This will help children learn about early calculating devices and who created the first calculating devices and how they work.They will learn and search and gain more about these devices.They will try to make calculating devices .
The document discusses the evolution of early computing devices from the abacus invented by the Chinese around 4000 BC for counting, to the Pascaline calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642 which could perform addition and subtraction. Gottfried Leibniz then enhanced the Pascaline calculator in 1673 to also perform multiplication and find square roots. Further developments included the Difference Engine, Analytical Engine, Hollerith's tabulating machine, the Mark I computer, and ENIAC from 1943-1946. Modern computers have since evolved from mainframe to supercomputers.
This document defines key concepts related to quadratic functions and their graphs:
1) A quadratic function is a second-degree polynomial function of the form f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c, where a cannot be 0.
2) The graph of a quadratic function is called a parabola, which has a vertex and may open upward or downward depending on the sign of a.
3) The axis of symmetry is the vertical line through the vertex that divides the parabola into two equal parts.
A biologist placed 100 bacteria in a growth medium. After 6 hours there were 450 bacteria. Using the exponential growth formula A=Pekt, where A is the final amount, P is the initial amount, e is the base of the natural logarithm, k is the growth constant, and t is time, the growth constant k for the bacteria was calculated to be 0.35 based on the information provided.
The document discusses mathematics in ancient Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations. It describes how the Babylonians developed a system of writing called cuneiform using wedge-shaped symbols carved into clay tablets around 3000 BC. It also details their sexagesimal (base-60) numerical system and how they were able to perform advanced mathematical operations and solve equations. The document then explains the development of hieroglyphic numerals by the ancient Egyptians, including their base-10 system and specific symbols used to represent fractions and operations. Key sources of information about Babylonian and Egyptian mathematics included cuneiform tablets and Egyptian papyri such as the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus.
The document provides a history of mathematics education, beginning with an overview of the origins and contributions of math in Africa. It then profiles several influential mathematicians throughout history, including Euclid, Gauss, Lagrange, and Abel, summarizing their most important works and discoveries. The document concludes that while mathematicians develop the theories used in math today, most students are unaware of their origins or the individuals responsible.
This document provides a history of the number Pi from ancient civilizations to modern times. It discusses how Pi was conceptualized and calculated in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and among ancient Greek mathematicians like Archimedes. It then covers the stagnation of math during the Middle Ages, followed by advances during the Renaissance made by mathematicians like Viete and Ludolf van Ceulen. The 18th and 19th centuries saw more accurate calculations of Pi. In the 20th century, computers were used to calculate Pi to increasing levels of precision. The document concludes by noting modern applications of Pi in fields like computing and its cultural significance.
The document summarizes key developments and figures from the Scientific Revolution period including:
- The development of modern scientific notation and concepts like calculus, logarithms, and probability by figures like Descartes, Newton, Leibniz, Napier, and Pascal.
- Advancements in fields like astronomy, physics, and mathematics through inventions like the telescope and discoveries in mechanics, projective geometry, and analytic geometry.
- The establishment of organizations and institutions like the Royal Society of London that helped facilitate scientific progress during this era.
The document discusses the evolution of early computing devices from the abacus invented by the Chinese around 4000 BC for counting, to the Pascaline calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642 which could perform addition and subtraction. Gottfried Leibniz then enhanced the Pascaline calculator in 1673 to also perform multiplication and find square roots. Further developments included the Difference Engine, Analytical Engine, Hollerith's tabulating machine, the Mark I computer, and ENIAC from 1943-1946. Modern computers have since evolved from mainframe to supercomputers.
This document defines key concepts related to quadratic functions and their graphs:
1) A quadratic function is a second-degree polynomial function of the form f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c, where a cannot be 0.
2) The graph of a quadratic function is called a parabola, which has a vertex and may open upward or downward depending on the sign of a.
3) The axis of symmetry is the vertical line through the vertex that divides the parabola into two equal parts.
