This document discusses cultural customs related to business interactions in various countries. It covers topics such as greeting customs, verbal expressions, gender relationships in the workplace, and the appropriate use of humor. For example, it notes that handshakes vary between cultures in terms of firmness. It also advises being cautious with humor around those from other cultures since jokes may not translate well or could unintentionally offend. The overall message is that understanding cultural customs is important for smooth intercultural business communication.
This document discusses cross-cultural communication with Americans. It begins by defining key terms like culture, communication, and cross-cultural communication. It then explores concepts like mainstream culture, individual behavior, generalizations, stereotypes, and the melting pot vs mosaic descriptions of American society. Specific aspects of American culture discussed include values around individualism, direct communication styles, and differences in verbal and nonverbal communication between cultures. The document examines the adjustment process for those in a new culture and potential sources of cross-cultural conflict and misunderstanding.
Lập kế hoạch marketing mix cho caravelle hotelluanvantrust
Vì thế, xuất phát từ tình hình thực tế cũng như nhận thức được tầm quan trọng của vấn đề trên, em đã chọn đề tài “lập kế hoạch marketing mix cho caravelle hotel" để làm đề tài tiểu luận
Báo cáo thực tập tốt nghiệp: Báo cáo thực tập tại bộ phận housekeeping tại khách sạn JW Marrott cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo .
Link tải: bit.ly/lv0005
Highland Coffee Launching Plan by Cuong KhongCuong Khong
The document provides a market analysis and marketing plan for a new Highlands Coffee location in HCMC. It includes a PEST analysis of the coffee industry in Vietnam, identifying strengths and weaknesses. A SWOT analysis notes Highlands' brand equity but also competitive pressures. Market research involved customer segmentation and identifying needs. The marketing plan proposes products and pricing, and discusses promotion strategies like discounts and games. It provides financial projections and recommendations to address issues like long wait times.
Nhận viết luận văn đại học, thạc sĩ trọn gói, chất lượng, LH ZALO=>0909232620
Tham khảo dịch vụ, bảng giá tại: https://vietbaitotnghiep.com/dich-vu-viet-thue-luan-van
Download luận văn đồ án tốt nghiệp với đề tài: Báo cáo thực tập Công tác buồng phòng tại khách sạn JW Marriott Hà Nội, cho các bạn làm đề tài tham khảo
Kế hoạch Marketing tổng thể Haidilao Hotpot - Bài cuối môn Enter Digital - Họ...Học viện Kstudy
Bản kế hoạch marketing tổng thể (marketing plan) về thương hiệu Haidilao Hotpot do học viên Aiden Nguyễn (Học viện Kstudy) thực hiện.
Bản kế hoạch marketing Haidilao này là bài tập cuối môn Enter Digital, thuộc học phần Marketing căn bản được giảng dạy tại Học viện Kstudy.
Giảng viên: Nguyễn Đình Khiêm
Học viện Kstudy
135 Trần Phú, Hà Đông, Hà Nội
www.kstudy.edu.vn
https://www.facebook.com/hocvienkstudy
This document discusses cross-cultural communication with Americans. It begins by defining key terms like culture, communication, and cross-cultural communication. It then explores concepts like mainstream culture, individual behavior, generalizations, stereotypes, and the melting pot vs mosaic descriptions of American society. Specific aspects of American culture discussed include values around individualism, direct communication styles, and differences in verbal and nonverbal communication between cultures. The document examines the adjustment process for those in a new culture and potential sources of cross-cultural conflict and misunderstanding.
Lập kế hoạch marketing mix cho caravelle hotelluanvantrust
Vì thế, xuất phát từ tình hình thực tế cũng như nhận thức được tầm quan trọng của vấn đề trên, em đã chọn đề tài “lập kế hoạch marketing mix cho caravelle hotel" để làm đề tài tiểu luận
Báo cáo thực tập tốt nghiệp: Báo cáo thực tập tại bộ phận housekeeping tại khách sạn JW Marrott cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo .
Link tải: bit.ly/lv0005
Highland Coffee Launching Plan by Cuong KhongCuong Khong
The document provides a market analysis and marketing plan for a new Highlands Coffee location in HCMC. It includes a PEST analysis of the coffee industry in Vietnam, identifying strengths and weaknesses. A SWOT analysis notes Highlands' brand equity but also competitive pressures. Market research involved customer segmentation and identifying needs. The marketing plan proposes products and pricing, and discusses promotion strategies like discounts and games. It provides financial projections and recommendations to address issues like long wait times.
Nhận viết luận văn đại học, thạc sĩ trọn gói, chất lượng, LH ZALO=>0909232620
Tham khảo dịch vụ, bảng giá tại: https://vietbaitotnghiep.com/dich-vu-viet-thue-luan-van
Download luận văn đồ án tốt nghiệp với đề tài: Báo cáo thực tập Công tác buồng phòng tại khách sạn JW Marriott Hà Nội, cho các bạn làm đề tài tham khảo
Kế hoạch Marketing tổng thể Haidilao Hotpot - Bài cuối môn Enter Digital - Họ...Học viện Kstudy
Bản kế hoạch marketing tổng thể (marketing plan) về thương hiệu Haidilao Hotpot do học viên Aiden Nguyễn (Học viện Kstudy) thực hiện.
Bản kế hoạch marketing Haidilao này là bài tập cuối môn Enter Digital, thuộc học phần Marketing căn bản được giảng dạy tại Học viện Kstudy.
Giảng viên: Nguyễn Đình Khiêm
Học viện Kstudy
135 Trần Phú, Hà Đông, Hà Nội
www.kstudy.edu.vn
https://www.facebook.com/hocvienkstudy
Dự án nhà hàng ẩm thực cua
Dự án nhà hàng ẩm thực cua
Dự án nhà hàng ẩm thực cua
CÔNG TY MÔI TRƯỜNG THẢO NGUYÊN XANH
Trụ sở: 158 Nguyễn Văn Thủ, P. Đakao, Quận 1, Hồ Chí Minh
Hotline: 0839118552 - 0918755356
Fax: 08391185791
VP Hà Nội: P. 502 Số B9/D6 khu đô thị mới Cầu Giấy, Phường Dịch Vọng, Quận Cầu Giấy, Hà Nội
Hotline: ĐT: 0433526997
Home:
http://thaonguyenxanhgroup.com
http://www.lapduan.com.vn/
http://lapduandautu.com.vn/
http://lapduan.net
The chapter discusses different aspects of housing in Britain. It first notes that most Brits prefer detached houses rather than flats as houses provide more privacy and status. Issues like private versus public property can also be clearer with houses. While houses are seen as investments, the importance of having a "home" remains. Housing conformity is also addressed, though many Brits add extensions or outbuildings to express individuality. Interiors are usually decorated for coziness over style, using traditional symbols like fireplaces. Most housing is owned rather than rented, though homelessness remains an issue due to factors like economic downturns and lack of affordable housing.
