Instruments TMS320F240 - are described in detail including their core features, peripheral units, and software examples.
This document provides information about computer systems and their components. It discusses that a computer accepts data as input, processes it according to rules, produces output, and stores results. It also describes the functions of input, output, storage, and processing devices. The central processing unit (CPU) controls and coordinates the computer's operations by fetching instructions, decoding them, executing them, and storing results. Data is represented digitally using bits, bytes, and character encoding schemes like ASCII. Units of data measurement like kilobytes and clockspeed measures like megahertz and gigahertz are also explained.
This document summarizes encoders, decoders, and their applications. It discusses how encoders convert binary inputs into coded outputs, and decoders perform the reverse. Examples are provided of octal-to-binary encoding and priority encoding. Key applications of encoders include remote controls, digital communication systems, and digital sensors. Decoders are important for driving seven-segment displays and addressing memory locations. In conclusion, encoders and decoders have diverse real-time applications across fields like communication, robotics, and healthcare by enabling efficient data processing and transmission.
Virtual Keyboard (VKB) is a touch typing device that uses sensor technology and AI to project a keyboard onto any surface allowing users to type without a physical keyboard. It uses infrared cameras to track finger movements and recognize keystrokes, supporting multilingual keyboards. VKB systems comprise an infrared sensor module to detect finger positions, an IR light source, and a pattern projector to display the keyboard image. VKB provides full keyboard input for small devices like phones and allows typing in environments where noise needs to be minimized. However, VKB can be difficult to learn to use and may not work well in bright lighting.
This document provides layout guidelines for PSoC CapSense applications regarding PCB layout, overlay thickness and material selection, and chassis design. It describes how PCB traces, overlay thickness, button size and spacing can impact sensitivity and noise. The document also provides an example design for a CapSense button, selecting parameters like button size, overlay thickness, and scan speed and calculating resulting capacitance and counts.
This document discusses interfacing a hex keypad to an AT89C51 microcontroller. It provides details on the components required, including the microcontroller, keypad, and 7-segment display. It describes how the keypad is scanned using column scanning to detect key presses and determine the pressed key. The programming for the microcontroller is also outlined, showing how it initializes ports, scans the keypad, looks up the pressed key in a lookup table to display on the 7-segment display. Potential issues faced include debouncing and directly powering the display. Future work proposed includes adding an LCD module to create a basic calculator.
Intoduction to mTouch Capacitive Touch SensingPremier Farnell
This document introduces mTouch capacitive touch sensing technology. It discusses how mTouch works using capacitive sensing without mechanical buttons. The main components are a touch sensor and relaxation oscillator circuit, which uses frequency measurement to detect changes in capacitance from a finger touch on the sensor. The sensor is constructed with copper pads on a printed circuit board with a glass or plastic covering.
The document introduces capacitive sensing and Cypress' PSoC family. It discusses how capacitive sensing detects conductive objects without physical contact by measuring capacitance. It then describes the PSoC as a programmable system-on-chip that features configurable analog and digital blocks for implementing capacitive sensing applications using its configurable architecture. Finally, it provides an overview of Cypress' capacitive sensing development tools and software.
Capacitive Sensing - Power and Sleep ConsiderationsRuth Moore
This Application Note describes power consumption and sleep considerations with PSoC CapSense. In battery-powered applications, lower current levels translate into longer battery life. With this in mind, a system designer should adjust system parameters so that specifications are met with the minimum active current.
In PSoC capacitive sensing applications, active current can be minimized through a number of programmable settings including the CPU clock speed and sleep mode. This Application Note shows how to minimize active current and incorporate sleep mode into button sensing applications.
The IEEE 754 standard defines a common format for floating-point numbers that is used in computers and processors. It specifies the binary floating-point format including the sign, exponent and mantissa components. There are single and double precision formats that allocate 32 and 64 bits respectively. Single precision uses 1 bit for the sign, 8 bits for the exponent and 23 bits for the mantissa. Double precision uses 1 bit for the sign, 11 bits for the exponent and 52 bits for the mantissa. The standard helps to represent real numbers consistently in computers.
This document provides information about integrating a keyboard and LCD display with a microcontroller and creating a CID calculator project. It includes:
1) Block diagrams and classifications of microprocessors and microcontrollers.
2) Instructions on connecting a 4x4 keyboard to a microcontroller port and reading button presses.
