You scheduled a telephone appointment with a candidate. When you cannot reach him at the time of the meeting, you hear your doorbell ring... The candidate just came to your house instead of calling.
This document discusses reporting speech and verbs used to report speech. It provides examples of direct and indirect speech using reporting verbs like "say", "ask", and "tell". It also lists other reporting verbs that can be used like "order", "promise", "apologize", and "insist" along with examples of how to use them to report direct speech indirectly. Key things to check when changing direct to indirect speech are pronouns, verb tenses, place/time expressions, and word order for indirect questions.
The document defines and provides examples of indirect or reported speech. It explains that indirect speech expresses the content of statements, questions, or utterances without directly quoting them. It discusses how to transform different types of direct speech into indirect speech, including statements, questions, commands, requests, and advice. Key changes that may be required include changing verb tenses, pronouns, and adverbs of time and place. Exceptions to typical tense changes are also outlined.
The document discusses reported or indirect speech, which is used to describe what someone said in the past. It explains that in reported speech, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, and time/place expressions are changed compared to direct speech. Examples are provided showing how direct speech like "I am going now" would change to reported speech like "She said that she was going then." The different types of sentences that can be reported - statements, questions, and commands - are also described.
The document discusses the differences between using "say" and "tell" in the English language. "Say" is generally used to report what someone has said in a general sense, without specifying who they said it to. "Tell" implies that the speaker specifically informed or instructed someone else. Both "say" and "tell" can be used in reported speech, but "tell" requires an object like "me" or "you" while "say" uses a preposition. The document provides examples of correct and incorrect usage of "say" and "tell" in reported and direct speech.
This document discusses how to report requests, advice, promises, and instructions in reported speech. It notes that verbs like "ask", "advise", and "tell" can be used followed by a pronoun and infinitive. Tense and pronoun changes are required. Negative sentences also require changes. Examples are provided for reporting yes/no questions using "if" or "whether" and changing the tense. Wh-questions do not change word order and do not require auxiliary verbs in reported speech. Reporting suggestions and commands may require using the subjunctive form.
This document discusses how to report speech in indirect form by making various changes to pronouns, verbs, adverbs, and word order. Key points:
- Commands, requests, suggestions are reported using an object + infinitive construction with "to." Pronouns are added for clarity.
- Verb tenses and pronouns change when reporting past speech. Present tenses become past, and pronouns like "I" become "he/she."
- Questions are reported with changes to verb tenses, pronouns, adverbs and word order - interrogative word order becomes statement order.
1. The document describes the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. It explains how to change verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions, and question forms.
2. Key changes include changing present tenses to past, changing pronouns like "I" to "he/she", and changing words like "here" and "now" to "there" and "then". Question word order is maintained but question marks are only used with introductory phrases.
3. Reporting verbs are categorized based on whether they are followed by clauses with "if/whether", "that", or "to-infinitives". Common reporting verbs and their structures are listed for different
The document discusses direct and reported speech. It provides examples of how to change direct quotes into reported statements, questions, orders and suggestions. Key changes include changing verb tenses and pronouns when converting from direct to reported speech. Reporting verbs like say, tell, ask introduce what was said but don't provide additional context while suggest implies the speaker is making a recommendation for others.
This document discusses reporting speech and verbs used to report speech. It provides examples of direct and indirect speech using reporting verbs like "say", "ask", and "tell". It also lists other reporting verbs that can be used like "order", "promise", "apologize", and "insist" along with examples of how to use them to report direct speech indirectly. Key things to check when changing direct to indirect speech are pronouns, verb tenses, place/time expressions, and word order for indirect questions.
The document defines and provides examples of indirect or reported speech. It explains that indirect speech expresses the content of statements, questions, or utterances without directly quoting them. It discusses how to transform different types of direct speech into indirect speech, including statements, questions, commands, requests, and advice. Key changes that may be required include changing verb tenses, pronouns, and adverbs of time and place. Exceptions to typical tense changes are also outlined.