Nhận viết luận văn đại học, thạc sĩ trọn gói, chất lượng, LH ZALO=>0909232620
Tham khảo dịch vụ, bảng giá tại: https://vietbaitotnghiep.com/dich-vu-viet-thue-luan-van
Chuyên đề nâng cao chất lượng dịch vụ của nhà hàng, RẤT HAY. Chia sẻ cho các bạn sinh viên tài liệu tốt nghiệp ngành quản trị kinh doanh các bạn làm chuyên đề tốt nghiệp quản trị kinh doanh vào tải nhé.
Nhận viết luận văn đại học, thạc sĩ trọn gói, chất lượng, LH ZALO=>0909232620
Tham khảo dịch vụ, bảng giá tại: https://vietbaitotnghiep.com/dich-vu-viet-thue-luan-van
Báo cáo thực tập lập dự án kinh doanh nhà hàng tinh hoa Hà Nội, RẤT HAY. Chia sẻ cho các bạn sinh viên tài liệu tốt nghiệp ngành quản trị kinh doanh, các bạn làm chuyên đề tốt nghiệp quản trị kinh doanh vào tải nhé.
Dịch vụ lập báo cáo môi trường ĐTM | Xử lý nước thải | 0903034381
Thiết kế quy hoạch
Lập báo cáo môi trường
Lập dự án
Xử lý nước thải
http://lapduandautu.com.vn
Đối tượng nghiên cứu của luận văn bao gồm: các hoạt động liên quan đến quá trình tổ chức và phục vụ bàn tại nhà hàng Silk Road, các khách hàng đến ăn tại nhà hàng cũng như các yếu tố về con người, cơ sở vật chất kỹ thuật sử dụng trong quá trình phục vụ bàn tại nhà hàng
The document provides an outline for a lesson on commercial correspondence. It discusses the layout of business letters and how to write various types of business letters and correspondence, including enquiries, replies, quotations, offers, orders, and complaints. It provides examples of business letter layout and the functions of different parts of a business letter. It also gives exercises for students to practice writing business letters and correspondence.
Bao cao nghiep vu Buong trong khach san
Hiện tại nhóm mình hỗ trợ ___+ Tư Vấn Đề Tài Miễn Phí phù hợp với Sinh viên ______+ Đề cương chi tiết báo cáo thực tập ______+ Số liệu - Dấu Xác nhận Công ty ______+ Bài mẫu cho SV tham khảo làm bài ______+ Viết báo cáo trọn gói công ty + Bài Mới Không Coppy từ nguồn khác. ______+ Bảo mật thông tin – Uy tín làm việc ______Sđt/ Zalo: 0909 23 26 20___Email: hotrosinhvienthuctap@gmail.com
This document provides examples and exercises for analyzing semantic features of words. It begins by giving groups of words and having the reader identify shared and distinguishing semantic features between the groups. Some examples of semantic features identified are [+edible], [+shellfish], [+human], and [+abstract notion]. The document then provides words and asks the reader to identify their individual semantic features. It concludes with exercises that have the reader organize words into semantic fields, identify references versus senses, interpret figurative language, and fill in lexical gaps.
This document summarizes the results of a survey about English language learning practices in Vietnam. Some key findings include:
- Half of English learners study for career or job purposes, while 40% study for official English tests. Speaking was the most desired skill to improve.
- While smartphone apps are popular study methods, practical communication was seen as most effective. Native English speakers and variety of programs were important factors in choosing language schools.
- Popular offline schools were ACET, ILA, and VUS, while popular online options included Tienganh123 and Topica for their costs, native teacher availability, and test preparation courses.
- English schools catered to students and workers and offered both short affordable
Before the late 1800s, most Vietnamese lived in rural villages and practiced wet rice cultivation. Traditional Vietnamese culture was influenced by China, with families emphasizing filial piety and ancestor veneration. However, French colonization introduced Western individualism and gender equality, weakening traditional social structures. After the Vietnam War, the country faced health and environmental issues from Agent Orange as well as land mines, while recent economic reforms have led to increasing social problems like corruption, unemployment, and drug use.
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and dealing with cultural conflicts in the workplace. It addresses how culture shapes our identities and how misunderstandings can arise from differing cultural norms between people. The document provides strategies for reducing uncertainty when communicating with strangers from different cultures, such as passively observing, actively seeking information, or directly interacting with them. It also discusses how to resolve conflicts that arise from cultural differences and ways to prevent discrimination in the workplace.
Đúng như tôi đã nghỉ, mỗi điểm đến nơi đây để lại trong mỗi người chúng tôi những cung bậc cảm xúc khác nhau, lúc thì vui cười hớn hở, cũng có những lúc chúng tôi lắng lòng và suy nghĩ điều gì sẽ đến với chúng tôi sau chuyến đi này, chưa lúc nào chúng tôi cảm thấy quý trọng cái thời gian này, cái lớp gì nhớ lúc nào cũng đùa giỡn, đôi khi làm thầy cô phải buồn lòng, vậy mà giờ đứa nào cũng đã mạnh dạng đứng trên xe thuyết minh, tôi chợt nhận ra rằng thời gian trôi qua quá nhanh, nhanh đến mức chúng tôi không ngờ.
Đây là một chuyến đi mà chắc hẳn sẽ không bao giờ có nữa, sẽ không còn những lúc cùng nhau gắn bó trên một ngôi nhà nhỏ, nhưng kỉ niệm ấy chắc hẵn ai trong mỗi người chúng tôi sẽ luôn giữ mãi cho riêng mình. Đây thật sự là một chuyến đi đầy bổ ích, qua chuyến đi này chúng tôi thấy mình hiểu tính cách của nhau hơn đặc biệt trưởng thành hơn rất nhiều. Đặc biệt là được tham quan một vùng đất mới.