3) Details on initializing and writing text and numbers to a 16x2 LCD display connected to a microcontroller.
4) An overview of the steps needed to program a microcontroller and create a CID calculator, including required components and sample code.
A Report on Bidirectional Visitor Counter using IR sensors and Arduino Uno R3Abhishekvb
The aim of our project is to make a controller which can sense if any person enters the room and it lights up the room automatically and also counts how many person are entering the room or going out of it.
This document describes a design for a PIC microcontroller-based Ethernet interface to control industrial parameters. The design consists of three main modules: an SPI communication module to interface sensors to the PIC, a controller module using the PIC microcontroller, and an Ethernet interface module using an ENC28J60 Ethernet controller chip. The sensor data is read using SPI, converted to ASCII format by the PIC, and transmitted over Ethernet to allow monitoring via a PC. This network interface allows existing SPI devices to be integrated into an industrial monitoring system and transmit sensor data remotely over a local area network.
This document summarizes a student project to design a multi-point touch pad. It discusses how touch pads work by using a grid of resistances to detect touch locations and convert analog signals to digital coordinates. It then outlines the project to build a touch pad using an AVR microcontroller and MAX232 for interfacing with a PC. Driver circuitry is used to refresh the resistive grid after each reading. The goal is to enable customized applications through character and symbol recognition on the touch pad.
The functional design scheme of the dedicated keyboard chip kb core based on ...Vinsion Chan
In the single-chip application system, there are various forms of external data input interface interfaces, such as RS-232C serial communication, keyboard input, etc.
This document describes a laboratory exercise involving the use of timers and real-time clocks implemented on an Altera DE0 board. It involves designing and implementing four circuits: 1) a modulo-k counter, 2) a 3-digit BCD counter, 3) a real-time clock displaying minutes and seconds, and 4) a circuit displaying Morse code representations of letters using LEDs. VHDL is used to describe the circuits, which are then compiled, simulated, and downloaded to the DE0 board for testing. Preparation includes writing and simulating VHDL code for parts I-III.
This document provides an overview of the main components of a computer system, including the monitor, keyboard, speakers, mouse, and system unit. It describes the purpose and key features of each component. The monitor displays the computer's visual output and can use different screen technologies like LCD. The keyboard is the main text input device and can connect via several port types. Speakers output audio and vary in quality. Mice control cursor movement and have different connection options. The system unit houses core components like the motherboard, power supply, drives, and memory.
Similar to Capacitance Sensing - PC-Compatible USB (20)
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024Intelisync
DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
In 2024, we are witnessing an explosion of new DeFi projects and protocols, each pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in finance.
In summary, DeFi in 2024 is not just a trend; it’s a revolution that democratizes finance, enhances security and transparency, and fosters continuous innovation. As we proceed through this presentation, we'll explore the various components and services of DeFi in detail, shedding light on how they are transforming the financial landscape.
At Intelisync, we specialize in providing comprehensive DeFi development services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. From smart contract development to dApp creation and security audits, we ensure that your DeFi project is built with innovation, security, and scalability in mind. Trust Intelisync to guide you through the intricate landscape of decentralized finance and unlock the full potential of blockchain technology.
Ready to take your DeFi project to the next level? Partner with Intelisync for expert DeFi development services today!
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
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HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
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- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
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This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
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5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
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6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
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7. What is Prometheus?
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8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
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9. What is Camel K?
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10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
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11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
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12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
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HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
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Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
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- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
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An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
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During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
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Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
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This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
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Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Capacitance Sensing - PC-Compatible USB
1. Capacitance Sensing - PC-Compatible USB
CapSense Matrix Keyboard
AN2407
Author: Michael Macovetskyi, Ruslan Bachynskyy, Ryshtun Andrij
Associated Project: Yes
Associated Part Family: CY8C21434-24LKXI
GET FREE SAMPLES HERE
Software Version: PSoC Designer™ 4.3 SP2
Associated Application Notes: AN2233a, AN2292, AN2318, AN2352, AN2355
PSoC Application Notes Index
Application Note Abstract
This Application Note discusses construction, firmware communication, and considerations for a capacitive sensing matrixed
keyboard using PSoC® CapSense.