A biologist placed 100 bacteria in a growth medium. After 6 hours there were 450 bacteria. Using the exponential growth formula A=Pekt, where A is the final amount, P is the initial amount, e is the base of the natural logarithm, k is the growth constant, and t is time, the growth constant k for the bacteria was calculated to be 0.35 based on the information provided.
The document discusses mathematics in ancient Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations. It describes how the Babylonians developed a system of writing called cuneiform using wedge-shaped symbols carved into clay tablets around 3000 BC. It also details their sexagesimal (base-60) numerical system and how they were able to perform advanced mathematical operations and solve equations. The document then explains the development of hieroglyphic numerals by the ancient Egyptians, including their base-10 system and specific symbols used to represent fractions and operations. Key sources of information about Babylonian and Egyptian mathematics included cuneiform tablets and Egyptian papyri such as the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus.
The document provides a history of mathematics education, beginning with an overview of the origins and contributions of math in Africa. It then profiles several influential mathematicians throughout history, including Euclid, Gauss, Lagrange, and Abel, summarizing their most important works and discoveries. The document concludes that while mathematicians develop the theories used in math today, most students are unaware of their origins or the individuals responsible.
This document provides a history of the number Pi from ancient civilizations to modern times. It discusses how Pi was conceptualized and calculated in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and among ancient Greek mathematicians like Archimedes. It then covers the stagnation of math during the Middle Ages, followed by advances during the Renaissance made by mathematicians like Viete and Ludolf van Ceulen. The 18th and 19th centuries saw more accurate calculations of Pi. In the 20th century, computers were used to calculate Pi to increasing levels of precision. The document concludes by noting modern applications of Pi in fields like computing and its cultural significance.
The document summarizes key developments and figures from the Scientific Revolution period including:
- The development of modern scientific notation and concepts like calculus, logarithms, and probability by figures like Descartes, Newton, Leibniz, Napier, and Pascal.
- Advancements in fields like astronomy, physics, and mathematics through inventions like the telescope and discoveries in mechanics, projective geometry, and analytic geometry.
- The establishment of organizations and institutions like the Royal Society of London that helped facilitate scientific progress during this era.
The document traces the early history and development of computing devices from ancient times to the 19th century. It discusses the ancient Chinese abacus (3000 BC), John Napier's invention of logarithms and mechanical multiplication device called Napier's bones (1617), the slide rule developed by E. Gunter in the 17th century, early mechanical calculators developed by Blaise Pascal (1642), Gottfried Leibniz (1673), and Charles Babbage's analytical engine, a precursor to modern computers. These inventions gradually progressed from simple arithmetic to general purpose computation.
Thousands of years ago, people used bones and stones to keep accounts and perform calculations. As the need for more complex calculations grew, early calculating devices were developed, beginning with the abacus. Over many years, inventors created numerous mechanical calculating machines using new technologies and principles, including the Napier bones, slide rule, Pascaline, stepped reckoner, and Leibniz calculator. These inventions paved the way for modern computers by demonstrating how numbers could be mechanically manipulated through gears, wheels and other analog components.
Early computing devices included the abacus invented over 5,000 years ago in China. In the 17th century, John Napier invented Napier's Bones, a device for multiplication, and Blaise Pascal created the Pascaline calculator for addition and subtraction. In the 19th century, Charles Babbage designed the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine, considered the first programmable computer. The Analytical Engine concept formed the basis for modern computers. In the 20th century, Howard Aiken invented the Mark 1, the first electronic computer, while ENIAC, completed in 1946, was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer.
This document traces the evolution of early counting and calculating devices from ancient times through the development of the first modern computer. It describes tools like fingers, sticks, and stones used by early humans; the Chinese abacus from 4000 years ago; John Napier's 17th century invention called Napier's Bones used for multiplication and division; Blaise Pascal's 17th century mechanical calculator called the Pascaline; Gottfried Leibnitz's 17th century stepped reckoner machine; Charles Babbage's 19th century analytical engine design; Herman Hollerith's 19th century tabulating machine using punched cards; and the first modern electronic computer called ENIAC built in 1946 in the United States using vacuum tubes.
