Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 2 - de Kort
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The document summarizes the origins and development of Dutch cannabis policy from the 1970s to the present. Key events included the recommendations of committees in the late 1960s and early 1970s to decriminalize cannabis, the introduction of heroin in 1972 which led to stricter drug laws, and the rise of coffee shops in the 1970s-1980s which established a system of toleration for soft drugs like cannabis. The coffee shop system developed pragmatically rather than through a formal policy and expectations of legalization were not met. Over time coffee shops faced some regulation to address issues like advertising, hard drugs, nuisances, and minors.
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1
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11320171Chapter 13 Public Order Crimes-Slides and
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1
Chapter 13: Public Order Crimes
-Slides and data in this outline are from Adler, Mueller, and Laufer (2007, 2013 &
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Drug abuse and crime
Alcohol and crime
Sexual morality offenses
Law and Morality
• Public Order Crimes
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• Opium (Morphine and Codeine)
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• Civil War morphine = Soldiers disease
• 1860s cocaine to unblock sinues.
• Alcohol and its prohibition
• January 16, 1920, the 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale and
transportation of alcoholic beverages.
• Women’s Christian Temperance Union
• American Anti-Saloon League (Carrie Nation).
• December 5, 1933, the 21st Amendment to the Constitution repealed 18th.
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• Extent of substance abuse
• Alcohol abuse in USA national high school studies: approximately 52%
• Binge drinking – 5x once per month 23%
• Heavy drinking – 5 per night 5 x per month 6%
• NHS surveys show:
• Drug abuse declined between 1970-1990
• Increased until 1996
• 2007 till now marijuana rose to an all time high
• Major issues: K2 and spice is synthetic marijuana (not plant based)
• Overall drug used peaked in 1970s, decreased till 1990s and now steady.
• Exceptions: Marijuana and Heroin (US epidemic) has increased since 2011
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• Substance abuse appears to be heavily linked to crime.
• Adolescents who use illegal drugs engage in more fights and theft.
• 40% incarcerated adults for violence crimes used alcohol before arrest.
• Alcohol reduces restraint on aggression
• Alcohol reduces awareness of consequences
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11320171Chapter 13 Public Order Crimes-Slides and
11/3/2017
1
Chapter 13: Public Order Crimes
-Slides and data in this outline are from Adler, Mueller, and Laufer (2007, 2013 &
2018); Siegel (2015); and modified by Manning (2007, 2013, 2015 & 2018).
Drug abuse and crime
Alcohol and crime
Sexual morality offenses
Law and Morality
• Public Order Crimes
• Behavior that is outlawed because it threatens the general well-being of
society and challenges its accepted moral principles.
• Sometimes referred to as victimless crimes.
• Drug and alcohol use, prostitution, pornography and even gambling.
• Censorship of those freely choosing to engage maybe a violation of free
speech.
• Which may lead to dissent
• Moral Crusaders say it doesn’t diminish freedom of opinion.
Law and Morality
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• Social harm
• Immoral acts can be distinguished from crimes on the basis of the injury they cause:
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harm no one.
• 500,000 US deaths per year due to alcohol and tobacco
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• What about polygamy, or minors and marriage?
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• Egypt – use of opium
• Religion 3,500 BC; Painkiller 1,600 AD
• USE – Use begins for medical purposes
• Opium (Morphine and Codeine)
• Used to treat a wide variety of illness
• Civil War morphine = Soldiers disease
• 1860s cocaine to unblock sinues.
• Alcohol and its prohibition
• January 16, 1920, the 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale and
transportation of alcoholic beverages.
• Women’s Christian Temperance Union
• American Anti-Saloon League (Carrie Nation).
• December 5, 1933, the 21st Amendment to the Constitution repealed 18th.