Table 1. Matrix Keyboard Specification
Introduction
Capacitive sensor keyboards are widely used in modern Characteristic Value
compact devices. Keyboard sensors can be connected to
Total Keys Quantity 69 (64 matrix + 5 separated)
the microcontroller pin individually. However, such a
connection scheme limits the number of sensors to the Matrix Structure 8x8
number of available sensing pins. For applications with
only a small number of sensors, this is not an issue. For Sensor Dimension 11x11 mm
keyboards with many sensors, a new connection scheme 2
Communication Interface I C™
must be devised to maximize the number of sensors while
maintaining a small pin count. Creating a matrix of sensors Overlay Thickness 1-6 mm
can drastically raise the number of sensors in an
2
PC Interface USB, via I C-USB bridge
application without increasing the pin overhead needed to
control them.
Power Supply Voltage From USB 5 ± 0.25V
Figure 1. CapSense Matrix Keyboard Usage Standard HID keyboard, no
PC Implementation
additional GUI required
Keys Matrix Structure
Keyboard keys are organized into two groups. The first
group is comprised of special function keys such as Shift,
Ctrl, Alt keys. These keys are connected to PSoC pins
individually and are scanned separately. The rest of the
keys are organized in a rectangular 8-row, 8-column
This Application Note presents an example scheme for a matrix. The 64 keys in this matrix represent alphanumeric
matrixed capacitive sensing keyboard. A system block keys as well as special keys such as WIN and EXC.
diagram is shown in Figure 1.
Shift, Ctrl, Alt and some other keys can be activated at the
Technical specifications for the matrixed keyboard same time as other keys. Scanning these keys separately
presented here are listed in Table 1. allows correct detection of simultaneous sensor activation
of these and keys in the general matrix.
February 16, 2007 Document No. 001-41442 Rev. ** 1
[+] Feedback
2. AN2407
The sensor design implemented on the demonstration Figure 3. Key Press/Sensor Activation Examples
board increases the reliability of sensor activation
Sensors Keys
detection. Each key consists of four segments. Segments
opposite each other are connected to each other, creating COL1 COL2
two interwoven yet electrically distinct sensors for each
key; there is a row sensor and column sensor for each ROW1 Key1 Key2
key. Figure 2 illustrates the row (gray) and column (white)
construction in two colors. This interwoven key structure
means that a key represents activation on a row and a
column at the same time.
ROW2
Key3 Key4
Figure 2. Matrix Keys Structure
a)
COL1 COL2
ROW1 Key1 Key2
ROW2
Key3 Key4
b)
COL1 COL2
ROW1 Key1 Key2
Firmware for activation detection completed an analysis of
the row=column intersections. This method works well
when only one key (one row and one column) is pressed
at a time. If more than one key is pressed, false
activations can occur due to multiple row-column ROW2
Key3 Key4
activations.
Figures 3a shows the activation scheme for a single
c)
pressed key. Figure 3b shows the activation scheme for a
simultaneous-key press that can be detected by the COL1 COL2
controller. Figures 3c and 3d show different simultaneous-
ROW1 Key1 Key2
key presses that exhibit the same activation state and
cannot be distinguished. Two keys that do not show either
a row or a column sensor, when pressed, are viewed as
four active keys.
ROW2
To avoid this phenomenon, keyboard design logic allows Key3 Key4
only one key to register as pressed by selecting only one
row and column sensor at a time. The selected sensor is
d)
determined by using a sorting algorithm for signals.
Legend:
Activated Row Sensor Detected as Not
Pressed
Activated Column Sensor
Detected as
Non-activated Row Sensor
Pressed
Non-activated Column Sensor
Touched Sensor
February 16, 2007 Document No. 001-41442 Rev. ** 2
[+] Feedback
3. AN2407
Keyboard Schematic and PCB Keyboard Firmware
The proposed keyboard uses minimal external The PSoC Designer project for this Application Note uses
components and no mechanical keys. All the keys are the CapSense Sigma Delta (CSD) User Module (UM) for
capacitive sensors implemented on the PCB as copper capacitive sensing and the EzI2C UM to transmit the
results of the capacitive scans to the host though an I2C
pads. The proposed keyboard consists of a PSoC and
several resistors and capacitors. The keyboard schematic interface. The firmware scans the individual and matrix
is shown in Appendix A. Series resistors are placed on sensors and sends the key codes to the I2C-USB bridge.
each sensing trace and close to the PSoC. These Keys activation detection logic and sound generation is
resistors decrease the influence of the RF noise caused implemented in the firmware of the PSoC, not in the host
by cell phones, microwave ovens, etc. For more or GUI. The CSD UM parameters are shown in Figure 4.
information on this, see AN2292, “Layout Guidelines for
Figure 4. CSD UM Parameters
PSoC CapSense” and AN3218, “EMC Considerations for
PSoC CapSense.”