The document discusses reported or indirect speech, which is used to describe what someone said in the past. It explains that in reported speech, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, and time/place expressions are changed compared to direct speech. Examples are provided showing how direct speech like "I am going now" would change to reported speech like "She said that she was going then." The different types of sentences that can be reported - statements, questions, and commands - are also described.
The document discusses the differences between using "say" and "tell" in the English language. "Say" is generally used to report what someone has said in a general sense, without specifying who they said it to. "Tell" implies that the speaker specifically informed or instructed someone else. Both "say" and "tell" can be used in reported speech, but "tell" requires an object like "me" or "you" while "say" uses a preposition. The document provides examples of correct and incorrect usage of "say" and "tell" in reported and direct speech.
This document discusses how to report requests, advice, promises, and instructions in reported speech. It notes that verbs like "ask", "advise", and "tell" can be used followed by a pronoun and infinitive. Tense and pronoun changes are required. Negative sentences also require changes. Examples are provided for reporting yes/no questions using "if" or "whether" and changing the tense. Wh-questions do not change word order and do not require auxiliary verbs in reported speech. Reporting suggestions and commands may require using the subjunctive form.
This document discusses how to report speech in indirect form by making various changes to pronouns, verbs, adverbs, and word order. Key points:
- Commands, requests, suggestions are reported using an object + infinitive construction with "to." Pronouns are added for clarity.
- Verb tenses and pronouns change when reporting past speech. Present tenses become past, and pronouns like "I" become "he/she."
- Questions are reported with changes to verb tenses, pronouns, adverbs and word order - interrogative word order becomes statement order.
1. The document describes the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. It explains how to change verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions, and question forms.
2. Key changes include changing present tenses to past, changing pronouns like "I" to "he/she", and changing words like "here" and "now" to "there" and "then". Question word order is maintained but question marks are only used with introductory phrases.
3. Reporting verbs are categorized based on whether they are followed by clauses with "if/whether", "that", or "to-infinitives". Common reporting verbs and their structures are listed for different
The document discusses direct and reported speech. It provides examples of how to change direct quotes into reported statements, questions, orders and suggestions. Key changes include changing verb tenses and pronouns when converting from direct to reported speech. Reporting verbs like say, tell, ask introduce what was said but don't provide additional context while suggest implies the speaker is making a recommendation for others.
Reported Speech is used to report what someone said. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past. So, verbs usually change to the past in reported speech. (Haryanti, 2000: 31).
They are two ways of relating what a person has said:
1. Direct Speech
In direct speech we repeat the original speaker’s exact words.
Example: He said, ‘ I have lost my umbrella.’
2. Indirect (Reported) Speech
In indirect speech we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech, without necessarily using the speaker’s exact words.
Example: He said (that) he had lost his umbrella
The Rules of Reported Speech
1. When we use reported speech, the main verb of the sentence is usually past.
Example:
Tom said that he was feeling ill.
I told her that I didn’t have any money.
2. In general, the present form in direct speech changes to the past form in reported speech
Example:
Direct Judy: My parents are very well.
Reported Judy said that her parents were very well.
3. In general, the past simple form in direct speech changes to the past perfect in reported speech.
Example:
Direct Tom said: ‘I woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to work.
Reported Tom said (that) he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn’t gone to work
The Kind of Reported Speech
There are many kinds of reported speech:
1. Reported Statement
Reported statement uses the reporting verb ‘that’, but ‘that’ is optional, so it is placed in bracket.
Example:
Quoted Statement She said, ‘I watch TV everyday.
Reported Statement She said (that) she watched TV everyday.
2. Reported Imperative
Reported Imperative is used to report invitation or command from someone to other people.
Example :
Quoted Imperative : Jamal said, ‘Please come to my party’.
Reported Imperative : Jamal invited me to come to his party.
Note :
In the reporterd Imperative, verb follows by object (pro) noun and then followed by infinitive phrase.
