The document discusses key aspects of Byzantine art including architecture, mosaics, icons, and painting. Hagia Sophia is highlighted as a prominent architectural example known for its vaulting system using pendentives to support a large central dome and semidomes. Mosaics depicted Emperor Justinian and his retinue as well as Empress Theodora and her retinue. Byzantine icons were painted on board with golden backgrounds featuring images of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary and saints. Painting was commonly done as frescoes on walls depicting religious scenes.