1. The document discusses Brazil's political and economic environment, including its political system, recent political scandals involving the state-owned oil company Petrobras, and its 2015 index of economic freedom.
2. It provides an overview of Brazil's economy, trade, investment opportunities, technology sector, science, employment laws, and environmental issues.
3. The document also examines aspects of Brazilian culture like family ties, gender roles, education, time conception, and nonverbal communication styles that are important for doing business in Brazil.
Emerging Market Study – Top 3 for business in South America. This presentation gives a brief information about the top 3 emerging markets in South America.
1. Three significant transition happened in Mexico
I. Replacing a primarily agricultural based economy to an industrial based economy.
II. Shift from closed economy to an open economy.
III. Increasing private ownership and reducing public ownership throughout the economy.
2. Mexico Current Status
I. Unemployment 5.18%
II. Inflation 4.15%
III. 14th largest nominal GDP
3. Trade
I. Trade is mostly done with the United States.
II. Imports: Machines and Industrial equipment.
III. Exports: Agricultural and manufactured goods
IV. FDI in telecommunication and energy.
4. Trade Openness and Protectionism Today
I. Experienced huge trade liberalization from 1989 to 2000
a. Widening the gap between rural and urban area.
b. Diverse effect on wage rate
c. Reduced poverty by about 3%; bringing 3 million individuals out of poverty.
5. FDI and Migration Policies
I. One of Mexico’s main points in writing the NAFTA agreement is that an increase of FDI will decrease Mexican immigration to other countries.
II. On average doubling of FDI will lead to 1.5 – 2% decrease in migration.
III. Mexico doubled FDI from 2012 to 2013 with nearly 35.2 Billion.
6. Changes in Mexico’s Trade and FDI
I. Past
II. Present
7. Causation
I. Market Structures - Liberalization and privatization of various industries
II. Technologies - Have improved infrastructure immensely over the past 20 years
III. Political Factors - Cartels have distorted the influence of their judicial system.
8. International Engagement
I. Free trade Agreements (FTA) have been one of the primary reasons behind Mexico’s recent economic growth and emergence as a low supplier of goods.
II. NAFTA - Increase trade and FDI between Mexico and the US
Emerging Market Study – Top 3 for business in South America. This presentation gives a brief information about the top 3 emerging markets in South America.
1. Three significant transition happened in Mexico
I. Replacing a primarily agricultural based economy to an industrial based economy.
II. Shift from closed economy to an open economy.
III. Increasing private ownership and reducing public ownership throughout the economy.
2. Mexico Current Status
I. Unemployment 5.18%
II. Inflation 4.15%
III. 14th largest nominal GDP
3. Trade
I. Trade is mostly done with the United States.
II. Imports: Machines and Industrial equipment.
III. Exports: Agricultural and manufactured goods
IV. FDI in telecommunication and energy.
4. Trade Openness and Protectionism Today
I. Experienced huge trade liberalization from 1989 to 2000
a. Widening the gap between rural and urban area.
b. Diverse effect on wage rate
c. Reduced poverty by about 3%; bringing 3 million individuals out of poverty.
5. FDI and Migration Policies
I. One of Mexico’s main points in writing the NAFTA agreement is that an increase of FDI will decrease Mexican immigration to other countries.
II. On average doubling of FDI will lead to 1.5 – 2% decrease in migration.
III. Mexico doubled FDI from 2012 to 2013 with nearly 35.2 Billion.
6. Changes in Mexico’s Trade and FDI
I. Past
II. Present
7. Causation
I. Market Structures - Liberalization and privatization of various industries
II. Technologies - Have improved infrastructure immensely over the past 20 years
III. Political Factors - Cartels have distorted the influence of their judicial system.
8. International Engagement
I. Free trade Agreements (FTA) have been one of the primary reasons behind Mexico’s recent economic growth and emergence as a low supplier of goods.
II. NAFTA - Increase trade and FDI between Mexico and the US
www.hasnainmraza.com
Africa has infinite potential. With numerous resources, an improving business climate and better economic governance, the numbers showing growth have been very positive. This presentation covers topics that speak on Africa's growth and where it can go. Here's a few stats that show how well the continent is doing:
A report from the African development bank said 33% of Africa's countries have GDP growth rates higher than 6%.
The costs of starting a business dropped upwards of 66% over the last 7 years.
The continent's middle class is growing at a very quick rate - approximately 350 million Africans now earn between $2 and $20 a day.