The following verbs is always used in reported imperative:
Advice - permit - invite
Ask - encourage - order
Remind - tell - warn
3. Reported Question
Reported Question is used to report questions. The interrogative form of the verb changes to the affimative form, the question mark (?) is therefore omitted in reported speech.
Example:
Quoted Question : He said, ‘Where does she live?’
Reported Question : He asked where she lived.
4. Reported Exclamation
Reported Exclamation is reporting of someone’s feeling or see.
Example:
Quoted Exclamation : He said, ‘What a dreadful thing!’
Reported Exclamation : He said that it was a dreadful thing.
When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Common changes include changing present tenses to past tenses, changing pronouns like "I" and "me" to reflect the person who originally spoke, and adjusting time and place references. Reporting speech involves systematically changing verb tenses, pronouns, and other elements of the original statement while retaining the overall meaning.
The document provides information and examples about reported speech. It discusses:
- Using reported speech to tell someone about a past conversation.
- Changes that are made when moving from direct to reported speech, such as verb tense, pronouns, time/place expressions.
- Different reporting verbs used to report statements, questions, suggestions, requests, orders, and advice.
- Examples of how direct speech is changed to reported speech.
The actor has a terrible morning, waking up without toothpaste or hair product. His suit is too small and he burns breakfast. He forgets his keys and phone, and his phone falls in a puddle as he tries to repair it. While distracted, a tough guy punches him, giving him a black eye. As he continues walking, a car splashes him with water. Further down the road, his suitcase opens and papers fall out. He realizes he is late to an important meeting and begins running to his office, constantly checking his watch. He rushes into the building and interview room, bringing his disastrous day to an end.
This document discusses direct and reported speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words said, while reported speech does not use quotation marks and does not have to be word-for-word. When changing direct speech to reported speech, pronouns, time/place words, and verb tenses typically change. Questions are changed to a subject-verb word order and do not use auxiliary verbs like "do" or "did". Commands and requests are reported using "told" or "asked" followed by "to" plus the verb.
A presentation that tries to explain the changes from Direct Speech to Reported Speech in different situations: questions, affirmative statements, commands, requests and suggestions; paying special attention to the appropriate verbs for each use.
The document provides instruction on how to report speech in the past tense and with changes to pronouns, time/place adverbs, and demonstratives. It also covers changing yes/no and wh- questions to reported speech form. Finally, it discusses different patterns for reporting speech acts such as promises, advice, admissions, and suggestions.
This document discusses the differences between talk, speak, say, and tell. It notes that tell needs a subject, while said can be used without a subject as long as a complete sentence follows. Speak and talk are usually used interchangeably, while speak, say, and tell can have different constructions. The document also examines the different ways these words are used in phrases and imperatives.
The document discusses reported speech and the differences between direct and reported speech. It notes that in reported speech, verb tenses, pronouns, place and time references are typically changed. For example, present tenses may become past tenses, pronouns like "I" become "she/he", "here" becomes "there", and "now" becomes "then". However, verbs are not changed in some cases like when reporting a fact, future event, or when reporting something immediately after it was said. The document also discusses how to report statements, questions, and commands in indirect speech.
This document discusses reported speech, including its uses, tense changes, pronoun changes, and common verbs used. When reporting speech, the tense often needs to change. For example, "I am living in London" would become "She said that she was living in London." Pronouns also change to reflect the new context. Common verbs used in reported speech include "argue," "claim," "describe," "prove," and "report." When using "say" and "tell" in reported statements, "say" cannot use an object pronoun while "tell" requires an object pronoun.
This document provides instruction on how to report speech in indirect or reported speech. It explains that some elements need to be changed when reporting what someone said, including pronouns, verb tenses, and time/place adverbials. Verb tenses must shift to the past. Examples are given for reporting statements, questions, orders, and the different verbs used to report speech like "said", "asked", and "told". Reporting verbs that take different structures like gerunds or infinitives are also outlined. The purpose is to teach the proper way to change direct speech into indirect speech when reporting what someone said.