Since ancient times, humans have worked to develop tools to help with tasks like counting and calculations. The abacus, invented over 4,000 years ago in China, was one of the earliest counting devices, allowing easier addition and subtraction. Later inventions included Pascal's calculator in 1642, the first mechanical calculator; Leibniz's calculator in 1673, which could also multiply and find square roots; and Jacquard's loom in 1801, which used punch cards to automate patterns in textile production. These early electromechanical devices paved the way for computers.
This document provides a summary of the history of early computers from ancient counting tools like the Ishango bone dated to 20,000 BC to the development of Boolean logic in the 19th century. Some of the key events and inventions discussed include the abacus from 2500 BC, the Antikythera mechanism from 150-100 BC, the Pascaline mechanical calculator from 1642, Gottfried Leibniz's Stepped Reckoner mechanical calculator from 1672-1694, Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine design from 1837, the first general purpose programmable computer, Ada Lovelace's notes on the Analytical Engine which are considered the first computer program, George Boole's development of
The document traces the development of early computers from ancient counting tools like the Chinese abacus and Napier Bones, a calculating system using carved bones, to mechanical calculating machines invented in the 17th century by Pascal and others that could perform basic arithmetic. It highlights Prof. Charles Babbages as inventing the first modern mechanical computers in the 1800s that could perform all basic mathematical calculations, cementing his role as the father of modern computers.
The document discusses the history of computing machines from early physical machines like cotton gins to modern programmable computers. It describes how Charles Babbage envisioned the first general-purpose computer called the Analytical Engine in the 1830s. The Analytical Engine was designed to be programmable using punch cards and was never built. Ada Lovelace translated about the Analytical Engine and wrote what is considered the first computer program.
The document discusses the history of early computing devices. It describes how calculations were originally done with mechanical devices like the abacus, Napier's bones, and the slide rule. It then discusses early mechanical computers invented in the 16th-19th centuries including Pascaline, Leibniz's multiplication and dividing machine, punch cards, the difference engine, and Babbage's analytical machine, which was one of the first devices intended to be automatic.
The abacus was an early calculating tool used by ancient Babylonians. In the 1600s, important early calculating devices were invented including logarithms by John Napier, which allowed multiplication via addition, and Pascal's mechanical calculator. In the 1820s, Charles Babbage proposed plans for an automatic mechanical calculator called the Difference Engine. Herman Hollerith later invented a punched card reader and mechanical counter that automated census data tabulation, laying the foundations for modern computing.
This document summarizes the history of several calculating devices: the abacus invented around 3000 BC using beads on rods for addition and multiplication; Napier's Logs and Bones from 1614 using logarithms to simplify calculations; Pascal's Adding Machine, an early mechanical calculator; and Leibnitz's Calculator which used stepped cylinders instead of wheels to perform multiplications and divisions through repeated addition. It also discusses Jacquard's Loom which used punched cards to control an automatic weaving process, as well as several machines developed by Charles Babbage, Herman Hollerith, and the Mark I computer created by Howard Aiken.
6. Generations & types of Computer - ( CSI-321) ghayour abbas
The document provides a history of computers from ancient times to the first generation of computers in the 1940s-1950s. It describes early counting devices like the abacus and advances in mathematics. Key figures who contributed to early calculating machines are mentioned, such as Pascal, Leibniz, and Babbage who envisioned a programmable computer. Major milestones include the first general purpose electronic computer (ENIAC), the stored program concept with EDVAC/EDSAC, and the first commercial computer (UNIVAC I). The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes, were enormous in size, and could only solve one problem at a time.
Tells you about the History of computers. The various time periods in which the different types of computers were made by decreasing the size of the components used in the computers and increasing the various features in it.