Stats on drug abuse
• Extent of substance abuse
• Alcohol abuse in USA national high school studies: approximately 52%
• Binge drinking – 5x once per month 23%
• Heavy drinking – 5 per night 5 x per month 6%
• NHS surveys show:
• Drug abuse declined between 1970-1990
• Increased until 1996
• 2007 till now marijuana rose to an all time high
• Major issues: K2 and spice is synthetic marijuana (not plant based)
• Overall drug used peaked in 1970s, decreased till 1990s and now steady.
• Exceptions: Marijuana and Heroin (US epidemic) has increased since 2011
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• Substance abuse appears to be heavily linked to crime.
• Adolescents who use illegal drugs engage in more fights and theft.
• 40% incarcerated adults for violence crimes used alcohol before arrest.
• Alcohol reduces restraint on aggression
• Alcohol reduces awareness of consequences
• Drunk driving
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• There are differences in criminality ...
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Tobacco groups challenge Australia's new law requiring plain packaging of cigarettes. The law aims to reduce branding and discourage smoking by eliminating the attractive effects of packaging. Tobacco groups argue the law will reduce their market share and competitive advantage. One year on, studies show plain packaging smokers find cigarettes lower quality and are less satisfied, increasing motivation to quit. However, tobacco sales have remained stable, with companies adapting to changing regulations. National laws can significantly impact marketing strategies in industries like alcohol, tobacco, and pharmaceuticals by restricting advertising practices.
Cigarette wars
Tobacco is one of the most widely used addictive substances worldwide. In 2005, China, the European Union, and India were the top tobacco consumers and producers. The four largest cigarette brands, owned by American tobacco companies, control around 70% of the global cigarette market. Tobacco companies spend billions on marketing, with most spent on price discounts and promotions to retailers. While tobacco use has declined since the 1960s due to health concerns, the industry remains controversial but economically significant, with hundreds of thousands of related jobs.
Drugs, bugs and the things that unite them
This document provides background on the speaker Jean-Paul Grund and his experience studying drug use through ethnographic research. It outlines his timeline of research from the 1960s studying cannabis, psychedelics, opium and speed through the 2000s doing research in the Netherlands. It discusses the emergence of heroin and cocaine use in the Netherlands and how the social context and drug markets influenced risk behaviors over time, such as the shift from needle sharing to drug sharing practices. It also outlines Grund's research on drug use and HIV risks in Russia and Central and Eastern Europe, including the traditions of group drug preparation and injection in those regions.
Effects of cannabis legalization
Describes the predicted consequences of the legalization of adult ("recreational") use of cannabis, vs. what actually happened, focused on Colorado State.
Drugs in the Global Community
This document discusses drugs as chemical commodities that are bought and sold globally. It outlines the major producing and trafficking countries for different illegal drugs like marijuana, cocaine, and heroin. While some drugs are legal, most that are trafficked internationally for profit are illegal. The drug trade is a highly lucrative but decentralized illegal business involving producers, traffickers, and local dealers. Reducing drug demand is key to better regulating the large illegal market.
COMU3222 (Part 2)
The tobacco industry faced growing pressure from health organizations and governments between 1950-2010 due to the negative health effects of smoking. The industry used public relations strategies like promoting smoking as cool and stress-relieving to influence public views and undermine anti-smoking efforts. Governments implemented various tobacco control policies over time like health warnings and advertising bans. Health organizations worked to educate the public on smoking risks while the industry sought to distract from these issues and maintain profits.
Addiction
This document discusses addiction, primarily focusing on alcohol and drug addiction. It defines addiction and describes the conditions of alcoholism. It provides statistics on drinking patterns in the US and details that over 60% of Americans drink, 25% sometimes drink too much, and alcohol abuse is more common among young people and whites. The document also covers the health, social, and economic costs of addiction. Physical health consequences include liver disease and early death, while social consequences include increased risk of injuries, violence and criminal behavior when intoxicated.
Party Drugs Update - North Eastern Ontario Opening Doors Conference (Sudbury)...
Party Drugs Update - North Eastern Ontario Opening Doors Conference (Sudbury)...Ontario HIV and Substance Use Training Program
E, K, G, BZP, 2CB, 5MeO-DIPT...
