Middle childhood, from ages 6 to 12, is a time of significant physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development. Children experience steady physical growth and develop gross motor skills. Cognitively, they progress to concrete operational thought and can apply inductive logic. Socio-emotionally, primary schoolers develop through Erikson's industry versus inferiority stage and prioritize school experiences, enjoying time with friends. Their development is influenced by natural maturation as well as environmental and genetic factors.