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INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental
Education

2. INDEX
 INTRODUCTION
 REVIEW
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 MODE OF ACTION
 DIFFERENT FORMS
 COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
 APPLICATION
 COMPOSITION
 SETTING REACTION
 PROPERTIES
 DISCUSSION
 CONCLUSION
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3.
 Calcium hydroxide; Ca(OH)2
, colorless
crystal or white powder. It is prepared by
reacting calcium oxide (lime) with water.
 It is a strong base and is widely used as
an inexpensive alkali, often as a
suspension in water (milk of lime) .
 The use of calcium hydroxide in
endodontics was introduced by Hermann
in 1920.
 Calcium hydroxide was most favored as a
pulpotomy agent in the 1940s and mid-
1950s
 Calcium hydroxide has its significance
due to their alkaline nature( pH of 11 to
12). www.indiandentalacademy.com

4. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 Dr. Grossman divided the 200 years between 1776 and 1976
into four 50-year periods. New methods and agents were
introduced during the final 50-years of period . Calcium
hydroxide made its appearance during the same period.
 Calcium hydroxide has the ability to form reparative dentin
formation,this rationale was introduced by Teuscher and
Zander in 1938.
 There is some controversy as to the source of calcium ions
necessary for dentinal bridge repair at the exposure site.
 Lim and Kirk, in an extensive review of direct pulp capping
literature, found little support for pulp obliteration and
internal resorption being a major complication of pulp
capping.
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5.  Wadachi et al., studied the effect of calcium hydroxide on
the dissolution of soft tissue on the root canal wall .
 Estrela et al. summarized the antibacterial properties of
calcium hydroxide. Direct contact experiments in vitro
requires a 24 hr contact period for complete kill of
enterococci
 In the second edition of Endodontics (1976), Luebke and
Ingle first forecast a new paradigm for endodontics . Ingle
suspected sealer dissolution may continue within the canal
system as well, thus eventually breaking the apical seal.
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6.  Stanley and Pameijer , Seale and Stanley, in histologic
studies, found that a calcium hydroxide product (Prisma
VLC Dycal, L. D. Caulk Co.), cured by visible light,
maintained all of the characteristics of healing and bridge
formation equivalent to the original self-curing Dycal. They
found the resin-based Prism VLC Dycal to be over three
times stronger than the water-based Dycal and its solubility
in water to be less by half.
 Lado, in an in vitro study comparing the bacterial inhibition
of these new light-cured products to the self-setting
calcium hydroxide cements, also found no differences.
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7. ADVANTAGES
 Reparative dentin formation
 Antibacterial action
 Pulp protection
 The tissue-dissolving property
 Newer preparation shows Improved
strength, essentially no solubility in
acid, and minimal solubility in water
and control the over working time
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8. DISADVANTAGES
 Pulp obliteration
 Internal resorption
 Lack of adhesion to hard tissues
 Microleakage
 Short working time of self cured
preparation.
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9. MECHANISM OF ACTION
A, After 24 hours
B,After 2-3
weeks.
C, After 4-5
weeks.
D, After 8 weeks.
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10. FORMS
calcium hydroxide powderpaste and
hard set cement
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11. COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
 Dycal
 Prisma VLC Dycal ( L. D.Caulk Co) and Cavalite (Kerr Co.;
Orange, Calif.)
 Pulpdent (Pulpdent Corporation of America; Watertown, Mass)
 Calasept (J.S. Dental Prod., Sweden/USA) and Temp Canal
(Pulpdent Corp.; Boston Mass.)
 CRCS (Calciobiotic Root Canal Sealer, Coltene/
Whaledent/Hygenic; Mahwah, N.J.)
 SealApex (Sybron Endo/Kerr; Orange, Calif.)
 LIFE (Sybron Endo/Kerr; Orange, Calif.)
 Vitapex (NEO Dental, Japan)
 Dentalis (NEO Dental, Japan)
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12. APPLICATION
 Pulp protection
 Pulp capping Agent
 Pulpotomy in young permanent
teeth.
 Apical Filling
 Intracanal medication
 Calcium Hydroxide Sealers.
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13. COMPOSITION
Base paste
 Glycol salicylate-40%-reacts with calcium hydroxide and
ZnO
 Titanium dioxide-inert fillers
 Calcium tungstate or barium sulphate-provide radioopacity
Catalyst paste
 Calcium hydroxide-50%-principal reactive ingredient
 Zinc oxide-10%
 Zinc stearate-0.55%-accelerator
 Sulphonamide-39.5%-oily compound acts as carrier.
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14. SETTING REACTION
 Calcium hydroxide reacts with the
salicylate ester to form a chelate-calcium
disalicylate.
 SETTING TIME: 2.5 TO 5.5 minute
the reaction is greatly accelerated by
moisture.
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15. PROPERTIES
 High Ph:9.2 to 11.7.
 Compressive strength:10 to 27 Mpa
 Tensile strength:1Mpa
 Modulus of elasticity:0.37 Gpam2
 Solubility and disintegration :The solubility in
water is high (0.4 to 7.85).
 Biological Properties :mild irritation to pulp
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16. DISCUSSION
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17. CONCLUSION
In majority of cases its failure is
associated with failed restoration and
microleakage.Success of calcium
hydroxide depends upon the proper
diagnosis,health of the remaining
dental tissue.
Careful selection of the case and
accordingly selection of the type of
calcium hydroxide, are the major
factors for its success.
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