Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 2 - MacCoun
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This document summarizes research on the Dutch approach to cannabis policy, known as "de facto legalization". Key points include: - During the first decade after policy change in 1976, cannabis use prevalence did not increase, but sharply rose in the second decade due to commercialization of coffeeshops. - The Dutch system maintains high cannabis prices through prohibition on growers/traffickers while allowing sale to users, unlike potential US legalization with aggressive marketing and minimal price controls. - Experts note the Dutch policy was a product of addressing the heroin threat in the 1970s but the policy window has since closed, with unintended consequences like street dealing and production shifting elsewhere.
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This document discusses GW Pharmaceuticals' investigation of Cannabidiol (CBD) as a potential therapeutic product. GW Pharmaceuticals is developing a purified CBD product called Epidiolex to treat rare and severe forms of childhood epilepsy. Clinical trials showed Epidiolex significantly reduced seizures in patients with Dravet Syndrome. If approved by the FDA, Epidiolex would be the first prescription drug in the United States containing a purified drug substance derived from cannabis. The FDA approval process ensures patient safety and requires rigorous clinical trials, but takes years and is expensive.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Williams
The document summarizes state medical marijuana programs in the United States. It finds that there is great variation among state programs, with an average score of 1.96 out of 7 on factors reflecting a medical model. Programs enacted more recently through state legislatures in Northeastern and Midwestern states (medicalized programs) tend to be more highly regulated compared to earlier voter initiative programs in Western states (non-medical programs). Medicalized programs have fewer participants, with an average of 58 enrollments per 100,000 residents compared to over 1,000 in non-medical programs. The presentation concludes with a case study of New York's strictly regulated medical marijuana program.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Seiveright
Jamaica has recently passed legislation decriminalizing possession of small amounts of cannabis and legalizing its medical use. This represents progress toward reforming cannabis laws, which were made stricter under British rule and international treaties, despite cannabis having traditional medical and religious uses in Jamaica. The new law allows possession of up to 2 ounces, cultivation of up to 5 plants per household, and imports/exports for medical or scientific purposes. However, regulations are still pending and challenges remain regarding banking restrictions and reactions from other countries.
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Uruguay has reformed its drug policy based on a framework of security, public health, and human rights. It prioritizes human rights conventions and national sovereignty over international drug conventions. Uruguay regulates cannabis to reduce the negative impacts of drugs and incarceration for possession. The regulation creates a domestic cannabis industry and allows medical use and research. Adults can access cannabis through self-cultivation, cannabis clubs, or purchasing up to 40 grams per month from pharmacies. Production is licensed and regulated by the government.
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Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
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原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
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8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
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Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 2 - MacCoun
- 1. Re-Learning from the Dutch Coffeeshop Experience Rob MacCoun Stanford Law School
- 3. 2011 2016 Stanford University US-style prohibition Dutch-style de facto legalization: • Sword of Damocles • Artificially high prices • THC limits US-style legalization: • aggressive marketing • minimal price controls?
- 4. Change Had No Effect on Prevalence During First Decade... 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 Percent ever used Policy Change 18 yr olds MacCoun & Reuter (1997, Science)
- 5. …But Use Increased Sharply in Second Decade 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 '70 '72 '74 '76 '78 '80 '82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 Percent ever used Increase was steeper than seen elsewhere in Europe MacCoun & Reuter (1997, Science)
- 7. But Dutch less likely to move on to hard drugs MacCoun (Addiction, 2011)
- 8. Availability and youth use
- 12. Key caveat: Dutch prices stayed high MacCoun (2011): two different estimates First showed 2005 prices per gram comparable for Dutch Nederwiet and US marijuana herb But Dutch cheaper on purity-adjusted basis Second showed US prices actually lower But roughly comparable on a purity-adjusted basis “…prices in the Netherlands are elevated by their unusual hybrid regime which approximates legalization at the user level, but European style prohibition at the level of the growers and traffickers…”
- 13. Marcel de Kort To understand Dutch policy, need to understand the heroin threat in the 1970s H. Cohen’s sociological interpretation of the “gateway theory”: Separate the markets to prevent contact with hard- drug dealers
- 14. Franz Trautmann Policy window that opened (in 1970s) and has closed (past decade) Unintended conseqs include growth of street dealing Production shifting to Belgium? Move toward rationalizing the “back door problem” through overt regulation
- 15. Tom Blickman Contrary to “laissez-faire” image, Dutch have actively struggled to regulate the coffeeshops Tightening rules Closing shops “weed pass” THC limits Regulating supply?
- 16. Tom Blickman
- 17. Dutch no longer have highest rate
- 18. Niesink et al (2015) THC potency
- 19. 2011 2016 Stanford University US-style prohibition Dutch-style de facto legalization: • Sword of Damocles • Artificially high prices • THC limits US-style legalization: • aggressive marketing • minimal price controls?
- 20. Two images Sword of Damocles Regulatory Capture
- 21. How will Dutch respond to the end of US bullying?