“Party Drugs” such as Ecstasy, Ketamine and GHB have not gone away. However, there have been significant changes to purity and associated risks. As well, a proliferation of new substances are quickly appearing.
What are some of the current substances being used and the risk reduction messages we should be sharing, particularly with today’s youth?
We will look at:
Street Drugs --> Party Drugs --> NPS
Specific substances:
- What they are
- How they work
- Immediate risks
- Longer-term concerns
- Risk reduction strategies
The drift to individualised control of drinkers: where are we headed?
Presentation by Robin Room, Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Turning Point Alcohol & Drug Centre, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne. Presented at the DrugInfo seminar on crime and disorder at Melbourne Exhibition Centre, 5 September, 2012.
Is nicotine reduction a viable policy for tobacco control? No, Definitely not...
My critique of the proposal that regulators should reduce the concentration of nicotine in cigarettes to a sub-addictive level - effectively a prohibition of cigarettes as we know them.
Presentation at SRNT 2017 in Florence, Italy on 8 March 2017.
Substance Abuse in Canada
Substance abuse is a major issue in Canada that costs billions annually. It is defined as the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and ecstasy are some of the most commonly abused substances. Long term substance abuse can seriously damage physical and mental health. Treating substance abuse involves medical and therapeutic interventions like detoxification, counseling, and support groups. Government organizations and non-profits work to prevent substance abuse and support recovery efforts.
Pinson presentation
This document provides an overview of prescription drug abuse in the United States. It discusses how the U.S. consumes a disproportionate amount of opioids and other prescription drugs globally. The document traces the historical factors that have contributed to the development of America's drug culture, from the Civil War era to modern pharmaceutical marketing practices. It also shares current statistics on prescription drug abuse rates and risks in Nevada. The presentation concludes by outlining the activities of Nevada's Controlled Substance Prescription Abuse Prevention Task Force and its prescription monitoring program.
Powerpoint for research paper
The document discusses the pros of legalizing marijuana. It provides a brief history of marijuana, noting its origins in China and Central Asia in 3000 BCE. It then outlines several medical uses for marijuana, including for cancer patients, glaucoma, pain, depression, arthritis, AIDS patients, and severe nausea. Additional pros listed include allowing individual freedom of choice, generating tax revenue, reducing crime and prison populations, and potential economic benefits. Estimates suggest legalizing marijuana could generate over $20 billion annually in tax revenue and public savings in the United States.
The ChemSex phenomenon
The document discusses the phenomenon of "chemsex" among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in the UK. Chemsex refers to using drugs like mephedrone, GHB/GBL, and crystal methamphetamine in order to enhance sexual experiences. It has become a significant issue, leading to increased risk-taking, addiction, and rising STI/HIV transmission. The document outlines the drugs commonly used, trends observed in MSM communities and support services, and recent responses from health organizations to address chemsex and promote harm reduction.
Chapter 1 Drugs and Society
This document provides an introduction to key concepts related to drugs and society. It discusses commonly abused drugs and drug use statistics. It also addresses factors that influence drug use such as biological, cultural, social and contextual factors. The document defines types of drug use and users. It provides statistics on drug use trends in the United States and costs of drug use and addiction to society.
Similar to Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 2 - de Kort (20)
Party Drugs Update - North Eastern Ontario Opening Doors Conference (Sudbury)...
Party Drugs Update - North Eastern Ontario Opening Doors Conference (Sudbury)...
The drift to individualised control of drinkers: where are we headed?
The drift to individualised control of drinkers: where are we headed?
Is nicotine reduction a viable policy for tobacco control? No, Definitely not...
Is nicotine reduction a viable policy for tobacco control? No, Definitely not...