The share of the population living below the poverty line in Africa has dropped from 51% in 2005 to 39% in 2012.
Africa's collective GDP was $1.6 trillion in 2008, which was roughly equal to Brazil and Russia's GDP.
www.hasnainmraza.com
THE EFFECTS OF ILLEGAL TRADE ACROSS THE BORDER WITH THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AN...Stanleylucas
Haiti faces a great many development challenges and needs to invest heavily in the areas of education, health, and infrastructure as a means of spurring economic growth and achieving sustainable development. The country shares the island of Quisqueya with the Dominican Republic (DR), and unlike Haiti, that country has been able to grow its economy consistently over the past six decades and it stands today as one of the most vibrant economies of the Central American and Caribbean regions; the DR has a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $ US 73.6 billion and a GDP per capita of $ US 6,909.
Haiti on the other hand, the only Less Developed Country (LDC) of the western hemisphere, has a GDP of $ US 8 billion and a GDP per capita of $ US 729. This stands in stark contrast with the economic performance of its neighbor, a result that is surprising since the two countries had similar GDP per capita as recently as the early 1960’s.
Studies point to structural measures (investment in education, and infrastructures) as one of the main factors that explain the difference in the growth experience of the two countries.
Smuggling of merchandise goods from the DR to Haiti has grown significantly over the past fifteen years, and today, estimates of the volume of illegal trade range from $ US 630 million to $ US 1 billion; that is at least 8% of GDP. Revenue losses caused by these illegal activities have been estimated to range between $ US 184 million and $ US 440 million. The availability of an additional $ US 250 million would have kept the Haitian Treasury from running a deficit over the past five years, and the macroeconomic environment would not have deteriorated as much as it did: high inflation and exchange rate volatility. GDP would have also risen by an additional 1.85% had the $ US 250 million shortfall been used to increase capital expenditures.
Answer to question: Do you think that the lifestyle of the inhabitants of your town or city reflects behavior that is in line with the concept of sustainable development? In your opinion, what should be improved?
The impact of illicit trade to industrial development and processes.How it has impacted developing countries as well as the types of illicit trade occurring .Advantages and disadvantages of illicit trade to the economy
This was prepared prior to 12-day Executive MBA Emerging Market Residency in South America, which included stops in Argentina (Buenos Aires), Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) and Chile (Santiago).
www.hasnainmraza.com
Africa has infinite potential. With numerous resources, an improving business climate and better economic governance, the numbers showing growth have been very positive. This presentation covers topics that speak on Africa's growth and where it can go. Here's a few stats that show how well the continent is doing:
A report from the African development bank said 33% of Africa's countries have GDP growth rates higher than 6%.
The costs of starting a business dropped upwards of 66% over the last 7 years.
The continent's middle class is growing at a very quick rate - approximately 350 million Africans now earn between $2 and $20 a day.
The share of the population living below the poverty line in Africa has dropped from 51% in 2005 to 39% in 2012.
Africa's collective GDP was $1.6 trillion in 2008, which was roughly equal to Brazil and Russia's GDP.
www.hasnainmraza.com
THE EFFECTS OF ILLEGAL TRADE ACROSS THE BORDER WITH THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AN...Stanleylucas
Haiti faces a great many development challenges and needs to invest heavily in the areas of education, health, and infrastructure as a means of spurring economic growth and achieving sustainable development. The country shares the island of Quisqueya with the Dominican Republic (DR), and unlike Haiti, that country has been able to grow its economy consistently over the past six decades and it stands today as one of the most vibrant economies of the Central American and Caribbean regions; the DR has a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $ US 73.6 billion and a GDP per capita of $ US 6,909.
Haiti on the other hand, the only Less Developed Country (LDC) of the western hemisphere, has a GDP of $ US 8 billion and a GDP per capita of $ US 729. This stands in stark contrast with the economic performance of its neighbor, a result that is surprising since the two countries had similar GDP per capita as recently as the early 1960’s.
Studies point to structural measures (investment in education, and infrastructures) as one of the main factors that explain the difference in the growth experience of the two countries.
Smuggling of merchandise goods from the DR to Haiti has grown significantly over the past fifteen years, and today, estimates of the volume of illegal trade range from $ US 630 million to $ US 1 billion; that is at least 8% of GDP. Revenue losses caused by these illegal activities have been estimated to range between $ US 184 million and $ US 440 million. The availability of an additional $ US 250 million would have kept the Haitian Treasury from running a deficit over the past five years, and the macroeconomic environment would not have deteriorated as much as it did: high inflation and exchange rate volatility. GDP would have also risen by an additional 1.85% had the $ US 250 million shortfall been used to increase capital expenditures.