Nâng cao chất lượng dịch vụ ăn uống tại Nhà hàng Gogi House Giang Văn Minhhieu anh
Chính vì lý do đó em xin chọn đề tài nghiên cứu “ Nâng cao chất lượng dịch vụ ăn uống tại Nhà hàng Gogi House Giang Văn Minh ” để nghiên cứu vấn đề tìm ra nguyên nhân cụ thể từ đó đề xuất các biện pháp hữu hiệu và cần thiết trên phương diện thực tiễn từ đó giúp nhà hàng Gogi House Giang Văn Minh nói riêng
This chapter discusses many laws that affect international business and travel. It covers home country laws, host country laws, international laws, contracts, patents, ethics, and travel requirements. Specific regulations and considerations are provided for topics like contracts, technology, employment, and travel to different countries.
This document discusses the key components of intercultural negotiations. It identifies several factors that affect intercultural negotiations, including cultural noise, national culture, power and authority, perception, interpreters, gender, environment, and relationships. It also examines negotiation styles across different cultures like the US, China, Japan, and others. Effective negotiators are described as observant, adaptable, good listeners, and able to ascertain different cultural perspectives.
Dự án nhà hàng ẩm thực cua
Dự án nhà hàng ẩm thực cua
Dự án nhà hàng ẩm thực cua
CÔNG TY MÔI TRƯỜNG THẢO NGUYÊN XANH
Trụ sở: 158 Nguyễn Văn Thủ, P. Đakao, Quận 1, Hồ Chí Minh
Hotline: 0839118552 - 0918755356
Fax: 08391185791
VP Hà Nội: P. 502 Số B9/D6 khu đô thị mới Cầu Giấy, Phường Dịch Vọng, Quận Cầu Giấy, Hà Nội
Hotline: ĐT: 0433526997
Home:
http://thaonguyenxanhgroup.com
http://www.lapduan.com.vn/
http://lapduandautu.com.vn/
http://lapduan.net
The chapter discusses different aspects of housing in Britain. It first notes that most Brits prefer detached houses rather than flats as houses provide more privacy and status. Issues like private versus public property can also be clearer with houses. While houses are seen as investments, the importance of having a "home" remains. Housing conformity is also addressed, though many Brits add extensions or outbuildings to express individuality. Interiors are usually decorated for coziness over style, using traditional symbols like fireplaces. Most housing is owned rather than rented, though homelessness remains an issue due to factors like economic downturns and lack of affordable housing.
Nhận viết luận văn đại học, thạc sĩ trọn gói, chất lượng, LH ZALO=>0909232620
Tham khảo dịch vụ, bảng giá tại: https://vietbaitotnghiep.com/dich-vu-viet-thue-luan-van
Chuyên đề nâng cao chất lượng dịch vụ của nhà hàng, RẤT HAY. Chia sẻ cho các bạn sinh viên tài liệu tốt nghiệp ngành quản trị kinh doanh các bạn làm chuyên đề tốt nghiệp quản trị kinh doanh vào tải nhé.
Nhận viết luận văn đại học, thạc sĩ trọn gói, chất lượng, LH ZALO=>0909232620
Tham khảo dịch vụ, bảng giá tại: https://vietbaitotnghiep.com/dich-vu-viet-thue-luan-van
Báo cáo thực tập lập dự án kinh doanh nhà hàng tinh hoa Hà Nội, RẤT HAY. Chia sẻ cho các bạn sinh viên tài liệu tốt nghiệp ngành quản trị kinh doanh, các bạn làm chuyên đề tốt nghiệp quản trị kinh doanh vào tải nhé.
Dịch vụ lập báo cáo môi trường ĐTM | Xử lý nước thải | 0903034381
Thiết kế quy hoạch
Lập báo cáo môi trường
Lập dự án
Xử lý nước thải
http://lapduandautu.com.vn
Đối tượng nghiên cứu của luận văn bao gồm: các hoạt động liên quan đến quá trình tổ chức và phục vụ bàn tại nhà hàng Silk Road, các khách hàng đến ăn tại nhà hàng cũng như các yếu tố về con người, cơ sở vật chất kỹ thuật sử dụng trong quá trình phục vụ bàn tại nhà hàng
The document provides an outline for a lesson on commercial correspondence. It discusses the layout of business letters and how to write various types of business letters and correspondence, including enquiries, replies, quotations, offers, orders, and complaints. It provides examples of business letter layout and the functions of different parts of a business letter. It also gives exercises for students to practice writing business letters and correspondence.
Bao cao nghiep vu Buong trong khach san
Hiện tại nhóm mình hỗ trợ ___+ Tư Vấn Đề Tài Miễn Phí phù hợp với Sinh viên ______+ Đề cương chi tiết báo cáo thực tập ______+ Số liệu - Dấu Xác nhận Công ty ______+ Bài mẫu cho SV tham khảo làm bài ______+ Viết báo cáo trọn gói công ty + Bài Mới Không Coppy từ nguồn khác. ______+ Bảo mật thông tin – Uy tín làm việc ______Sđt/ Zalo: 0909 23 26 20___Email: hotrosinhvienthuctap@gmail.com
This document provides examples and exercises for analyzing semantic features of words. It begins by giving groups of words and having the reader identify shared and distinguishing semantic features between the groups. Some examples of semantic features identified are [+edible], [+shellfish], [+human], and [+abstract notion]. The document then provides words and asks the reader to identify their individual semantic features. It concludes with exercises that have the reader organize words into semantic fields, identify references versus senses, interpret figurative language, and fill in lexical gaps.
This document summarizes the results of a survey about English language learning practices in Vietnam. Some key findings include:
- Half of English learners study for career or job purposes, while 40% study for official English tests. Speaking was the most desired skill to improve.
- While smartphone apps are popular study methods, practical communication was seen as most effective. Native English speakers and variety of programs were important factors in choosing language schools.
