I have prepared gic presentation which is well organised understandable for every level of people

1. 3/10/2024 1

2. GLASSIONOMERCEMENT

3. CONTENTS
•INTRODUCTION.
•DEFINITION.
•COMPOSITION.
•CLASSIFICATIONS.
•ADVANTAGES.
•DISADVANTAGES.
•INDICATIONS .
•CONTRAINDICATIONS.
•SETTING REACTIONS.
•PROPERTIES.
3

4. •Generic name for materials based on the
reaction of glass powder and polyacrylic acid.
•Developed in the 1970s to improve clinical
performance compared with silicate cements .
•Other Names of GIC: Glass Polyalkenoate
Cement, Alimino Silicate PolyAcrylate
(ASPA), Dentin Substitute, Man-Made
Dentine, Artificial Dentin.
•First commercial gic was made by De Trey
company and distributed by amalgamated
dental co
INTRODUCTION
4

5. 5
•A cement that hardens following an acid-
base reaction between fluoroaluminosilicate
glass powder and an aqueous-based
polyacrylic acid solution.
DEFINITION
Anusavice KPhillips R. Phillips' science of dental materials. St. Louis,
Mo.: Saunders; 2013-12th edition.

6. ACCORDING TO A.D. WILSON AND J.W.MCLEAN
Type I: Luting and bonding
cements.
Type II: Restorative cements.
Type II (i):Restorative
esthetic.
Type II (ii):Restorative
reinforced.
Type III: Lining or base cements.
classification
6
Mount, Graham J. An atlas of glass-ionomer cements: a clinicians guide.
London: Martin Dunitz-2nd edition.

7. According to clinical use :
• Type I- Luting.
• TYPE II- Restorative.
• Type III- Liner/ Base.
• Type IV- Pit & Fissure Sealant.
• Type V- Luting for Orthodontic Purpose.
• Type VI- Core build up material.
• Type VII- High fluoride releasing command
set.
• Type VIII- ART.
• Type IX- Geriatric & Paediatric GIC.
7

8. •Adhesion to enamel and dentin.
•Anticariogenic.
•Acceptable esthetics.
•Biocompatible.
Advantages
8
Anusavice KPhillips R. Phillips' science of dental materials. St. Louis,
Mo.: Saunders; 2013-12th edition.

9. •low fracture resistance.
•low flexural strength and wear
resistance.
•Sensitivity to moisture soon after
setting.
Disadvantages
9
Anusavice KPhillips R. Phillips' science of dental materials. St. Louis,
Mo.: Saunders; 2013-12th edition.

10. •Restoration of erosive/abrasive lesions
without cavity preparation.
•As a pit and fissures sealant.
•Class 1 restorations.
•Restoration of primary teeth.
•Class V restoration.
•Class III restorations.
INDICATIONS
10
Mahesh Singh et al GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS (GIC) IN
DENTISTRY: A REVIEW International Journal of Plant, Animal and

11. •Root caries.
•Tunnel restorations.
•Core built up.
•As a repair material.
•Sealing at root surface for over dentures.
•As a liner or base.
•Luting cement.
Use of GIC in endodontics
•Sealing root canals retrogradely.
•Restoring pulps chamber .
•Perforation repair .
•Repair of external root resorption.
11
Mahesh Singh et al GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS (GIC) IN DENTISTRY: A REVIEW International
Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences .2011,1(1),26.

12. •In stress bearing areas.
•Cuspal coverage.
•In mouth breathers.
•Labial buildups.
Contraindications
12
Anusavice KPhillips R. Phillips' science of dental materials. St.
Louis, Mo.: Saunders; 2013-12th edition.