More from CannabisSummit
Cannabis Science & Police Summit - Day 1 - Zinsmeister
The document discusses public opinion and the UN drug conventions regarding drug policy reforms. It summarizes that legalization is still a minority position at the UN as the majority of member states still favor prohibitionist approaches. Several polls and surveys cited show that public opinion in Europe and Latin America also generally opposes marijuana legalization and favors maintaining prohibition. When asked about decriminalization, reaction is still mixed. The Latin American public sees drugs as both a security and public health issue.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 2 - Flaster
The document summarizes a panel discussion on adulterants in cannabis regulation and testing, with panelists from various cannabis industry organizations. The panel discusses issues around growing practices, ensuring quality and consistency of cannabis products, and the importance of testing for contaminants and validating test methods to verify constituents and ensure consumer safety. Proper growing, accountability through testing, and transparency were emphasized as important to building trust in the cannabis industry.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 2 - Reuter
1) Canada is taking a sensible approach to legalizing cannabis by planning in advance, articulating specific goals, developing an evaluation process, and coordinating federal and provincial governments.
2) A report from CAMH advocates for a government monopoly over supply to allow for adjustments to product mix as understanding of harms increases, and argues this approach promotes health equity by reducing arrests of minorities and poor people under prohibition.
3) However, the report is criticized for not adequately recognizing potential benefits of cannabis use or considering whether pleasure should count in policymaking, and relying too much on a health model without considering other social harms.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 2 - Novak
This document summarizes a study that used latent class analysis to identify patterns of medical cannabis consumption among 50 patients in San Francisco. The analysis identified 4 classes: pure therapy (10%), pure euphoria (10%), mixed motives (55%), and smoked euphoria (25%). Characteristics like gender, medical conditions, and socioeconomic status were associated with class membership. Probability of consumption varied by day of week and payday cycles, with higher use on weekends and paydays. The findings suggest medical cannabis is used more for euphoria than purely medical reasons for most patients.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 2 - Jacobson
This document discusses the future of medical cannabis. It outlines a spectrum of cannabis use from medical to therapeutic/wellness to recreational. While some conditions like cancer pain, nausea, and epilepsy have seen medical cannabis legalized, mainstream medicine does not recognize it as a legitimate treatment due to a lack of chemical definition and clinical research. More research is needed to establish safe and effective dosing as well as drug interactions before medical cannabis can be fully accepted. The current system also fails patients in terms of accessibility, insurance coverage, and appropriate medical supervision.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Wetterau
1. ASAM supports decriminalizing marijuana possession for personal use and treating it as a civil offense linked to contingencies like mandated clinical assessment and treatment.
2. ASAM does not support legalizing marijuana and recommends caution in jurisdictions that have not legalized it yet until more is learned from places that have.
3. The document outlines several recommendations from ASAM for regulating legalized recreational marijuana and expanding access to treatment and prevention services for marijuana use, especially among youth.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Sabet
This document discusses alternatives to legalizing marijuana that were presented in a RAND report on Vermont. It notes that most of the options presented in the RAND report were still versions of legalization, and that there are other models that do not involve legalizing marijuana. These include civil citation programs that require drug assessment, community service, and interventions for first-time offenders, diversion programs requiring drug education or treatment, and decriminalization laws requiring drug education or treatment following an offense. The document provides examples of such programs in Florida, New Jersey, Maryland, and Maryland's decriminalization law.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Miller
This document analyzes the legal marijuana market in Washington state using traceability data from the state's seed-to-sale tracking system. Three key findings are: (1) Prices fell substantially over time due to increased supply and competition among producers and processors; (2) While product characteristics changed dramatically, retail quantities were not significantly affected by a tax change, suggesting demand is inelastic; (3) Entry into the market was high initially but has slowed, and supply has increased substantially.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Kagan
This document discusses options for regulating recreational marijuana in California if legalized. It recommends taking a relatively tight initial regulatory approach to create a single market, building in the ability to change regulations over time based on data, and requiring extensive data collection. Key regulatory areas to focus on include cultivation and production licensing, restricting sales to adults, establishing taxes, preventing impaired driving and abuse, and designating an oversight agency. An effective regulatory system would manage the entire supply chain, limit youth access, raise revenue, and monitor public health and safety impacts ongoing.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Fortin
1) The document analyzes cannabis policy and markets in Colorado following legalization of recreational cannabis.