- Popular offline schools were ACET, ILA, and VUS, while popular online options included Tienganh123 and Topica for their costs, native teacher availability, and test preparation courses.
- English schools catered to students and workers and offered both short affordable
Before the late 1800s, most Vietnamese lived in rural villages and practiced wet rice cultivation. Traditional Vietnamese culture was influenced by China, with families emphasizing filial piety and ancestor veneration. However, French colonization introduced Western individualism and gender equality, weakening traditional social structures. After the Vietnam War, the country faced health and environmental issues from Agent Orange as well as land mines, while recent economic reforms have led to increasing social problems like corruption, unemployment, and drug use.
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and dealing with cultural conflicts in the workplace. It addresses how culture shapes our identities and how misunderstandings can arise from differing cultural norms between people. The document provides strategies for reducing uncertainty when communicating with strangers from different cultures, such as passively observing, actively seeking information, or directly interacting with them. It also discusses how to resolve conflicts that arise from cultural differences and ways to prevent discrimination in the workplace.
Đúng như tôi đã nghỉ, mỗi điểm đến nơi đây để lại trong mỗi người chúng tôi những cung bậc cảm xúc khác nhau, lúc thì vui cười hớn hở, cũng có những lúc chúng tôi lắng lòng và suy nghĩ điều gì sẽ đến với chúng tôi sau chuyến đi này, chưa lúc nào chúng tôi cảm thấy quý trọng cái thời gian này, cái lớp gì nhớ lúc nào cũng đùa giỡn, đôi khi làm thầy cô phải buồn lòng, vậy mà giờ đứa nào cũng đã mạnh dạng đứng trên xe thuyết minh, tôi chợt nhận ra rằng thời gian trôi qua quá nhanh, nhanh đến mức chúng tôi không ngờ.
Đây là một chuyến đi mà chắc hẳn sẽ không bao giờ có nữa, sẽ không còn những lúc cùng nhau gắn bó trên một ngôi nhà nhỏ, nhưng kỉ niệm ấy chắc hẵn ai trong mỗi người chúng tôi sẽ luôn giữ mãi cho riêng mình. Đây thật sự là một chuyến đi đầy bổ ích, qua chuyến đi này chúng tôi thấy mình hiểu tính cách của nhau hơn đặc biệt trưởng thành hơn rất nhiều. Đặc biệt là được tham quan một vùng đất mới.
Nâng cao chất lượng dịch vụ ăn uống tại Nhà hàng Gogi House Giang Văn Minhhieu anh
Chính vì lý do đó em xin chọn đề tài nghiên cứu “ Nâng cao chất lượng dịch vụ ăn uống tại Nhà hàng Gogi House Giang Văn Minh ” để nghiên cứu vấn đề tìm ra nguyên nhân cụ thể từ đó đề xuất các biện pháp hữu hiệu và cần thiết trên phương diện thực tiễn từ đó giúp nhà hàng Gogi House Giang Văn Minh nói riêng
This chapter discusses many laws that affect international business and travel. It covers home country laws, host country laws, international laws, contracts, patents, ethics, and travel requirements. Specific regulations and considerations are provided for topics like contracts, technology, employment, and travel to different countries.
This document discusses the key components of intercultural negotiations. It identifies several factors that affect intercultural negotiations, including cultural noise, national culture, power and authority, perception, interpreters, gender, environment, and relationships. It also examines negotiation styles across different cultures like the US, China, Japan, and others. Effective negotiators are described as observant, adaptable, good listeners, and able to ascertain different cultural perspectives.
1) Cultural shock occurs when moving to a culture different from one's home culture and can cause feelings of frustration, homesickness, and irritability.
2) There are typically five stages of cultural shock: excitement, crisis, adjustment, acceptance, and reentry shock upon returning home.
3) Ways to alleviate cultural shock include selecting culturally sensitive overseas personnel, providing cross-cultural training, and developing support systems within the host culture.
The document discusses intercultural negotiation processes. It provides definitions of intercultural negotiation and outlines common steps in the negotiation process including preparation, team selection, relationship building, discussions, and agreement. It also discusses common mistakes in negotiation, models of intercultural negotiation, strategies, and cultural characteristics of negotiating with countries like China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Latin America, Nigeria and trade agreements.
This chapter discusses various topics related to language in intercultural business communication, including high- and low-context languages, language diversity, informal languages, forms of verbal interaction, and translation problems. It provides examples of differences between languages in areas such as vocabulary equivalence, numbers, and linear vs. nonlinear thought. The chapter also includes international examples of language misunderstandings and comparisons of proverbs across cultures.
The document discusses various aspects of oral and nonverbal communication patterns across cultures, including:
1. Thought processes can differ between deductive and inductive reasoning and speed of decision making.
2. Paralanguage refers to vocal qualities like rate, volume, and pitch that vary culturally.
3. Nonverbal communication includes concepts like chronemics (time), proxemics (space), oculesics (eye contact), and others.
4. Cultural attitudes towards areas like time, space, eye contact, touch, and other nonverbal cues can greatly differ between cultures.
This presentation explores the following:
• Define the concept of business etiquette
• Recognize the components of business etiquette
• Realize the importance of appearance, behavior and communication in first impressions
• Understand the value of professional attire
• Recognise the attributes of social networking
• Manage formal dining manners
The document discusses the key characteristics and purpose of an effective vision statement for a business. A vision statement should paint a picture of where the company aims to be in the future, provide strategic guidance to managers, and inspire employees to work towards common goals. It should clearly describe how the company will position itself beyond its current state. Regular communication of the vision is important to gain widespread support across the organization and steer it towards strategic objectives that fulfill the vision.
There is good alignment between what the company says it stands for and what employees actually experience and believe in. Alignment of values helps build trust and commitment.
Principle 2: Distributed Leadership
• Leadership is distributed throughout the organisation rather than concentrated at the top.
This document summarizes key topics in intercultural business communication from Chapter 5 of the textbook "Language Intercultural Business Communication". It discusses high- and low-context cultures and languages, differences in verbal styles across cultures, issues with translation, and tips for effective communication with interpreters. Examples of cultural differences in areas like numbers, proverbs, nonverbal communication, and conversational taboos are provided.
