There are two main approaches to treating trichotillomania: medication and behavioral therapy. Medication alone, such as antidepressants, has shown low success rates. The most effective treatment is behavioral therapy like habit reversal training, which teaches patients to monitor their hair pulling and replace it with healthier habits. This type of therapy has shown success rates over 90%. Alternative therapies may include hypnosis or biofeedback.
Hair Pulling Disorder or TrichotillomaniaMoner Khabor
Hair Pulling Disorder- It is not bad to pull hair out of extreme happiness and anger or pulling hair by grandchildren, there is a comfort. But it is certainly not good to pluck hair, consciously or sub-consciously, one by one making a large portion of the head empty. ‘Trichotillomania’ is a mental disease and the patients of this disease pull and pluck their hair.
Hair Pulling Disorder or TrichotillomaniaMoner Khabor
Hair Pulling Disorder- It is not bad to pull hair out of extreme happiness and anger or pulling hair by grandchildren, there is a comfort. But it is certainly not good to pluck hair, consciously or sub-consciously, one by one making a large portion of the head empty. ‘Trichotillomania’ is a mental disease and the patients of this disease pull and pluck their hair.
Psychoeducation is an important element of psychiatric treatment. It has a significant role in
promoting mental health, preventing mental illness, increasing mental health awareness, creating opportunities
and improving the quality of life of the patient, caregivers and the community. To achieve these goals,
psychoeducation programmes seek to provide families with the information they need about mental illness
and the coping skills that will help them to deal with their loved one's psychiatric disorder. In a nutshell
Psychoeducation’s goal is to offer education and therapeutic strategies to improve the quality of life for the
family while decreasing the possibility of relapse for the patient (Solomon, 1996).
Neuropsychiatric manifestations of endocrine disordersDheeraj kumar
This is a subject seminar of neuropsychiatric manifesations of endocrine disorders.It took a lot of time to prepare,it helps fellow residents of Gen medicine to download and present as it is.
In this lecture:
1. AED’s: Looking Beyond Epilepsy- Their Relevance & Utility in Neuropsychiatry
2. Parodoxical relationships: seizures, behavior and AEDs
3. What relevance do these findings hold for epilepsy
Psychoeducation is an important element of psychiatric treatment. It has a significant role in
promoting mental health, preventing mental illness, increasing mental health awareness, creating opportunities
and improving the quality of life of the patient, caregivers and the community. To achieve these goals,
psychoeducation programmes seek to provide families with the information they need about mental illness
and the coping skills that will help them to deal with their loved one's psychiatric disorder. In a nutshell
Psychoeducation’s goal is to offer education and therapeutic strategies to improve the quality of life for the
family while decreasing the possibility of relapse for the patient (Solomon, 1996).
Neuropsychiatric manifestations of endocrine disordersDheeraj kumar
This is a subject seminar of neuropsychiatric manifesations of endocrine disorders.It took a lot of time to prepare,it helps fellow residents of Gen medicine to download and present as it is.
In this lecture:
1. AED’s: Looking Beyond Epilepsy- Their Relevance & Utility in Neuropsychiatry
2. Parodoxical relationships: seizures, behavior and AEDs
3. What relevance do these findings hold for epilepsy
Everyone occasionally feels blue or sad. But
these feelings are usually short-lived and pass within a couple of days. When
you have depression, it interferes with daily life and causes pain for both you
and those who care about you. Depression is a common but serious illness.
Many people with a depressive illness never
seek treatment. But the majority, even those with the most severe depression,
can get better with treatment. Medications, psychotherapies, and other methods
can effectively treat people with depression.
NIMH
There are various treatment methods for bipolar disorder, including; drug therapy, psychotherapy, mental health supplements and ect. http://mentalhealthlivingwithbipolar.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_27.html
1. Inhalant Addiction Treatment.
2. Treatment for Inhalant Addiction.
3. 4 Ways to Deal with Amphetamine Addiction.
4. Amphetamine Rehab.
5. Cocaine Rehab is Important for Recovering Addicts.
6. OxyContin Addiction Treatment.
7. Stages of Oxycontin Recovery.
8. 4 ways to successfully undergo drug rehab in Toronto.
Drug rehabilitation is the process of liberating the user from active addiction and includes two stages - physical detoxification and psychological detoxification.
1. Cocaine Addiction Rehab For Those Who Are Willing To Recover.
2. Best Ways of Cocaine Addiction Treatment.
3. What Are Heroin Addiction Treatments?
4. Marijuana Addiction Treatment Guide.
5. Meth Addiction Treatment – An Overview.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
2. Treating trichotillomania can basically be done from two
major angles; through medication, and through
behavioral training. Reports of using medication, as a
stand alone form of treating trichotillomania, show a
very low success rate. Antidepressants with serotonergic
properties, such as those used for people with obsessive
compulsive disorders, are among those most typically
used for treating trichotillomania, Clomipramine (also
known as Anafranil) being the most effective in these
cases.[]
3. This person must be evaluated by a medical
professional. A full physical and diagnostic testing of
hormones and neurotransmitters must occur. This
patient must be evaluated for AIDS and a brain tumor.
There are several diseases that are severe enough to
result in very irregular symptoms. It is extremely
important to be very aggressive in treating this disease.
Amino acids therapy for this may be useful and could
include 5-HTP, theanine, GABA, and phenylalanine.
