Calculus originated from ancient Babylonian counting methods and was later defined as measuring varying rates of change. It has many real-world applications across fields like engineering, biology, science, business, and more. Calculus is used in engineering for building structures, robotics, and vehicle safety. It is used in biology to study ecosystems, measure growth rates, and model drug concentrations. Isaac Newton developed calculus's use in physics laws. Astronomy and space technology also rely heavily on calculus.