Answer to question: Do you think that the lifestyle of the inhabitants of your town or city reflects behavior that is in line with the concept of sustainable development? In your opinion, what should be improved?
The impact of illicit trade to industrial development and processes.How it has impacted developing countries as well as the types of illicit trade occurring .Advantages and disadvantages of illicit trade to the economy
This was prepared prior to 12-day Executive MBA Emerging Market Residency in South America, which included stops in Argentina (Buenos Aires), Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) and Chile (Santiago).
Group work in International Trade (March 2015):
PESTLE model should help us to evaluate the country Brazil in terms of its attractiveness as a trade partner country. My part: "Future Development" of Brazil (Slide p. 35)
In course of the presentation, you get familiar with Brazil's politics, its economical situation, social environment, legal issues and shortly with its external environment. The research was conducted in March 2015.
The slide presentation is about Brazil influence in the Caribbean economies, specially in the CARICOM countries and evaluate the Brazil-Caribbean relationship
We finance 80% of your new industry or project in Brazil, in addition we give you free land, tax incentives and some exemptions and free infra structure for sustainable enterprises.
This joint presentation with Kegler Brown, JPMorgan Chase and the Ohio Department of Development educated attendees regarding the legal and financial considerations to be considered when doing business in Brazil, Chile and Colombia. Topics addressed include Mercosur, labor, finance, trade, tax, culture, politics and the regulatory environment in South America.
The Website Globalization and E-Business Series includes a series of brief reports on country-specific website globalization and e-business topics. This series of reports is meant to be a primer on e-commerce as well as a collection of language, culture and website globalization facts by country.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Business Environment Presentation
1. Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies
Starring
Nikhita Kumar || B 8
Chandrashekhar Cholli || B 20
Sreeraj P.S || B 22
Nafees Khan || B 23
Kamalamani Palle || B 65
BRAZIL-THE STEEPLED CHASE
2. Quick Facts…
5th Largest Country-Geography & Population
Largest Portuguese Speaking Country
Capital Brasilia
Currency Brazilian Real
6. Political scandals, and the uncertainty they
create, are helping to scare off investors. The
most visible involves Petrobras, the state-
controlled oil company. As the scandal has
unfolded, Petrobras stock has fallen 60% over the
past year, and the company has had to write off
$2 billion in bribery-related costs, while grappling
with low oil prices.
POLITICAL SCANDALS
7. The case of Petrobras in Brazil, where corrupt officials siphoned billions of
dollars from the country’s largest company into political parties’ coffers and private
hands is recent example that serve as a reminder of the lack of significant progress in
the region.
8. 1. RULE OF LAW
• Property Rights
• Freedom from Corruption
2. GOVERNMENT SIZE
• Fiscal Freedom
• Govt. Spending
3. REGULATORY EFFICIENCY
• Business Freedom
• Labor Freedom
• Monetary Freedom
4. OPEN MARKETS
• Trade freedom
• Investment Freedom
• Financial Freedom
2015 INDEX OF ECONOMIC
FREEDOM
9.
10.
11. Economy
• Financial Capital – Sao Paulo
• Currency – Brazilian Real
• GDP – $2.3 trillion
• GDP Growth Rate - ( -1% 2015 )
• GDP Per Capita - $15,435 (2014)
• GDP by Sector – Agriculture 5.5%, Industry 27.5% and Services 67%
• Unemployment Rate - 7.3% ( December 2015 )
• Easy of doing Business – 120th Rank
• Large population 203,824,520
12. Exports
• $256 Billion
• Transport Equipment,
Iron Ore, Soybeans,
Coffee etc
• Main Export Partners
1. China 17%
2. USA 11.1%
3. Argentina 7.4%
4. Netherland 6.2%
Imports
• $238.8 Billion
• Machinery, Electrical and
Electronics, Oil, etc
• Main Import Partners
1. China 15.4%
2. USA 14.7%
3. Argentina 7.4%
4. Germany 6.4%
5. South Korea 4.1%
13. Features
• Rapidly expanding middle class
• Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American
countries
• High interest rates have made it an attractive destination for
foreign investors
• 85 percent of the population living in urban areas in 2013
• The Brazilian economy is characterized by moderately free
markets and an inward-oriented outlook
14. Features
• Corruption costs Brazil an estimated 53 billion U.S. dollars in
2013
• World’s largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years
• largest company Petrobas -revenue 130 billion U.S. dollars
• Gross External Debt $482 Billion
• Public Debt 54.9% of GDP
• Foreign Reserves $377.5 Billion
15. Foreign Direct Investment - Reason to
Invest in Brazil
• FDI inflow of USD 62 billion in 2014
• A domestic market of nearly 200 million inhabitants
• A booming economy;
• Easy access to raw materials
• A diversified economy, less vulnerable to international
crises
• A strategic position allowing easy access to other South-
American countries
16.