This chapter discusses key concepts related to intercultural communication including globalization, culture, stereotypes, enculturation, ethnocentrism, norms, roles, networks, subcultures, cultural intelligence, communication barriers, and multinational management orientations. It provides definitions of these terms and concepts. It also gives examples of cultural differences and perceptions, as well as stereotypes between cultures.
The document discusses different philosophies and biological evidence regarding human nature. It explains that human nature includes logical characteristics and behaviors that are common to all humans. It also discusses theories that genetics, psychology, birth order, instincts, and hormones can influence human nature. The document concludes that both biological and philosophical evidence support the idea that human nature is an innate attribute that can determine behavior, regardless of environmental influences.
This document provides information about Coca-Cola's operations and marketing strategies in Pakistan. It discusses Coca-Cola's history in Pakistan dating back to 1953. It outlines some of Coca-Cola's major brands available in Pakistan such as Coca-Cola, Fanta, and Sprite. It also discusses Coca-Cola's bottling operations through 12 bottling plants across Pakistan. Coca-Cola employs over 1,800 people in Pakistan and has invested more than $130 million. The document also summarizes some of Coca-Cola's community involvement and sponsorships in Pakistan as well as uncontrollable factors they consider for international marketing.
The document discusses the dowry system as a social evil in India. It provides background on what dowry is, how it has changed from a symbol of love/respect to a social problem. It discusses the nature of the problem, including high numbers of dowry deaths each year despite anti-dowry laws. Causes mentioned include inferior status of women, pressure from traditions/prestige, and lack of education. Effects include deaths, violence, indebtedness, unwanted marriages. Solutions discussed include stronger laws, education, refusal to participate, and mandatory reporting.
This document discusses several social problems including drug addiction, alcoholism, sexually transmitted diseases, juvenile delinquency, and prostitution. It provides details on the behavioral and social factors that contribute to these issues, such as peer pressure, poverty, family dysfunction, and lack of education. The document also outlines government policies and programs aimed at preventing and managing social health problems in India. These include acts related to dowry prohibition, narcotics control, and rehabilitation of vulnerable groups like the handicapped.
The document discusses the typical parts and structure of a report. It outlines the key sections as the title page, table of contents, executive summary, introduction, findings, conclusions, recommendations, bibliography/references, and appendices. It focuses on explaining the introduction section in detail. The introduction typically includes the purpose, background, method of investigation, and scope. It provides examples and emphasizes using the present tense for purpose and past tense for background. The method discusses primary and secondary sources of data.
Cross cultural communication in business worldonlyvvek
1) Avon does business in over 100 countries and engaging in dialogue with women from diverse cultures helps them meet the beauty and lifestyle needs of their 5 million sales representatives and 300 million customers.
2) Cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings in international business communications but being aware of different cultural norms, gestures, and language differences can help avoid problems.
3) Developing cross-cultural communication skills is important for international businesses to promote understanding between people from different cultures and backgrounds.
The document summarizes cultural differences that can create barriers in the workplace. It discusses how ethnicity, gender, and age can impact perceptions and decision making. It also outlines some common cultural barriers like ethnocentrism, stereotypes, and differences in language and nonverbal communication. The document provides examples of how behaviors and symbols can be interpreted differently across cultures. It concludes with some solutions to cultural barriers like learning about other cultures, accommodating differences, and diversity training.
Business and Social Customs Objectives Upon completion of th.pdfjaipur2
Business and Social Customs Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will learn
customary verbal expressions of persons of various countries. understand the importance of a
knowledge of male/female relationships and workplace equality to successful intercultural
communication. learn the roles that humor, superstition, and taboos play in understanding persons
of other cultures. understand the role that dress and appearance play in interacting with persons
from other countries. learn the importance of knowing about the customs associated with holidays
and holy days of the country in which you are traveling or conducting business. understand that
office customs vary from culture to culture. understand the importance of appropriate
demeanor/behavior in intercultural encounters. recognize that bribery is culturally relative and
plays an unofficial role in doing business in many cultures. recognize special food and meal
customs considered typical of various cultures and how to show respect for consumption taboos of
other countries. ustoms are behaviors generally expected in specific situations and are
cstablished, socially acceptable ways of behaving in given circumstances. Customs vary not only
by country but also by regions or locations within a country. For example, in the United States,
customs differ along north-south lines and urban-rural lines. In addition, religious backgrounds and
ethnic identities account for differences in customs. People of the United States have customary
behaviors associated with certain holidays, such as eating turkey on Thanksgiving, giving gifts at
Christmas, and staying up until midnightChapter 9 - Business and Social Customs on New Year's
Eve. Other customary behaviors are associated with greetings and verbal expressions,
male/female relationships, dress and appearance, use of humor, belief in superstitions, and
special foods and consumption taboos. Although it is impossible to identify all customs of a
particular culture, certain customs are important to conducting business interculturally. Learning
the customs of the country with whom you plan to do business shows respect and conveys a
sincere commitment to developing a successful business relationship. (Stoller, 2007) VERBAL
EXPRESSIONS Although you are not expected to learn the language of every country with whom
you may conduct business, if you plan an extended relationship with a particular culture, learning
to speak the language (especially commonly used expressions) is important because you may
have to communicate with persons who do not speak your language. Make an effort to learn to
say such basic expressions as "pleasc" and "thank you," greetings, and other terms commonly
used by people in the culture. Examples of such terms in French, German, and Spanish are Histed
in Table 9-1. In addition to leaming these expressions, knowing other verbal expressions
customarily used in a culture is useful. In the United States, people often respond to someon.
The document presents a model called CLANS that describes 5 sociological groups that exist in Miami: Cosmopolitans, Latinos, Anglos, Nomads, and Strangers. It provides brief descriptions of each group's demographics, language abilities, education levels, cultural perspectives, and work styles. The author argues that recognizing these differences is important for human resources professionals in Miami when recruiting, assessing contributions, and maximizing diversity within organizations. The ultimate challenge is to communicate, clarify, and focus on shared values while avoiding identification with any single group.
The document presents a model called CLANS that describes 5 sociological groups that exist in Miami: Cosmopolitans, Latinos, Anglos, Nomads, and Strangers. It provides brief descriptions of each group's demographics, language abilities, education levels, cultural perspectives, and work styles. The author argues that recognizing these differences is important for human resources professionals in Miami when recruiting, assessing contributions, and maximizing diversity within organizations. The ultimate challenge is to communicate, clarify, and focus on shared values while avoiding identification with any single group.