13. Traditional glass ionomer
powder:
•Silica - 35-50%
•Alumina - 20-30%
•Aluminum fluoride - 1.5-2.5%
•Calcium fluoride - 15-20%
•Sodium fluoride - 3-6%
•Aluminum phosphate - 4-1.2%
•LANTHANUM/BARIUM - trace
Composition
13

14. 14
Liquid:
•Polyacrylic acid (Itaconic acid,maleic acid) - 40-
50%
•Tartaric acid - traces.
•Water - 50%

15. Functions of components:
•Alumina (Al2 O3) :Increase opacity .
•Silica (SiO2) : Increase Translucency .
•Fluoride:
•Anti-cariogenecity .
•Increase translucency .
•Increase working time.
•Increase strength.
15

16. •Calcium fluoride (Ca F2):
• Increase opacity.
•Acts as flux.
•Aluminium phosphates :
• Increase translucency.
• Decrease melting temperature.
•Cryolite (Na3 Al F6) :
•Increase translucency .
•Acts as flux.
16

17. •Water: Reaction medium and helps in hydrating the
matrix.
• Tartaric acid:
•Increases WT.
•Increases translucency .
• Improves manipubality.
• Increases strength .
• Polyphosphates: extends Working Time.
• Metal oxides: accelerates Setting Time.
17
Mahesh Singh et al GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS (GIC) IN DENTISTRY: A REVIEW
International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences .2011,1(1),26.

18. 18
 Acid base reaction:
The setting reaction involves 4 stages:
•Decomposition of powder.
•Gelation.
•Hardening.
•Maturation.
Setting
Reaction
Khoroushi M, Keshani FA review of glass-ionomers: From conventional glass-
ionomer to bioactive glass-ionomer Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2013 ; 10(4): 411–420.

19. 19
Decomposition of the powder:
•Surfaces of glass particles are attacked by the acid
•Metallic cations are released into the solution .
•Silicate gel layer forms on the surface of the
particles.
Gelation:
•With an increase in the concentration of cations,
the pH value of the aqueous phase increases.
• Results in a greater ionization of carboxylic acid.
•At a specific point, the gel structure is formed
through weak ionic cross-links and formation of
hydrogen bonds.
Khoroushi M, Keshani FA review of glass-ionomers: From conventional glass-ionomer to
bioactive glass-ionomer Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2013 ; 10(4): 411–420.

20. 20
Hardening:
•Formation of cross-links in the polyalkenoic acid
chains as leads to the hardening of the cement.
•Final material consists of un-reacted glass
particles surrounded by the polysalt matrix
containing cross-links.
Maturation:
• The reaction continues after setting and bond
strengths increase.
Khoroushi M, Keshani FA review of glass-ionomers: From conventional glass-ionomer to
bioactive glass-ionomer Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2013 ; 10(4): 411–420.

21. 21
ACID BASE REACTION DUAL CURE MECHANISM
TRI -CURE MECHANISM
Mount, Graham J. An atlas of glass-ionomer cements: a clinicians guide.
London: Martin Dunitz-2nd edition..

22. Biocompatibility
Anticariogenicity
Aesthetics
Adhesion
Radiopacity
Dimensional stability
PROPERTIES
22
Anusavice KPhillips R. Phillips' science of dental materials. St. Louis,
Mo.: Saunders; 2013-12th edition.

23. 23
•Metallic fillers have been incorporated in GICs
to improve
their fracture toughness and stress-bearing
capacity.
METAL-
REINFORCED
GLASS
IONOMER
CEMENTS
TYPES
MIRACLE MIX CERMET
Anusavice KPhillips R. Phillips' science of dental materials. St. Louis,
Mo.: Saunders; 2013-12th edition.

24. Miracle mix
(Simmons-1977)
24
• Prepared by physical blend of silver alloy
powder to glass ionomer cement.
Advantages:
•Improves the compressive strength of the
resultant GIC .
Disadvantages:
•Resistance to abrasion, tensile strength
and fracture toughness were found to be
inferior.
Anusavice KPhillips R. Phillips' science of dental materials. St. Louis,
Mo.: Saunders; 2013-12th edition.

25. 25
• In addition, silver particulates decreased the
translucency of the cement to a great extent.
Uses:
• It was used in core build up and in the treatment
of patients with high caries index.