Chinese herbal patent formulas may be considered along
with Chinese liquid herbal extracts. Scalp acupuncture
may be very successful in treating this type of illness. It
should be done with larger needles for this type of
disease.
4. Scalp acupuncture treatments last about thirty minutes
to one hour. It may take nine treatments in order to see
results. Laser therapy using a cold medical grade laser
may work well on this patient. You may need several
sessions of cold medical grade laser therapy before you
see a significant change.
5. This is mainly done by focusing on the person's
childhood experiences and/or any unresolved issues or
conflicts that had initially been experienced during the
early developmental stages of the individual's life.
Treating trichotillomania with behavioral therapy, such
as with habit reversal training, teaches the individual to
monitor their hair pulling behavior and begin to replace
it with healthier habits. It is with this type of therapy
that the most successes occur. Some alternative means
of treating trichotillomania can include hypnosis and
also biofeedback therapy.Pulling out eyelashes is a form
of Trichotillomania. This disorder sees the sufferer
compulsively hair pulling or plucking
6. hair from the body and head. The urge for pulling
eyelashes or any bodily hair can begin at any time and is
normally a symptom of anxiety and stress. As a result of
this condition, the sufferer is left with no eyelashes or
bald patches.Doctors will primarily prescribe drugs such
as Prozac and Zoloft as treatment for Trichotillomania.
These Seratonin reuptake inhibitors have been proven to
be effective in treating the possible cause of pulling out
eyelashes that is a Seratonin difficiency.
7. For a trichotillomania treatment to be effective there is
a need for perseverance. There is no magic pill to take
care of this problem as a cure, as the condition doesn't
stem from a biochemical cause. There are medications
that are geared to alter behavioral patterns, but this
only creates a temporary fix (if even a working one at
all) for the situation, only creating an effect while you
continue to take them. This only seems to post pone the
situation, not improve it. Needless to say, this isn't the
most desirable course of trichotillomania
treatment.Other means of trichotillomania treatment
involve different types of psychological methods, which
for the most part, actually work quite
8. well... though according to each of these specific
methods, they tend to work better for some than others.
Still, since this condition has its roots not in
biochemistry, but psychologically, manifesting as
emotionally triggered behavioral responses, it is with
the use of psychological methods of trichotillomania
treatment that we can properly attack this problem at
its source.
9. The development of a universal trichotillomania
treatment that works for anyone has had some recent
breakthroughs, using more archetypical psychological
methods which have an effect on everyone. Putting
these methods to use and applying these techniques
with diligence, sufferers everywhere have been
completely curing themselves of this condition and
regaining higher quality of life. These techniques are a
simple and well structured plan of trichotillomania
treatment which usually takes less than ten minutes to
implement with effects which last life long.For a
trichotillomania treatment to be effective, you need to
attack the cause. There's no miracle cure-all pill to take
care of this
10. problem, and that is due to the condition not stemming
from a biochemical root. There exist some medications
which are engineered to change certain behavioral
activities however this merely produces a temporary fix,
if indeed a functional fix at all, for the situation. One
should well note that this only produces an effect while
you continue to take the medications, only seeming to
postpone the condition, not improving it. Obviously, this
wouldn't the most prudent course of trichotillomania
treatment.
11. The onset of the symptoms is between the range of ages
from nine to fourteen. Reports claim that more than 75-
95% patients suffering from hair pulling disorder are
females. The primary symptoms might lead to several
other secondary symptoms like depression or panic
attacks. The main root cause of pulling hair disorder is
still unclear. However, many people believe that it is a
genetic disorder. There are several other people who
believe that trichotillomania is a learned behavior
thereby refuting its genetic basis.
12. Trichotillomania (or trich for short) simply means
'compulsive hair pulling' from anywhere on the body. It
is classed as an impulse control disorder, which means
that many people find it very difficult to stop pulling.
Pulling out your hair could be done from your scalp,
eyebrows, eyelashes or anywhere else on the body.
Many people who suffer from this condition will go on
to develop bald patches.Although it's hard to stop there
are a number of psychological as well as physical
trichotillomania treatment options available.Many
doctors will want to provide drugs, such as
antidepressants, to treat this condition. While it does
help some, many do not seem to respond well to these
drugs and
13. would prefer to seek alternative methods of
treatment.This is a good way of helping you to cope with
the condition. It doesn't work for everything, but many
people have reported a reduction in hair pulling after
attending counselling for a few months.
14. However, behavioral trichotilllomania therapy reports
show long term success rates of 90% or higher. This can
include multiple means of therapy of both generally
accepted and controversial types. Among the more
controversial variety are the punishment procedural
types of trichotillomania therapy, which can include
mittens placed over the hands, topical creams used to
increase pain, and even electric shock treatments. While
these procedures are very intrusive, they are most often
used with individuals who may be unable to consent,
such as those suffering from serious developmental
disabilities and young children.The more widely
accepted forms of behavioral trichotillomania therapy,
which
15. reports the high success rate number mentioned earlier,
are of the type known as habit reversal training. This
educates sufferers more on this condition and teaches
them to monitor their hair pulling habits while
substituting them with more constructive, healthier
habits. Some alternative forms of behavioral
trichotillomania therapy can include hypnosis and the
use of biofeedback mechanisms.