17. Technology
• Leader of science and technology in South America
• IT market in Brazil is the largest in Latin America (47.4%)
And it accounts to 3% of the global IT market
• Brazil got off to late industrialization which began in 1930s
• The acceleration pace of the growth was witnessed till 1980
18. •Technological research largely carried out in public sector,
more than 73% funds from govt
•1% of GDP is spend on R&D
•According to UNESCO Brazil had about 625 researchers for
every 1 Mn citizen
•Brazil has highest level of patent application in Latin America
•European Union agreement for scientific and technological
cooperative
Technology
19.
20. Science and Medicine:
• Legislation Permit on Stem cell research in vitro fertilized embryos – Catholics
opposition on human cloning
• Clinical Trails on Humans – Brazilians as human guinea pigs
Business:
• The clean company law (2014) – Strict implication on domestic and foreign companies
on corruption.
IP Laws:
• Conflict between -- Patent & Trademark office vs. Health Organization especially in
Life Sciences.
Ethical Laws &Factors
21. Sports
• International Convention – No rules against Doping till 2007
• FIFA 2014 world cup – protests from civilians
• 2016 Olympics – Tightening corruption laws
Education
• Corrupt Schools, Corrupt Universities: The Unesco intervention
Ethical Laws &Factors
22.
23. Employment Laws:
• 13th month Salary
• >100 employees Must employ a min mandatory quota of employees with
disabilities.
Criminal Laws :
• Sentencing – Max 30 years ONLY
• Preferential treatment in Jails for prisoners having college degrees such as
better cells and food.
• Legal drinking age is 18 but it is not enforced.
Tax Laws:
• High Tax burdens on citizens
• 10% service charge is automatically included in restaurants and hotels.
Legal
26. No. of Env
Policies
-6th BRICS Summit-MOUs on
Environment
Cleaner
Technology
-Investment
-Govt Incentives
Govt
Ineffective
-A little helpful
-But Execution of these
policies remains a question
mark
What is Brazil Doing?
30. • 20% of the population lives under the poverty line
• 5 % of the population owns 80 % of Brazil's land
• Elite 10 % control 53.2 % of wealth
• 85 % of Brazilians have no system of sewage disposal
• More than 70 % of the population have no running water at all
Inequity of Wealth Distribution &
Poverty
31. • Like Indian family ties are strong in Brazil
• Brazilian family ties provide considerably greater access to
business joint ventures
• As against the culture of western world, Brazilians as a
whole look more or less favorably on the practice of
nepotism
• loyalty is generally more highly valued than in nations such
as the United States, Canada, or Great Britain
Family Ties
32. Language
• Most populous Portuguese-speaking country in the world
• Portuguese language is a useful tool when doing business in
Brazil
• The use of Portuguese in Brazil by business people is of
particular value
• English is also widespread, especially among the educated
and the business class
33. Gender Roles
• Gender roles are more clearly differentiated in Brazil than
in western part of the world
• Gender-based etiquette exist in contrast to U.S. business
people who avoid gender-based etiquette
• Dress is also highly differentiated between men and
women in Brazil. Many Brazilians give considerably more
attention to make-up and appearance
34. Education
• Education itself is not widespread in Brazil as a whole
• One half of Latin America's illiterate population lives in Brazil
• Less than 18 percent of all Brazilians over the age of ten have
gone beyond four years of school
• more than half of all Brazilian children have never gone to
school at all
35. Time Conception
• Brazil has a polychronic culture i.e. ranks personal
involvement and completion of existing transactions above
the demands of preset schedules
• Appointments are secondary
36. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
• Brazilian concepts of personal distance are considerably
closer than western world
• Brazilians also place a good deal of emphasis on touch. E.g.
handshakes of considerably longer duration and greeting
kisses between men and women as well as among women
themselves
• Brazilians may be more expressive with their gestures
• Business dress is considerably more fashion-conscious than
elsewhere in the world
E.g. Shoes in particular receive considerable attention in
Brazil