2) It finds evidence that the recreational market is cannibalizing the medical market, especially in tourist counties, but is also expanding overall demand.
3) A dual pricing scheme, with lower prices for medical patients and higher prices for recreational users, has successfully achieved price discrimination and appears optimal for balancing economic and social outcomes.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Midgette
This document summarizes a report on marijuana legalization in Vermont. It finds that marijuana use is more prevalent in Vermont than the rest of the US. Currently, Vermont spends $800,000-$1.1 million annually prohibiting marijuana. The report discusses 12 policy alternatives to the status quo and models potential tax revenue from legalization, finding it could be in the tens of millions annually from Vermont users alone. However, regulation costs and uncertainty around impacts on substance use make projections difficult.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - MacCoun
This document summarizes key points from Jon's talk on cannabis legalization. It notes that national legalization following an alcohol model is likely. Long-run cannabis consumption may double. Prices and quantity consumed matter more than the number of consumers. There are many policy levers but it is unclear if they are being used effectively to learn what works. National legalization is not guaranteed and effects in states like Colorado are still uncertain due to many complicating factors. The fundamental tradeoff is that legalization may reduce average harm per dose while increasing total doses consumed, with the net public health effect unknown.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Hall
This document discusses complications that arise when comparing the risks of alcohol and cannabis. While cannabis appears less harmful than alcohol in some ways, its legal status and patterns of use are confounded by prohibition. Additionally, risks may increase with legalization, such as from more potent products, and cannabis use has been correlated with poorer cognitive and social outcomes from sustained daily use. Finally, there are regulatory and health education challenges to legalizing cannabis in a way that minimizes risks of dependence and impairment while developing credible public health advice.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Courtwright
The document discusses regulating cannabis as a "temptation good" by learning from other vices like alcohol and proposes a "Goth-Pot" system where cannabis would be produced and sold by a public monopoly trust with limited advertising, retail locations, and product potency to prevent abuse and unwanted habits, similar to Sweden's historical Gothenburg System for regulating alcohol. It also includes poll data showing most Americans see tobacco as more harmful than alcohol, sugar, or marijuana.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Caulkins
This document discusses different aspects of legalizing marijuana, including defining levels of legalization and comparing marijuana legalization to other regulated substances and markets. It also provides statistics on current marijuana use patterns in the US, highlighting that most use is concentrated among relatively heavy users and those with substance abuse problems. The potential public health impacts of legalization are uncertain and will depend on how regulations shape the legal market.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Smart
This document outlines a study examining the effects of growth in legal medical marijuana markets on substance use and abuse. It describes collecting new data on registered medical marijuana patients to measure the size of legal markets over time. Variation in state supply regulations and federal enforcement are used to identify how legal market size impacts recreational marijuana use and other health outcomes like traffic accidents and mortality. Results suggest that while medical marijuana laws alone have little effect, growth in the size of the legal market increases adolescent marijuana use but reduces alcohol- and opioid-related deaths among older adults by substituting marijuana for those substances.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Jelsma
This document discusses cannabis regulation and the UN drug control treaties. It notes that the 1961 Single Convention placed cannabis in Schedule I and IV, requiring abolition of traditional and medical uses. However, some countries were allowed transitional reservations for traditional use. The document questions whether the WHO ever properly reviewed cannabis or recommended its scheduling. It discusses options for reforming the UN drug treaties to allow more flexibility for countries to design their own cannabis policies.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Mead
This document discusses GW Pharmaceuticals' investigation of Cannabidiol (CBD) as a potential therapeutic product. GW Pharmaceuticals is developing a purified CBD product called Epidiolex to treat rare and severe forms of childhood epilepsy. Clinical trials showed Epidiolex significantly reduced seizures in patients with Dravet Syndrome. If approved by the FDA, Epidiolex would be the first prescription drug in the United States containing a purified drug substance derived from cannabis. The FDA approval process ensures patient safety and requires rigorous clinical trials, but takes years and is expensive.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Williams
The document summarizes state medical marijuana programs in the United States. It finds that there is great variation among state programs, with an average score of 1.96 out of 7 on factors reflecting a medical model. Programs enacted more recently through state legislatures in Northeastern and Midwestern states (medicalized programs) tend to be more highly regulated compared to earlier voter initiative programs in Western states (non-medical programs). Medicalized programs have fewer participants, with an average of 58 enrollments per 100,000 residents compared to over 1,000 in non-medical programs. The presentation concludes with a case study of New York's strictly regulated medical marijuana program.