The document summarizes the history of computers from ancient counting devices to modern computers. It describes abacuses, Napier's bones, slide rules, Pascaline, the Analytical Engine, and other early mechanical calculating devices. It highlights the contributions of important figures like Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, and Herman Hollerith. The document traces the evolution of computing technology from early mechanical calculators to programmable machines and the use of punched cards to store data.
The first computers were human beings whose job was to perform complex calculations manually. This led to the development of early mechanical calculating devices like the abacus to aid these "human computers". Over centuries, inventors searched for ways to mechanize calculation, resulting in innovations like Napier's Bones, the slide rule, and early mechanical calculators invented by Wilhelm Schickard, Blaise Pascal, and others. However, the first modern computers were electronic devices that could perform calculations automatically.
The document traces the history and development of calculators from ancient counting tools like the abacus to modern electronic devices. It discusses early mechanical calculators invented in the 1600s and the development of adding machines and slide rules in subsequent centuries. The 1960s saw the beginning of electronic calculators, with the first handheld calculator introduced by Texas Instruments in 1966, revolutionizing their use. Today, powerful calculators are ubiquitous and integrated into cell phones, computers, and other digital technologies.
- The document traces the history of computing from early counting methods like the abacus to modern computers. It outlines three ages of computing: the Dark Age from 3000 BC to 1890 which included early counting devices, the Middle Age from 1890 to 1944 which saw the development of mechanical calculators and punch card systems, and the Modern Age since 1944 which brought electronic stored-program computers like ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer. Key individuals and their inventions throughout computing history are also mentioned such as Charles Babbage, Herman Hollerith, John von Neumann, and the first commercial computer, UNIVAC.
The Indian government has been working over the past few years to include elements of ITS in the transport sector. This standard ensures the optimal operation of the current transport infrastructure. It also increases the efficiency, safety, comfort, and quality of the system. That is why the government created the AIS-140 standard. Compliance with this standard means all vehicles used for public transit must have panic buttons and vehicle tracking modules installed. Nevertheless, in future in the standard protocol of AIS-140 you can expect fare collection and CCTV capabilities.
Get more information here: https://blog.watsoo.com/2023/12/27/all-about-prithvi-ais-140-gps-vehicle-tracker/
The document traces the early history and development of computing devices from ancient times to the 19th century. It discusses the ancient Chinese abacus (3000 BC), John Napier's invention of logarithms and mechanical multiplication device called Napier's bones (1617), the slide rule developed by E. Gunter in the 17th century, early mechanical calculators developed by Blaise Pascal (1642), Gottfried Leibniz (1673), and Charles Babbage's analytical engine, a precursor to modern computers. These inventions gradually progressed from simple arithmetic to general purpose computation.
Thousands of years ago, people used bones and stones to keep accounts and perform calculations. As the need for more complex calculations grew, early calculating devices were developed, beginning with the abacus. Over many years, inventors created numerous mechanical calculating machines using new technologies and principles, including the Napier bones, slide rule, Pascaline, stepped reckoner, and Leibniz calculator. These inventions paved the way for modern computers by demonstrating how numbers could be mechanically manipulated through gears, wheels and other analog components.
Early computing devices included the abacus invented over 5,000 years ago in China. In the 17th century, John Napier invented Napier's Bones, a device for multiplication, and Blaise Pascal created the Pascaline calculator for addition and subtraction. In the 19th century, Charles Babbage designed the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine, considered the first programmable computer. The Analytical Engine concept formed the basis for modern computers. In the 20th century, Howard Aiken invented the Mark 1, the first electronic computer, while ENIAC, completed in 1946, was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer.