This document discusses reported speech, which is the repetition of something that was said by someone else using one's own words. There are three types of reported speech: statements, commands, and questions. When changing from direct to reported speech, verb tenses and other words like pronouns may need to be altered. Reported speech follows a set of transformation rules for verbs and other changes like place and time references.
1. Reported speech is used to report the actual words someone said indirectly rather than directly quoting them. It involves changing pronouns, verbs, and references to time and place.
2. When using reported speech, pronouns, verbs, and references to time and place need to be changed depending on whether the original speech was in the past or future tense.
3. There are specific rules for changing verbs, pronouns, questions, commands, and suggestions when using reported speech.
This document discusses rules for using the phrase "had better" in English. It explains that "had better" followed by a bare infinitive expresses advice or recommendation about a good thing to do in the present or future. It provides examples showing how the negative is formed with "not" and how "had better" is used in interrogative statements. The document also notes that "you had better" is a useful advice form and discusses how "had better" is used in indirect speech.
The document discusses indirect or reported speech. It provides examples of how to change direct speech into indirect speech by modifying pronouns, verbs, adverbs of time, and removing quotation marks. It also discusses changing yes/no questions and Wh- questions into indirect speech and lists some common reporting verbs used in indirect speech like advise, agree, apologize, ask, congratulate, decide, invite, offer, promise, refuse, remind, suggest.
The document discusses the differences between various verbs used to communicate information:
- Tell means to give information to a person and is always followed by the person and information.
- Say and said can be used without an object or with "that" and an object or a person.
- Speak and spoke refer to using languages while tell and said are more general.
- Talk is more informal than speak while tell is more formal than say.
Being proactive means taking control of situations and making changes happen, while being reactive means making choices based on impulse. Proactive language focuses on finding solutions, like saying "let's look at all our options", while reactive language uses uncertain terms like "I'll try" or "I can't". To be proactive requires self-awareness, conscience, creative imagination, and independent will. An example of a proactive person is calmly confronting someone who was talking about them, rather than reacting aggressively like a reactive person might. Those feeling impulses to do something bad should pause and press a mental "pause button".
When reporting speech, tenses change depending on whether the reporting verb is in the past or present tense. If the reporting verb is in the past tense, present tenses in the direct speech change to past tenses in the reported speech. Questions, commands, and requests are introduced using verbs like "asked", "ordered", and "requested" respectively depending on the type of speech. The tense does not change if the reporting verb is in the present tense.
The document discusses how to report statements, questions, and requests that were spoken by someone else. It explains that when reporting speech, verb tenses must change to the past tense. Time, place, and pronouns may also need to change. Yes/no questions are reported using "if/whether" and wh- questions use the wh- word. Requests can be reported using "told to" for positive requests and "told not to" for negative requests.
Reported Speech is used to report what someone said. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past. So, verbs usually change to the past in reported speech. (Haryanti, 2000: 31).
They are two ways of relating what a person has said:
1. Direct Speech
In direct speech we repeat the original speaker’s exact words.
Example: He said, ‘ I have lost my umbrella.’
2. Indirect (Reported) Speech
In indirect speech we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech, without necessarily using the speaker’s exact words.
Example: He said (that) he had lost his umbrella
The Rules of Reported Speech
1. When we use reported speech, the main verb of the sentence is usually past.
Example:
Tom said that he was feeling ill.
I told her that I didn’t have any money.
2. In general, the present form in direct speech changes to the past form in reported speech
Example:
Direct Judy: My parents are very well.
Reported Judy said that her parents were very well.
3. In general, the past simple form in direct speech changes to the past perfect in reported speech.
Example:
Direct Tom said: ‘I woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to work.
Reported Tom said (that) he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn’t gone to work
The Kind of Reported Speech
There are many kinds of reported speech:
1. Reported Statement
Reported statement uses the reporting verb ‘that’, but ‘that’ is optional, so it is placed in bracket.
Example:
Quoted Statement She said, ‘I watch TV everyday.
Reported Statement She said (that) she watched TV everyday.
2. Reported Imperative
Reported Imperative is used to report invitation or command from someone to other people.