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Seiveright
Jamaica has recently passed legislation decriminalizing possession of small amounts of cannabis and legalizing its medical use. This represents progress toward reforming cannabis laws, which were made stricter under British rule and international treaties, despite cannabis having traditional medical and religious uses in Jamaica. The new law allows possession of up to 2 ounces, cultivation of up to 5 plants per household, and imports/exports for medical or scientific purposes. However, regulations are still pending and challenges remain regarding banking restrictions and reactions from other countries.
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Cannabis Science & Police Summit - Day 1 - Zinsmeister
Cannabis Science & Police Summit - Day 1 - Zinsmeister
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 2 - Flaster
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 2 - Flaster
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 2 - Jacobson
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 2 - Jacobson
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Wetterau
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Wetterau
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Midgette
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Midgette
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - MacCoun
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - MacCoun
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Courtwright
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Courtwright
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Caulkins
Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Caulkins
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Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 1 - Williams
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Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptx
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsUnlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
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aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
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Cannabis Science & Policy Summit - Day 2 - de Kort
- 1. Origins of Dutch Cannabis Policy Marcel de Kort
- 2. Dutch Drug Policy is: • “lenient” • “a laissez-faire policy” • “a policy of indifference” • “an unmitigated disaster!” (Barry McCaffrey, US drug Czar) • “all drugs are legal in the Netherlands!” • “the Netherlands is a narco state”
- 3. How did we end up with an international image like this?
- 4. Conclusion • The coffee shop system is not the result of a preconceived plan or policy; • It is the result of: - pragmatic adaptation to changing contexts - wrong expectations - some naivety
- 5. Musto: late 60s beginning 70s “the return of drug toleration” • Wootton Committee (1968, UK) • Le Dain Committee (1972, Canada) • Shafer Committee (1973, USA) • Hulsman Committee (1971, the Netherlands) • Baan Committee (1972, the Netherlands)
- 6. They all point to the same direction; decriminalization!
- 7. The Dutch “Woodstock”; Holland Pop Festival Rotterdam June 1970
- 8. Key Questions: • What are the health and social consequences of marihuana use? • Is marihuana addictive? • Is the stepping stone theory correct? • What is the role of the law/criminal justice?
- 9. Heroin: the game changer • The introduction of heroin: summer 1972 • Rapid increase • Chinese triades, followed by Turkish organized crime
- 10. The political package deal: the revised 1976 “Opium Act” with 2 schedules • Up to 30 grams of soft drugs: misdemeanor • Above 30 grams: offence • Substantive increase of penalties possession/trade/production hard drugs
- 11. Expectations and naivety • Cannabis will be legalized worldwide within a couple of years • For the time being the expediency principle is an effective tool
- 12. From house dealers to coffee shops - 1970s -1980s • Toleration of house dealers in subsidized youth centers • House dealers in coffee shops • The separation of drug markets
- 13. 1980-1990 the era of indifference • No political interest in marihuana and coffee shops • Increase in number of coffee shops and commercialization • Increase prevalence cannabis use • Cannabis and organized crime: 1990s
- 14. AHOJG-criteria 1991 • No advertising (A) • No Hard drugs (H) • No Nuisance (O) • No minors (J) • No more than 500 grams in stock (G)
- 15. Continuity and Change 1995 • No legalization • No more than 5 grams per customer per day • Increased penalties for large scale cultivation • More regulation coffee shops locally