When multiple sensing elements are connected in parallel
(sensors in rows and columns) the parasitic capacitance
increases. A shield electrode is added behind the sensors
to reduce this parasitic capacitance. The shield electrode
is located on the bottom PCB layer.
Some sensors (Space, Enter) have much larger area than
other sensors. This difference causes large sensor-to-
sensor raw count variation, yielding different optimal
modulator feedback resistor, R32 values. To balance raw
counts for different sensors, resistor R27 is connected in
parallel to the modulator capacitor when large area
sensors are scanned. This connection is done in the
firmware. For details on the modulator resistor and its
impact on raw counts in CSD capacitive sensing, see
AN2233a, “Capacitive Sensing Switch Scan/Theory and
Operation.” For information on how to determine the value
of R32 for other applications, see AN2355, “Calibrating
CapSense Applications.”
Speaker LS1 is used to emulate the ‘click’ of a mechanical
button. When key press is detected, PSoC generates a
click signal on port P1[7] using a pulse width modulator A sorting algorithm is used to detect which buttons are
(PWM). This signal is amplified through VT1 and played really pressed when multiple keys are active. When a
via speaker LS1. finger is near a key, non-zero signals exist on several
neighboring key row and column elements at the same
Connector J3 is used for ISSP and for I2C data transfer.
time. The activation may be on a particular key (row and
The following requirements should be applied to board column), but other rows and columns exhibit some signal
layout for optimal matrix keyboard performance. as well. The most upper element is used to detect which
element is really being pressed by the sensor when
• Reduce spacing between row and column sensors for
multiple sensors show possible activation.
each button (8-12 mill/0.2-0.3 mm).
• Keep the size and spacing of sensors consistent After the active row and column are determined, the
when possible. internal-use key code is derived using the following
• Use the physical key structure to determine the formula
connection matrix structure for simplified layout.
KeyCode=(RowMaxSenNum<<3)+ColMaxSenNum[15]-8;
The Enter and Space keys are not special function keys
For Shift, Ctrl, Alt, Space, and Return key activation
as are Ctrl, Shift and Alt. But they are very large by the
detection, CSD high-level APIs are used. After, the
mechanical design. Therefore, these keys have individual
scanning key state is read from the
PSoC pins and are scanned with individual threshold
CSD_baSnsOnMask[2] array.
parameters.
February 16, 2007 Document No. 001-41442 Rev. ** 3
[+] Feedback
4. AN2407
When finger is between two keys, false activation is Figure 7. HID Report Description
possible. To avoid this, an additional selection algorithm
and hysteresis are used. A key pressed event is detected
only when the signal from this key is two times or more
greater than the signal from neighboring keys. If it is not,
the key activation state is not changed.
USB HID Device
To test and demonstrate the matrix keyboard unit, we use
special firmware that was developed for Cypress, I2C to
USB Bridge Kit CY3240-I2USB. The PC operating system
detects the I2C-USB bridge as an HID keyboard. The
bridge firmware converts internal key code to HID key
codes. We used two different PSoC devices for sensor
scanning (CY8C21434-24LKXI) and USB communication
(CY8C24894-24LFXI). It is possible to implement this
design using a single CY8C24784-24LKXI, which supports
both CSD capacitive sensing and USB communication.
When a user holds a finger on the button for a long time,
the PC operating system automatically runs character
auto-repeat. This is implemented by the operating system,
not the I2C-USB bridge.
The USB HID keyboard endpoint descriptors and HID
report description are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 7. The
Windows device manager screen is shown in Figure 6.
The sample text in Figure 8 was typed using the USB
Figure 5. USB HID Keyboard Endpoint Descriptors CapSense Matrix Keyboard.
Figure 8. Sample Text
Figure 6. Windows Device Manager
The matrix keyboard PCB pictures are shown in Appendix
B. Gerber files are included in the project archive for
reference.
The CapSense matrix keyboard with I2C-USB bridge
photo is shown in Appendix C.
February 16, 2007 Document No. 001-41442 Rev. ** 4
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