This document traces the evolution of early counting and calculating devices from ancient times through the development of the first modern computer. It describes tools like fingers, sticks, and stones used by early humans; the Chinese abacus from 4000 years ago; John Napier's 17th century invention called Napier's Bones used for multiplication and division; Blaise Pascal's 17th century mechanical calculator called the Pascaline; Gottfried Leibnitz's 17th century stepped reckoner machine; Charles Babbage's 19th century analytical engine design; Herman Hollerith's 19th century tabulating machine using punched cards; and the first modern electronic computer called ENIAC built in 1946 in the United States using vacuum tubes.
Since ancient times, humans have worked to develop tools to help with tasks like counting and calculations. The abacus, invented over 4,000 years ago in China, was one of the earliest counting devices, allowing easier addition and subtraction. Later inventions included Pascal's calculator in 1642, the first mechanical calculator; Leibniz's calculator in 1673, which could also multiply and find square roots; and Jacquard's loom in 1801, which used punch cards to automate patterns in textile production. These early electromechanical devices paved the way for computers.
This document provides a summary of the history of early computers from ancient counting tools like the Ishango bone dated to 20,000 BC to the development of Boolean logic in the 19th century. Some of the key events and inventions discussed include the abacus from 2500 BC, the Antikythera mechanism from 150-100 BC, the Pascaline mechanical calculator from 1642, Gottfried Leibniz's Stepped Reckoner mechanical calculator from 1672-1694, Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine design from 1837, the first general purpose programmable computer, Ada Lovelace's notes on the Analytical Engine which are considered the first computer program, George Boole's development of
The document traces the development of early computers from ancient counting tools like the Chinese abacus and Napier Bones, a calculating system using carved bones, to mechanical calculating machines invented in the 17th century by Pascal and others that could perform basic arithmetic. It highlights Prof. Charles Babbages as inventing the first modern mechanical computers in the 1800s that could perform all basic mathematical calculations, cementing his role as the father of modern computers.
The document discusses the history of computing machines from early physical machines like cotton gins to modern programmable computers. It describes how Charles Babbage envisioned the first general-purpose computer called the Analytical Engine in the 1830s. The Analytical Engine was designed to be programmable using punch cards and was never built. Ada Lovelace translated about the Analytical Engine and wrote what is considered the first computer program.
The document discusses the history of early computing devices. It describes how calculations were originally done with mechanical devices like the abacus, Napier's bones, and the slide rule. It then discusses early mechanical computers invented in the 16th-19th centuries including Pascaline, Leibniz's multiplication and dividing machine, punch cards, the difference engine, and Babbage's analytical machine, which was one of the first devices intended to be automatic.
The abacus was an early calculating tool used by ancient Babylonians. In the 1600s, important early calculating devices were invented including logarithms by John Napier, which allowed multiplication via addition, and Pascal's mechanical calculator. In the 1820s, Charles Babbage proposed plans for an automatic mechanical calculator called the Difference Engine. Herman Hollerith later invented a punched card reader and mechanical counter that automated census data tabulation, laying the foundations for modern computing.
This document summarizes the history of several calculating devices: the abacus invented around 3000 BC using beads on rods for addition and multiplication; Napier's Logs and Bones from 1614 using logarithms to simplify calculations; Pascal's Adding Machine, an early mechanical calculator; and Leibnitz's Calculator which used stepped cylinders instead of wheels to perform multiplications and divisions through repeated addition. It also discusses Jacquard's Loom which used punched cards to control an automatic weaving process, as well as several machines developed by Charles Babbage, Herman Hollerith, and the Mark I computer created by Howard Aiken.
6. Generations & types of Computer - ( CSI-321) ghayour abbas
The document provides a history of computers from ancient times to the first generation of computers in the 1940s-1950s. It describes early counting devices like the abacus and advances in mathematics. Key figures who contributed to early calculating machines are mentioned, such as Pascal, Leibniz, and Babbage who envisioned a programmable computer. Major milestones include the first general purpose electronic computer (ENIAC), the stored program concept with EDVAC/EDSAC, and the first commercial computer (UNIVAC I). The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes, were enormous in size, and could only solve one problem at a time.