This document provides an overview of communication styles and practices in the United States. It discusses American English accents and dialects, the value placed on direct communication, forms of address and titles, body language norms, workplace communication etiquette including email and instant messaging styles, tips for international colleagues, common slang terms, conversation starters, networking, negotiations, gift-giving customs, and an anecdote about a Halloween experience. The document aims to educate non-US professionals about cultural differences in communication.
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and provides tips for improving intercultural communication skills. It defines culture and explains that culture influences how people communicate both verbally and non-verbally. Key differences in communication styles, norms, and meanings across cultures are outlined. The document recommends developing skills like respecting differences, building trust, understanding body language cues, and carefully choosing conversation topics when interacting with people from other cultures. Mastering cross-cultural communication is important for success in an increasingly globalized world.
The document discusses key concepts in intercultural business communication including globalization, culture, stereotypes, enculturation, ethnocentrism, communication barriers, and multinational management orientations. It provides examples of cultural differences that can lead to miscommunication and defines important terms. The document also examines dimensions of culture, perceptions, norms, roles, acculturation, cultural intelligence, and mindsets that influence intercultural interactions.
This document discusses cultural differences in politeness and how they can lead to misunderstandings. It provides examples of how behaviors considered polite in one culture may be inappropriate or rude in another culture due to differing social norms and values. Directly translating speech patterns without understanding these cultural contexts can damage relationships. The document advocates having an open mind about cultural variations in politeness to avoid misjudging others and eliminating cross-cultural misunderstandings.
Cross-cultural communication during international negotiations can be challenging due to differences in communication styles across cultures. Communication styles exist on a spectrum from low context to high context. Low context cultures like the US communicate directly, while high context cultures like Japan rely more on implicit communication and personal relationships. Non-verbal communication also varies significantly between cultures in terms of proxemics, haptics, and vocalics. To communicate effectively across cultures, it is important to understand these differences and be aware of one's own communication tendencies.
Cultural Study:Nonverbal Communication & Gestureslilyserrano
This document provides information about nonverbal communication and gestures from different cultures around the world. It discusses aspects of nonverbal communication like gestures, eye contact, and body language in countries such as the US, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, and Japan. It also suggests how these cultural studies could be used in a unit plan to deepen students' understanding of communication in other parts of the world.
This document provides information about nonverbal communication and gestures from different cultures around the world. It discusses aspects of nonverbal communication like gestures, eye contact, and body language in countries such as the US, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, and Japan. It also suggests how these cultural studies can be incorporated into a unit plan on nonverbal communication and respect between cultures.
Social and cultural Environment - International Business - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
The socio-cultural fabric is an important environmental factor that should be analysed while formulating business strategies. The cost of ignoring the customs, traditions, taboos, tastes and preferences, etc., of people could be very high.
Cross-cultural communication and developing global competence are important for businesses operating internationally. The document discusses several key aspects of cross-cultural communication including nonverbal communication cues that vary across cultures like personal space, eye contact, gestures, and attitudes toward time. It also introduces Hofstede's cultural dimensions model and discusses the importance of understanding different cultural perspectives to communicate effectively with diverse audiences around the world and take appropriate actions. Developing global competence involves understanding other cultures through interdisciplinary study, recognizing different perspectives, and effectively communicating and taking action on global issues.
This document contains 10 multiple choice questions about cultural practices and norms in different countries. The questions cover topics such as how Americans approach arguments, the importance of "face" in China, typical negotiating tactics of Germans, gift giving customs in Columbia, the role of rumors in Spain, the percentage of women on executive boards in various countries, and etiquette practices in Japan, the Arab world, and Spain. The document is a quiz that tests knowledge of intercultural communication and business norms across societies.
Cross-cultural communication is important for business opportunities, job opportunities, and improving diversity in the workplace. Culture influences how people communicate both verbally and non-verbally. There are differences in communication styles, conflict resolution, and decision-making across cultures due to underlying beliefs, values, and expectations. Barriers to cross-cultural communication include ethnocentrism, discrimination, stereotyping, and cultural blindness or imposition. Skills like understanding body language, appropriate business attire, selecting gifts, and welcoming or avoiding certain conversation topics can help improve cross-cultural interactions.
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and its importance in business. It defines cross-cultural communication as communication between people from different cultural backgrounds. Managing a diverse workforce requires effective cross-cultural communication to retain staff, increase productivity, resolve conflicts, and improve team management. As the workforce becomes more globalized and multicultural, developing skills like cultural awareness, building trust across cultures, and connecting with people from different backgrounds is important for business success. Misunderstandings can easily arise from cultural differences in areas like language, non-verbal communication, and gift-giving etiquette.
English and Social Responsibility: Building that BridgeElisabeth Chan
This document discusses a study on international students' perceptions of race, language, culture and discrimination in the United States. It finds that many students came with negative views of Americans' knowledge and opinions of their home countries and cultures, which often changed positively after studying in the US. However, most students had little awareness of racism and discrimination in America before arriving. The study shows non-white students reported far higher rates of experiencing racial, linguistic and cultural discrimination than white students. It discusses the importance of addressing issues of diversity, inclusion and social justice in education to improve students' experiences and success.
The document provides information about Dominican immigrants in the United States, including their history of migration beginning in the late 19th century, with larger numbers arriving in the 1960s after the death of dictator Rafael Trujillo. It discusses their settlement patterns, with largest populations in New Jersey, Florida, New York, and Pennsylvania. Family dynamics typically involve a family member migrating first, with others joining later. It also outlines some cultural aspects like their Spanish language, religious practices combining Catholicism and Santeria, traditional gender roles, and strong attachment to their homeland identity. Educational challenges for Dominican youth and best instructional practices for teachers are also addressed.
Inb220 tt week 6 ch 10 business and social customsBhupesh Shah
This document provides information on various business customs around the world. It discusses greetings and handshakes, verbal expressions, relationships between males and females, humor in business, superstitions, dress codes, office customs, and behaviors in different cultures. It also touches on topics like bribery, holidays, and foods. The overall message is that customs vary significantly between cultures and it is important to be aware of these differences when conducting international business.
