An unpaid seller is one who has not received full payment for goods from the buyer. An unpaid seller has several remedies available, including:
1. Retaining possession of the goods (lien) until payment is made if the goods are still in the seller's possession.
2. Stopping goods in transit if the buyer becomes insolvent before delivery.
3. Reselling the goods to recover the unpaid price if the buyer defaults, as long as the seller provides proper notice.
4. Rescinding the sale if given the right of lien or stoppage in transit, if the buyer delays unreasonable payment, or if expressed in the contract.
The document outlines the rights and remedies
These notes are not made by me. this is made by a different group in my class. these notes were provided for everyone in the class as part of our group project.
I am merely sharing these notes to supplement other students in learning the subject.
These notes are not made by me. this is made by a different group in my class. these notes were provided for everyone in the class as part of our group project.
I am merely sharing these notes to supplement other students in learning the subject.
These notes are not made by me. this is made by a different group in my class. these notes were provided for everyone in the class as part of our group project.
I am merely sharing these notes to supplement other students in learning the subject.
These notes are not made by me. this is made by a different group in my class. these notes were provided for everyone in the class as part of our group project.
I am merely sharing these notes to supplement other students in learning the subject.
These notes are not made by me. this is made by a different group in my class. these notes were provided for everyone in the class as part of our group project.
I am merely sharing these notes to supplement other students in learning the subject.
These notes are not made by me. this is made by a different group in my class. these notes were provided for everyone in the class as part of our group project.
I am merely sharing these notes to supplement other students in learning the subject.
These notes are not made by me. this is made by a different group in my class. these notes were provided for everyone in the class as part of our group project.
I am merely sharing these notes to supplement other students in learning the subject.
These notes are not made by me. this is made by a different group in my class. these notes were provided for everyone in the class as part of our group project.
I am merely sharing these notes to supplement other students in learning the subject.
These are my notes from Ms. Zamora's MARKET1 class in DLSU and from art in advertising talk.
I just thought of sharing it since I put so much effort in making my notes neat. I thought it would be a waste to just throw it away. Plus this would be a good way to help others and me as well incase my MARKET1 notebook gets lost or destroyed over time.
These are my notes from Ms. Zamora's MARKET1 class in DLSU and from art in advertising talk.
I just thought of sharing it since I put so much effort in making my notes neat. I thought it would be a waste to just throw it away. Plus this would be a good way to help others and me as well incase my MARKET1 notebook gets lost or destroyed over time.
These notes are not made by me. this is made by a different group in my class. these notes were provided for everyone in the class as part of our group project.
I am merely sharing these notes to supplement other students in learning the subject.
This material is for PGPSE / CSE students of AFTERSCHOOOL. PGPSE / CSE are free online programme - open for all - free for all - to promote entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship PGPSE is for those who want to transform the world. It is different from MBA, BBA, CFA, CA,CS,ICWA and other traditional programmes. It is based on self certification and based on self learning and guidance by mentors. It is for those who want to be entrepreneurs and social changers. Let us work together. Our basic idea is that KNOWLEDGE IS FREE & AND SHARE IT WITH THE WORLD
This material is a part of PGPSE / CSE study material for the students of PGPSE / CSE students. PGPSE is a free online programme for all those who want to be social entrepreneurs / entrepreneurs
From power points and "financial management: principles and application book"
Pointers to review:
1. Introduction to Financial Management
2. Stocks
3. Financial Ratios (Analysis, etc)
4. Quick Ratio
5. Cash outflows
6. Financial Statements
7. Dividends
8. ROA, ROE
9. Time Value of Money
10. EAR
11. Future value of ordinary annuity
12. Annuity vs Perpetuity
13. Present value of cash flows
14. Bonds
15. Bond's yield to maturity
16. Book value per share
17. Preferred vs Common stock
18. Annual Rate of return
19. Risk & Return
20. Payback period
21. Capital Budgeting
22. NPV
23. Cost of Capital
24. Dividend policy (Ex dividend date)
25. Retained Earnings
Isoprofit Method
Corner Point Method
Four Special Cases in LP
Technological Coefficient Change
Right-Hand-Side Value
Sensitivity Analysis
Dual Price/Value
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
BUSLAW1: Sales Topic 5
1. Article 1525
Who is considered an unpaid seller?
- Whole price has not been tendered by buyer
- Whole price has not been paid by the buyer
- The condition for the negotiable instrument used as a conditional payment was broken
Note:
1. Tender of payment of buyer (ex: payment of checks)
Not the same as performance
DOES destroys the seller’s lien
2. Payment of part of price
DOES NOT destroys the seller’s lien
3. Payment of negotiable instrument (ex: promissory notes)
Will only be considered as paid IF:
the buyers has cashed it
They have been impaired through the creditors fault
Article 1526
What are the remedies to an unpaid seller?