26. •Cermet is manufactured by sintering
compressed pellets made from fine silver
powder and GIC powder.
• At temperature of 800°C.
Powder: Sintering of silver powder and
glass powder 5% Titanium oxide .
Liquid: Glass ionomer cement liquid.
Cermet cements
(McLean and
Gasser in 1978)
26
Craig R, Powers J, Sakaguchi R. Craig's restorative dental materials. St. Louis, Mo.:
Mosby Elsevier-14th edition.2012

27. •Titanium dioxide(5%) is added to improve the color.
Advantages:
•These cements harden rapidly, so they can be finished
in a relatively short time.
•Increased wear resistance.
27
 Disavantages :
•flexural strength and abrasion resistance are not
significantly better.
•Fluoride release is diminished.

28. ADVANCES IN GIC.
•Metal modified glass ionomer cement.
•Resin modified glass ionomer cements.
•High viscosity glass ionomer cements.
•Low-viscosity glass ionomer cements.
•Water – hardening glass ionomer cements.
•Compomer.
•Amalgomer CR.
•Calcium aluminate glass ionomer.
•Zirconomer.
•Giomers.
•Proline-containing glass ionomer.
28

29. •Bio active glass ionomer.
•Fiber reinforced glass ionomer.
•Hainomers.
•Nano Bioceramic impregnated GIC.
•Antibacterial GIC.
•CPP – ACP Containing GIC.
•Nano-modified resin-modified glass ionomer cements.
•Nano-hydroxyapatite and ionomers.
29

30. Resin
modified
glass
ionomer
(hybrid ionomer
cement)
Definition: A hybrid cement that combines a glass
powder, such as used in glass ionomers, and a liquid
that contains polymerizable groups attached to the
polyacrylic acid, such as HEMA, and catalysts, such as
diphenyliodonium chloride.
(Mitra and
Antounucci)
30
Anusavice KPhillips R. Phillips' science of dental materials. St.
Louis, Mo.: Saunders; 2013-12th edition.

31. Composition:
• Powder-fluoro aluminosilicate glass particles of a
conventional GIC plus initiators, such as
camphorquinone, for light curing and/or chemical
curing.
• Liquid -contains a water solution of polyacrylic
acid, HEMA, and polyacrylic acid modified with
methacrylate.
31
Anusavice KPhillips R. Phillips' science of dental materials. St. Louis, Mo.:
Saunders; 2013-12th edition.

32. 32
Indications:
•Liners base materials.
•Fissure Sealants.
•Core buildups.
•Restorative .
•Adhesives for orthodontic
brackets.
•Repair of amalgam.
•Retrograde root filling
materials.
Anusavice KPhillips R. Phillips' science of dental materials. St. Louis, Mo.:
Saunders; 2013-12th edition.

33. Condensable
/ Self
Hardening
GIC
• Chemically activated RMGIC with no light activation at
all.
•Developed mainly for luting purposes.
• Contain monomers and chemical initiatiors such as benzoyl
peroxide and t- amines to allow self polymerization.
Uses
• mainly in paediatric dentistry for cementation of stainless
steel crowns,space maintainers, bands and brackets .
33
Dr.Rohit Dhoot, Dr.Sarvesha Bhondwe, Dr.Vishal Mahajan et al Advances in
Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC): A Review IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical

34. Water –
hardening
glass
ionomer
cements(prof
fesor)
• The conventional GIC’S is usually
supplied as a powder and a Polyacid liquid.
• When the Polyacid is present in solution,
an increase in either molecular weight or
concentration will increase the viscosity of
the liquid.
•Making the cement paste progressively
more difficult to manipulate.
34
Nagaraja Upadhya P and Kishore G. Glass Ionomer Cement – The
Different Generations Trends Biomater. Artif. Organs, 2005 ,18 (2).