The document discusses several examples of how cultural differences can impact business if not properly understood or considered. It provides examples of companies that encountered issues by failing to account for cultural norms in areas like product names, marketing images, and business practices in other countries. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding differences in areas like communication style, etiquette, work-life balance, and gender relations to avoid missteps when conducting business globally.
Similar to Business and Social Customs: Chapter 9 (20)
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Business and Social Customs: Chapter 9
1. Chapter 9
Business and Social
Customs
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
2. Topics
• Greeting and Handshaking Customs
• Verbal Expressions
• Male and Female Relationships/Workplace Equality
• Humor in Business
• Superstitions and Taboos
• Dress and Appearance
• Customs Associated with Holidays and Holy Days
• Office Customs and Practices
• Customary Demeanor/Behavior
• Bribery
• Special Foods and Consumption Taboos
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
3. Customs
• Customs are behaviors generally
expected in specific situations; they are
established, socially acceptable ways of
behaving in given circumstances.
• Examples of U.S. customs include eating
turkey on Thanksgiving and starting
presentations with a joke.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
4. Greeting and Handshaking
Customs
• U.S. persons are informal in their greetings, often
saying “Hi” to complete strangers.
• U.S. greeting behavior is ritualistic; upon arriving at
work, one person says: “Good morning, how are
you?” to which the other person responds: “Fine,
thank you, and how are you?”
• Embracing is inappropriate as a form of greeting in
the U.S., but in Latin America people embrace after a
handshake.
• Bowing is the customary form of greeting in Japan.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
5. Handshakes
•U.S. •Firm
•Asians •Gentle (except for Koreans who
have a firm handshake)
•British • Soft
•French • Light and quick; repeated upon
arrival and departure
•Germans • Firm; repeated upon arrival
and departure
•Hispanics • Moderate grasp; repeated
frequently
•Middle Easterners • Gentle; repeated frequently
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
6. Verbal Expressions
Learn phrases in the country’s language:
• Hello
• Goodbye
• Please
• I’m sorry
• I am having a great time
• Thank you so much
• No, thank you
• This is such a delightful country
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
7. Verbal Expressions
• In the U.S. people often respond to
someone with a one-word reply: “sure,”
“okay,” and “nope.” Such brevity seems
blunt by foreign standards; it is simply an
indication of the informality typical of U.S.
persons.
• People in the Southern U.S. will often say
“Y’all come to see us” when bidding
someone goodbye. The expected reply is
“Thanks! Y’all come to see us, too.” This
verbal exchange is only a friendly ritual.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
8. Verbal Expressions
• “Don’t mention it” and “Think nothing
of it,” in response to a courtesy or
favor, are viewed by persons of other
cultures as rude. When being thanked
for a courtesy, a response of “You are
welcome” is preferable.
• “What’s up?” and “How’s it going?”
make no sense to persons for whom
English is a second language.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
9. Verbal Expressions
A newcomer to the U.S. did not accept a job
on the “graveyard shift” since he thought he
would be working in a cemetery.
Dresser, Multicultural Manners
10. Verbal Expressions - Chitchat
• Chitchat (small talk or light
conversation) is important in getting to
know someone.
• Chitchat often includes comments
about the weather, the physical
surroundings, the day’s news or almost
anything of a nonsubstantive nature.
• People of the U.S. excel at small talk;
so do Canadians, Australians, the
British, and the French. Chaney & Martin
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed.,
11. Verbal Expressions - Chitchat
• Small talk seems to pose problems
for people of some cultures.
Germans, for example, simply do not
believe in it. Swedes, usually fluent in
English, have little to say in addition
to talking about their jobs. The
Japanese are frightened by the idea
of small talk as are people of Finland,
who actually buy books on the art of
small talk.Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
Intercultural
12. Verbal Expressions - Chitchat
• When engaging in chitchat with
someone of another culture, the
best advice is probably to follow the
other person’s lead. If they talk
about their family, then you would
talk about yours. If they initiate
political discussions, you would join
in the discourse.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
13. Male and Female Relationships
• In high-context societies, such as the
Arab culture, people have definite
ideas on what constitutes proper
behavior between males and females.
• In low-context cultures, such as the
U.S., little agreement exists. Thus,
both people of the U.S. and visitors
from other cultures have difficulty
knowing how to proceed in male-
female relationships in the U.S. since a
wide range of behaviors may be
observed. Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
Intercultural
14. Male and Female Relationships
• Acceptable male/female relationships in any
culture involve stereotypes.
• A stereotype of U.S. women is that they are
domineering and “loose” (have no inhibitions
regarding sexual relationships with a variety of
men). Correspondingly, American men are
viewed as weak who permit women to
dominate them.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
15. Male and Female Relationships
• Stereotypes of women in other cultures
include that Asian women are nonassertive
and submissive.
• A stereotype of Latin American males is that
they are predatory and constantly pursue
women for sexual relationships.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
16. “One tall and handsome Middle Eastern graduate
student said he had come to the States with the notion
that women were readily available for sexual
activities with people such as himself. Everything
that happened to him during his first two years in the
States confirmed his opinion. After about two years,
though, he began to realize that the women who were
so readily available were not representative of the
whole society. They were a certain type of person -
insecure, socially marginal, apparently unable to find
satisfactory relationships with American men, so they
turned to foreign students.”
Althen, American Ways
17. Male and Female Relationships
• Some U.S. men feel threatened by the more
assertive roles many women are assuming.
However, most people accept the fact that men
and women can work side by side in the
workplace and that they can have a friendship
which does not have a sexual component.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
18. Workplace Equality
• In Mexico, treatment of men and women in the
workplace differs substantially from that of the
U.S. Male supervisors customarily kiss their
female secretaries on the cheek each morning or
embrace them.
• Despite this custom, seen as undue familiarity by
U.S. managers, problems with sexual harassment
and gender discrimination are uncommon
according to Mexican managers. (However, U.S.
managers interviewed reported the opposite.)
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
19. Humor in Business
• Using humorous anecdotes is a way of
breaking the ice and establishing a relaxed
atmosphere prior to getting down to business in
international meetings.