Goods are still in the possession of the seller
-
Right of lien or right to retain the goods
Right of resale
Right to rescind the sale
Right to withhold delivery
Goods are not in the possession of the seller (ex: goods are in the process of delivery)
-
Right to stop the goods in transitu
Article 1527
Right of lien
- unpaid seller of the good who is in possession of them is entitled to retain possession of them until
payment or tender of the price in the following cases, namely:
1. Where the goods have been sold without any stipulation as to credit;
2. Where the goods have been sold on credit but the term of credit has expired;
and
3. Where the buyer becomes insolvent
When unpaid seller’s possessory lien may be exercised
1) Sales without stipulation as to credit
2. - seller is entitled to the payment of the price at the same time that he transfers the possession of the
goods
- seller has always a lien upon the goods which he sells until payment of the price
2) Expiration of term of credit
- by nature of a credit sale, the buyer is entitled to the possession of the goods even without paying the
price
- if he fails to pay until the term credit has expired and the price becomes due, he loses the right
3. Insolvency of the buyer
- another situation where the lien of the seller in possession is revived even though the time of the
payment has not yet arrived
-application of a general principle that when one party to a bilateral contract is incapacitated from
performing his part, the other party is also excused from performing his part
Article 1530
Right of Stoppage of Transit
Once the buyer becomes insolvent, the unpaid seller can reclaim the goods in transit and have the same
rights to the goods as if he or she has never parted with the possession.
- giving notice of the claim to the carrier or other bailee in possession
- insolvency need not be judicially declared. (Art. 1636)
Requisites for the exercise of right of stoppage in transit
1. unpaid seller
2. insolvent buyer
3. goods must be in transit
4. seller must either actually take possession of goods sold or give notice of his claim to the carrier or
other person in possession
5. seller must surrender the negotiable document of title, if any, issued by the carrier or bailee
6. seller must bear the expenses of delivery of the goods after the exercise of the right
Basis of right of stoppage in transit
injustice of allowing the buyer to acquire ownership and possession of the goodswithout even paying
and owing to his insolvency, cannot pay the price in exchange for the goods
far-reaching principle allowing rescission and restitution where there is actual or prospective failure of
consideration
3. Article 1533
Right of Resale
- Unpaid seller has the right to resale when he/she has the right of lien or right of stoppage of goods in
transitu.
-Seller may resale a product that is perishable in nature in case buyers defaults on payment.
-Seller does not need to inform the old buyer if he/she will resell something unless it is not perishable
and/or it is expressedly stated in the contract.
- Seller is not liable for any profit made by resale, but if he sells for less the price, he has the right to sue
the original buyer for the balance
Article 1534
When seller may rescind
•
Has right of lien
•
Has right to stay the good in transitu
•
It was expressed in the sales contract in case the buyer should default
•
The buyer delays the payment for an unreasonable time
Effect of Rescission
•
Seller resumes ownership of the goods
•
Seller is not liable to the original buyer
•
Seller recover damages from the original buyer for the loss occassioned by the breach in
contract of sale
How the seller may rescind
By choice of the seller to rescind
Manifested through:
notice of the buyer
through act of intention to rescind
Communication of choice to rescind is not necessary
BUT IN RESELL:
the giving or failure to give a notice is relevant to in determining whether the buyer had been in default
for an unreasonable time
4. Article 1544
Rules as to Preference of Ownership in Double Sales
IN CASE OF MOVABLES/CHATTEL/GOODS
Between the two buyers, one has preference if :
a.) takes possession first
b.) in good faith
IN CASE OF IMMOVABLES/REAL PROPERTIES
1.) Ownership belongs to the buyer who registers first in good faith in the Registry of Deeds.
Registry of Deeds.
The designation, in certain jurisdictions, of the public officers who record documents that
establish ownership of property, mortgages, and other instruments that relate to real property in
official record books provided and maintained for such purpose.
Registers of deeds are also known as recorders of deeds.
2.) In the absence of registration, ownership pertains to the buyer who takes possession first and in
good faith.
3.) In the absence of registration and possession, ownership shall belong to the buyer who presents
the oldest title and in good faith.
Article 1598
Buyer’s remedies where seller breaks the contract for sale of goods
Remedies
a. Fulfillment of specific performance with damages
b. Rescission with damages
5. Article 1599
Breach of Warranty Remedies:
a. Accept and recoup
b. Accept and maintain an action
c. Refuse and maintain an action
d. Rescind and recover payment
When rescission by the buyer not allowed
a. when he accepted the goods knowing of the breach of warranty
b. if he fails to notify the seller within a reasonable time of his election to rescind
c. if he fails to return or offer to return the goods in substantially as good condition as they were
transferred
Rights and obligation of buyer in case of rescission
1. Return the goods
2. Recover payment
3. Hold the goods as bailee for the seller if the seller refuse the return of goods
4. Right of lien on the goods