Example :
Quoted Imperative : Jamal said, ‘Please come to my party’.
Reported Imperative : Jamal invited me to come to his party.
Note :
In the reporterd Imperative, verb follows by object (pro) noun and then followed by infinitive phrase.
The following verbs is always used in reported imperative:
Advice - permit - invite
Ask - encourage - order
Remind - tell - warn
3. Reported Question
Reported Question is used to report questions. The interrogative form of the verb changes to the affimative form, the question mark (?) is therefore omitted in reported speech.
Example:
Quoted Question : He said, ‘Where does she live?’
Reported Question : He asked where she lived.
4. Reported Exclamation
Reported Exclamation is reporting of someone’s feeling or see.
Example:
Quoted Exclamation : He said, ‘What a dreadful thing!’
Reported Exclamation : He said that it was a dreadful thing.
When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Common changes include changing present tenses to past tenses, changing pronouns like "I" and "me" to reflect the person who originally spoke, and adjusting time and place references. Reporting speech involves systematically changing verb tenses, pronouns, and other elements of the original statement while retaining the overall meaning.
The document provides information and examples about reported speech. It discusses:
- Using reported speech to tell someone about a past conversation.
- Changes that are made when moving from direct to reported speech, such as verb tense, pronouns, time/place expressions.
- Different reporting verbs used to report statements, questions, suggestions, requests, orders, and advice.
- Examples of how direct speech is changed to reported speech.
The actor has a terrible morning, waking up without toothpaste or hair product. His suit is too small and he burns breakfast. He forgets his keys and phone, and his phone falls in a puddle as he tries to repair it. While distracted, a tough guy punches him, giving him a black eye. As he continues walking, a car splashes him with water. Further down the road, his suitcase opens and papers fall out. He realizes he is late to an important meeting and begins running to his office, constantly checking his watch. He rushes into the building and interview room, bringing his disastrous day to an end.
This document discusses direct and reported speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words said, while reported speech does not use quotation marks and does not have to be word-for-word. When changing direct speech to reported speech, pronouns, time/place words, and verb tenses typically change. Questions are changed to a subject-verb word order and do not use auxiliary verbs like "do" or "did". Commands and requests are reported using "told" or "asked" followed by "to" plus the verb.
A presentation that tries to explain the changes from Direct Speech to Reported Speech in different situations: questions, affirmative statements, commands, requests and suggestions; paying special attention to the appropriate verbs for each use.
The document provides instruction on how to report speech in the past tense and with changes to pronouns, time/place adverbs, and demonstratives. It also covers changing yes/no and wh- questions to reported speech form. Finally, it discusses different patterns for reporting speech acts such as promises, advice, admissions, and suggestions.
This document discusses the differences between talk, speak, say, and tell. It notes that tell needs a subject, while said can be used without a subject as long as a complete sentence follows. Speak and talk are usually used interchangeably, while speak, say, and tell can have different constructions. The document also examines the different ways these words are used in phrases and imperatives.
The document discusses reported speech and the differences between direct and reported speech. It notes that in reported speech, verb tenses, pronouns, place and time references are typically changed. For example, present tenses may become past tenses, pronouns like "I" become "she/he", "here" becomes "there", and "now" becomes "then". However, verbs are not changed in some cases like when reporting a fact, future event, or when reporting something immediately after it was said. The document also discusses how to report statements, questions, and commands in indirect speech.
This document discusses reported speech, including its uses, tense changes, pronoun changes, and common verbs used. When reporting speech, the tense often needs to change. For example, "I am living in London" would become "She said that she was living in London." Pronouns also change to reflect the new context. Common verbs used in reported speech include "argue," "claim," "describe," "prove," and "report." When using "say" and "tell" in reported statements, "say" cannot use an object pronoun while "tell" requires an object pronoun.