35. •Hence there is a trend away from using poly
acrylic acid in solution and toward using it in
solid form for blending with glass ionomer
powder.
• The liquid for cement formation is then either
plain water or an aqueous solution of tartaric
acid.
• These cements are called as water mixed or
water hardened cements.
35

36. High-viscosity
glass ionomer
cement
•They were designed as an alternative to
amalgam for posterior preventive
restorations.
•Higher viscosity is the result of the addition
of polyacrylic acid to the powder and finer
grain – size distribution.
36
Ex:Fuji IX and Ketac Molar.
Anusavice KPhillips R. Phillips' science of dental materials. St.
Louis, Mo.: Saunders; 2013-12th edition.

37. 37
Low
Viscosity
(Flowable
GIC).
•Low viscosity is due to low powder liquid
ratio.
Uses:
• Lining.
• Pit and fissure sealing.
• Endodontic sealers.
• Sealing of hypersensitive cervical areas.
Ex: Fuji lining LC, Fuji III and IV, Ketac
– Endo.
Dr.Rohit Dhoot, Dr.Sarvesha Bhondwe, Dr.Vishal Mahajan et al Advances in Glass
Ionomer Cement (GIC): A Review IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences

38. Compomer•Composite +glass ionomer = compomer.
•Poly acid modified composite.
•Fluoride releasing capacity of gic
+durability of composites.
38
Dr.Rohit Dhoot, Dr.Sarvesha Bhondwe, Dr.Vishal Mahajan et al Advances in
Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC): A Review IOSR Journal of Dental and

39. Composition:
Compomer One paste:
• methacrylate monomer, acidic monomer
,fluoroaluminosilicate glass initiator Light-activated
polymerization.
2 paste or powder liquid system
•Powder: fluoroaluminosilicate glass, metallic oxides,
sodium fluoride, chemically and/or light-activated
initiator(s).
•Liquid: dimethacrylate/carboxylic monomers, multiple
functional acrylate monomers water, activator (for
chemical cure)Light- or chemically activated.
39

40. Indications
P & F sealant.
Mainly used in low stress-bearing areas such as Class III
and V prepared cavity.
Bases for composites.
Contraindications :
•Class IV lesions.
•Conventional class II cavities.
•Lost cusp areas.
•Restorations involving large labial surface.
40
Anusavice KPhillips R. Phillips' science of dental materials. St. Louis, Mo.:
Saunders; 2013-12th edition.

41. 41
Advantages:
•Ease of use, esthetics.
•More working time than gic.
•Easy adaptation of tooth.
•Fracture toughness, flexural strength and wear resistance
are better than GIC .
•Superior working characteristics to RMGIC.
Disadvantages:
•Fluoride release was lesser then the conventional
glass ionomer and has no fluoride recharge capacity.

42. •Fluoride-releasing, resin-based adhesive
material that comprises PRG fillers.
Giomers
Mara Elena Rusnac et al Giomers in dentistry – at the boundary between dental
composites and glass-ionomers medicine and pharmacy reports.2019. 92( 2 ) , 123
- 128 .
42

43. Advantages
•Esthetics.
•Good mechanical resistance.
•They have high flexibility and are less likely to be
dislocated from areas with high functional stress.
Disavantages
•Micro-leakage is higher for giomers and lower for
glass ionomers and zirconomers.
43
Mara Elena Rusnac et al Giomers in dentistry – at the boundary between dental
composites and glass-ionomers medicine and pharmacy reports.2019. 92( 2 ) , 123 -
128 .

44. Amalgomer
CR
Abhishek Bhattacharya et alGIC at It’s best – A review on ceramic
reinforced GIC International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 2017;
•Ceramic-reinforced glass ionomer .
•Powder: Fluoro-aluminosilicate glass,
polyacrylic acid powder, tartaric acid
powder and ceramic reinforcing powder.
•Liquid: Polyacrylic acid and distilled
water .
44

45. • Class I and Class II Cavities .
• Repair of amalgam restored tooth or # restoration .
• As a Base under composite restorations .
• Classes of cavity were radiopacity is prime concern .
• As core build up under crowns .
• On the root surfaces for locating over-dentures .
• Long term temporary replacement for cusp(s) and
Repair to crown margin.
 Indications
45

46. Zirconomer
® (White
Amalgam)
• A new class of restorative GIC with increased
strength and durability is developed, it shows
strength of amalgam, so it is also called white
amalgam.
•It contains zirconium oxide, glass powder, tartaric
acid (1–10%), polyacrylic acid (20–50%), and
deionized water as its liquid.
• Ideal restorative material for posterior teeth
especially in patients with high caries incidence.
46
Srikumar,Naiza Elsa, 3Mookambika et al NEWER ADVANCES IN GLASS
IONOMER CEMENT: A REVIEW Annals and Essences of Dentistry.2016.