Tells you about the History of computers. The various time periods in which the different types of computers were made by decreasing the size of the components used in the computers and increasing the various features in it.
The document summarizes the history of computers from ancient counting devices to modern computers. It describes abacuses, Napier's bones, slide rules, Pascaline, the Analytical Engine, and other early mechanical calculating devices. It highlights the contributions of important figures like Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, and Herman Hollerith. The document traces the evolution of computing technology from early mechanical calculators to programmable machines and the use of punched cards to store data.
The first computers were human beings whose job was to perform complex calculations manually. This led to the development of early mechanical calculating devices like the abacus to aid these "human computers". Over centuries, inventors searched for ways to mechanize calculation, resulting in innovations like Napier's Bones, the slide rule, and early mechanical calculators invented by Wilhelm Schickard, Blaise Pascal, and others. However, the first modern computers were electronic devices that could perform calculations automatically.
The document traces the history and development of calculators from ancient counting tools like the abacus to modern electronic devices. It discusses early mechanical calculators invented in the 1600s and the development of adding machines and slide rules in subsequent centuries. The 1960s saw the beginning of electronic calculators, with the first handheld calculator introduced by Texas Instruments in 1966, revolutionizing their use. Today, powerful calculators are ubiquitous and integrated into cell phones, computers, and other digital technologies.
- The document traces the history of computing from early counting methods like the abacus to modern computers. It outlines three ages of computing: the Dark Age from 3000 BC to 1890 which included early counting devices, the Middle Age from 1890 to 1944 which saw the development of mechanical calculators and punch card systems, and the Modern Age since 1944 which brought electronic stored-program computers like ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer. Key individuals and their inventions throughout computing history are also mentioned such as Charles Babbage, Herman Hollerith, John von Neumann, and the first commercial computer, UNIVAC.
The Indian government has been working over the past few years to include elements of ITS in the transport sector. This standard ensures the optimal operation of the current transport infrastructure. It also increases the efficiency, safety, comfort, and quality of the system. That is why the government created the AIS-140 standard. Compliance with this standard means all vehicles used for public transit must have panic buttons and vehicle tracking modules installed. Nevertheless, in future in the standard protocol of AIS-140 you can expect fare collection and CCTV capabilities.
Get more information here: https://blog.watsoo.com/2023/12/27/all-about-prithvi-ais-140-gps-vehicle-tracker/
1. EshikaChauhan
Grade-5 Mont Blanc
Calculating Devices
3000-BCAbacus
Abacus was the first calculatingdevice for calculations
and it was first made in China.The upperpart of abacus is
called heaven and the downward part is called
Earth.Heaven had 2 beads in each rod and the Earth had
5 beads in each rod.We use to do addition ,subtraction
,multiplication,and division .
2. EshikaChauhan
Grade-5 Mont Blanc
Pascaline
Blaise Pascal , french mathematician invented the first
mechanical calculator at the age of 19 in the year 1642.It is
used gears,wheel,and dials.Numbers were displayed by
rotating the wheels.It is capable to do addition and
subtraction.The gear principal was further employed in many
mechanical calculators.
3. EshikaChauhan
Grade-5 Mont Blanc
SteppedReckoner
Leibniz, a German mathematician invented the
mechanical calculatorcalled stepped reckonerin the year
1671.Apart from addition ,subtraction,multiplication
,divide , it can find square roots too!
4. EshikaChauhan
Grade-5 Mont Blanc
Arithmometer
Arithmometer is the first digital calculating device . It
was invented by ‘Charles Xavier Thomas’ , it was made
in the year 1820 . It was used in daily office life . It
became the first commercially successful mechanical
calculator.
5. EshikaChauhan
Grade-5 Mont Blanc
Comptometer
Dorr Eugene Felt , an American inventor and
industrialist , he made a calculating device called a
comptometer in the year 1887, and he also invented
the first printing adding machine called comptograph .