This document provides instruction on how to report speech in indirect or reported speech. It explains that some elements need to be changed when reporting what someone said, including pronouns, verb tenses, and time/place adverbials. Verb tenses must shift to the past. Examples are given for reporting statements, questions, orders, and the different verbs used to report speech like "said", "asked", and "told". Reporting verbs that take different structures like gerunds or infinitives are also outlined. The purpose is to teach the proper way to change direct speech into indirect speech when reporting what someone said.
This document discusses reported speech, which is the repetition of something that was said by someone else using one's own words. There are three types of reported speech: statements, commands, and questions. When changing from direct to reported speech, verb tenses and other words like pronouns may need to be altered. Reported speech follows a set of transformation rules for verbs and other changes like place and time references.
1. Reported speech is used to report the actual words someone said indirectly rather than directly quoting them. It involves changing pronouns, verbs, and references to time and place.
2. When using reported speech, pronouns, verbs, and references to time and place need to be changed depending on whether the original speech was in the past or future tense.
3. There are specific rules for changing verbs, pronouns, questions, commands, and suggestions when using reported speech.
This document discusses rules for using the phrase "had better" in English. It explains that "had better" followed by a bare infinitive expresses advice or recommendation about a good thing to do in the present or future. It provides examples showing how the negative is formed with "not" and how "had better" is used in interrogative statements. The document also notes that "you had better" is a useful advice form and discusses how "had better" is used in indirect speech.
The document discusses indirect or reported speech. It provides examples of how to change direct speech into indirect speech by modifying pronouns, verbs, adverbs of time, and removing quotation marks. It also discusses changing yes/no questions and Wh- questions into indirect speech and lists some common reporting verbs used in indirect speech like advise, agree, apologize, ask, congratulate, decide, invite, offer, promise, refuse, remind, suggest.
The document discusses the differences between various verbs used to communicate information:
- Tell means to give information to a person and is always followed by the person and information.
- Say and said can be used without an object or with "that" and an object or a person.
- Speak and spoke refer to using languages while tell and said are more general.
- Talk is more informal than speak while tell is more formal than say.
Being proactive means taking control of situations and making changes happen, while being reactive means making choices based on impulse. Proactive language focuses on finding solutions, like saying "let's look at all our options", while reactive language uses uncertain terms like "I'll try" or "I can't". To be proactive requires self-awareness, conscience, creative imagination, and independent will. An example of a proactive person is calmly confronting someone who was talking about them, rather than reacting aggressively like a reactive person might. Those feeling impulses to do something bad should pause and press a mental "pause button".
When reporting speech, tenses change depending on whether the reporting verb is in the past or present tense. If the reporting verb is in the past tense, present tenses in the direct speech change to past tenses in the reported speech. Questions, commands, and requests are introduced using verbs like "asked", "ordered", and "requested" respectively depending on the type of speech. The tense does not change if the reporting verb is in the present tense.
The document discusses how to report statements, questions, and requests that were spoken by someone else. It explains that when reporting speech, verb tenses must change to the past tense. Time, place, and pronouns may also need to change. Yes/no questions are reported using "if/whether" and wh- questions use the wh- word. Requests can be reported using "told to" for positive requests and "told not to" for negative requests.
The Rules Do Apply: Navigating HR ComplianceAggregage
https://www.humanresourcestoday.com/frs/26903483/the-rules-do-apply--navigating-hr-compliance
HR Compliance is like a giant game of whack-a-mole. Once you think your company is compliant with all policies and procedures documented and in place, there’s a new or amended law, regulation, or final rule that pops up landing you back at ‘start.’ There are shifts, interpretations, and balancing acts to understanding compliance changes. Keeping up is not easy and it’s very time consuming.
This is a particular pain point for small HR departments, or HR departments of 1, that lack compliance teams and in-house labor attorneys. So, what do you do?
The goal of this webinar is to make you smarter in knowing what you should be focused on and the questions you should be asking. It will also provide you with resources for making compliance more manageable.
Objectives:
• Understand the regulatory landscape, including labor laws at the local, state, and federal levels
• Best practices for developing, implementing, and maintaining effective compliance programs
• Resources and strategies for staying informed about changes to labor laws, regulations, and compliance requirements