47. Advantages
•Strength.
•Durability.
•Sustained fluoride release.
• Easy mixing and adequate
working time .
47

48. 48
•Alumina fibres are incorparated into the glass powder to
improve upon its flexural strength.
•Advantages:
•Increased depth of cure.
•Reduced polymerization shrinkage.
•Improved wear resistance.
•Increase in flexural strength.
Fiber
Reinforced
GIC
Dr.Rohit Dhoot, Dr.Sarvesha Bhondwe, Dr.Vishal Mahajan et al Advances
in Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC): A Review IOSR Journal of Dental and

49. CPP – ACP
Containing
GIC • Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium
phosphate incorporated into a glass-ionomer cement.
•Incorporation of 1.56% w/w CPP-ACP into the GIC.
significantly increased microtensile bond strength
(33%) and compressive strength (23%) .
•Enhanced the release of calcium, phosphate, and
fluoride ions at neutral and acidic pH.
49
Srikumar,Naiza Elsa, Mookambika et al NEWER ADVANCES IN GLASS
IONOMER CEMENT: A REVIEW Annals and Essences of Dentistry.2016. VIII (4) .

50. •It is developed to increase the anticariogenic action
of GIC.
•Still under experimental stage.
Anti-bacterial
glass-ionomer
cement.
Tahereh Mohammadi et al Antibacterial glass-ionomer cement restorative materials: A critical
review on the current status of extended release formulations Journal of Controlled Release.
2017.262. 317–328
50

51. Nano-modified
resin-modified
glass ionomer
cements
•Nanoclusters of silica –added to powder formulation
of the RMGICs .
•To improve the mechanical properties and fluoride
release from the set cement .
• No significant difference between , tensile bond
strength of nanoRMGICs and conventional GIC .
51
Shariq nazeeb et al modifications in Glass Ionomer Cements: Nano-Sized Fillers
and Bioactive Nanoceramics Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016;17(7), 1134.

52. •Clinical studies has shown that there is no
difference between the survival rates of RMGICs
and nano-RMGICs.
• Available as Ketac N100/Ketac Nano; 3M ESPE.
52

53. 53
•Nano hydroxyapaptite / fluorapatite particles added to
FUJI II GC.
• Improved mechanical properties and improved bond
strength to dentin.
•Nanohydroxyapatite/fluoroapatite added cements
exhibited
compressive strength (177–179 MPa).
Diametral tensile strength (19–20 MPa).
flexural strength (26–28 MPa).
NANO
Bioceramic
Modified
GIC
Dr.Rohit Dhoot, Dr.Sarvesha Bhondwe, Dr.Vishal Mahajan et al Advances in Glass
Ionomer Cement (GIC): A Review IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences

54. 54
TEXT BOOK REFERENCES:
•Anusavice KPhillips R. Phillips' science of dental materials. St. Louis,
Mo.: Saunders; 2013-12th edition.
•Mount, Graham J. An atlas of glass-ionomer cements: a clinicians
guide. London: Martin Dunitz-2nd edition.
•Carel.L.Davidson ,Ivar A.Mjor Advances in glass ionomer cements
,Quintessence publishing Co INC.
•Craig R, Powers J, Sakaguchi R. Craig's restorative dental materials.
St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby Elsevier-14th edition.2012.
•Sikri, Vimal K. Textbook of operative dentistry.New Delhi:Cbs
Publishers & Dist, 2016-4th edition.