• In the U.S., presentations are often started with
a joke or cartoon related to the topic.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
20. Humor in Business
• Most European countries also use humor
during business meetings.
• Asian humor finds little merit in jokes about sex,
religion, or minorities; they take what is said
quite literally and do not understand American
humor.
• Germans, too, find humor out of place during
business meetings.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
21. Humor in Business
• Perhaps jokes should be avoided
around persons of diverse cultures;
American humor is hard to export and
appreciate.
• Even though the intention of humor
was to put your international
colleagues at ease and create a more
relaxed environment, the risk of
offending someone of another culture,
or of telling a story that no one
understands, is great.
• In short, we do not all laugh at the
same thing.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
22. A New York businessman, who frequently traveled to Japan on
business, often used a translator for his speeches. After one such
speech, he learned that the Japanese interpreter’s version of his
opening remarks went like this:
“American businessman is beginning speech with thing called
joke. I am not sure why, but all American businessmen believe it
necessary to start speech with joke. (Pause) He is telling joke
now but frankly you would not understand joke so I will not
translate it. He thinks I am telling you joke now. Polite thing to
do when he finishes is to laugh. (Pause) He is getting close.
(Pause) Now!”
The audience not only laughed appreciatively but stood and
applauded as well. Later he commented to the translator: “I’ve
been giving speeches in this country for several years, and you
are the first translator who knows how to tell a good joke.”
Axtell, Do's and Taboos of Hosting International Visitors
23. Superstitions and Taboos
• Superstitions are beliefs that are
inconsistent with the known laws of
science or what a society considers
true and rational.
• Examples of superstitions include a
belief that special charms, omens,
or rituals have supernatural
powers.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
24. Superstitions
• Superstitions, which are treated rather casually
in Europe and North America, are taken quite
seriously in other cultures.
• In parts of Asia, fortune telling and palmistry
are considered influential in the lives and
business dealings of the people.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
25. Superstitions
• In many cultures, bad luck and even death
are associated with certain numbers.
• People of the U.S. think that 13 is an unlucky
number.
– Most American hotels do not have a
thirteenth floor, and even a hotel number
ending in 13 may be refused.
– Friday the thirteenth is perceived as an
unlucky day. Many U.S. persons will not
schedule important events, such as
weddings or major surgery, on this day.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
26. Superstitions
• The Chinese, who also believe that good luck
or bad is associated with certain numbers, feel
that four is the most negative number, because
it sounds like the word for death.
– Hotels in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan often
have no fourth floor.
– Some Asian airports have no Gate 4.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
27. Superstitions
• Conversely, according to Chinese
beliefs, some numbers have positive
meanings. For example, the number
six represents happiness and nine
represents long life.
• The numbers of people in a
photograph will also have
significance. Many Chinese people
believe that having three people in a
photograph will result in dire
consequences, that the middle
person will die.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
28. Superstitions
Superstitions held by persons in some cultures include:
– What happens on New Year’s Day foretells what will
happen for the entire year.
– Attaching old shoes to the car of newlyweds assures
fertility.
– Walking under a ladder will bring bad luck as will
breaking a mirror.
– Giving too much attention to a newborn would place
the child in jeopardy; the evil spirits will harm the baby
if it receives too much attention.
– Putting your purse on the floor will result in your
money running away.
Bosrock, Put Your Best Foot Forward
29. Taboos
• Taboos are practices or verbal
expressions considered by a
society or culture as improper or
unacceptable.
• Taboos are rooted in the beliefs of
the people of a specific region or
culture and are passed down from
generation to generation.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
30. Taboos
• In Arab countries, it is considered
taboo to ask about the health of a
man’s wife.
• In Taiwan, messages should not be
written in red ink, as this has death
connotations.
• Writing a person’s name in red also
has negative associations in Korea,
parts of Mexico, and among some
Chinese.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
31. An American English teacher made comments
and constructive criticisms in red ink on her
students’ papers. While U.S. students were
accustomed to this practice, her Korean
students were not. These red-inked notes sent
shock waves through the families of Korean
students, who associated red ink with death.
When the families told the principal of this
taboo, he asked all teachers to refrain from
using red ink on any student’s paper. They
changed to other colors.
Dresser, Multicultural Manners
32. Dress and Appearance
The general rule everywhere is that
for business you should be
“Buttoned up”: conservative suit
and tie for men, dress or skirted
suit for women.
Axtell, Do's and Taboos Around the World
33. Cultural Differences in
Dress and Appearance
• In Canada, people dress more
conservatively and formally than people in
the U.S.
• In Europe, business dress is very formal;
coats and ties are required, and jackets stay
on at all times.
• In Japan, dress is also formal. Women
dress very conservatively and wear muted
colors to the office. Casual attire is usually
inappropriate.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
34. • In the Philippines, men wear the barong,
a loose, white or cream-colored shirt with
tails out, no jacket or tie.
• In Saudi Arabia, the traditional Arabic
white, flowing robe and headcloth may
be worn. However, U.S. persons should
not attempt to dress in a like manner.
• Color of clothing is an important
consideration. Do not wear black,
purple, or solid white in Thailand. Avoid
wearing all white in the People’s
Republic of China as white is the symbol
of mourning.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
35. • Shoes are considered inappropriate in certain
situations in various cultures. They should not be
worn within Muslim mosques and Buddhist temples.
Shoes should be removed when in a Japanese
home. In the Arab culture, the soles of your feet
should not be shown.
• Women should be especially careful to conform to
local customs. In Arab countries, women should
avoid wearing pants and should wear clothes that
give good coverage. In Europe, women do not wear
pants to the office or to nice restaurants.
• As a general rule for business, dress conservatively.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
36. Business Casual Dress
• Business dress in U.S. firms became increasingly
casual in the 1990’s, but the trend appears to be
over.
• Casual attire is the norm in such countries as the
Philippines and Indonesia where shirts are worn
without ties or jackets.
• Sweden has the greatest percentage of companies
with casual dress policies while England has the
smallest percent.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
37. At a Washington firm, a group of
Japanese businessmen who came for a
meeting on a Friday found a room full
of casually dressed people. They made
a hasty retreat, believing they had the
wrong office.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
38. Holidays and Holy Days
That May Affect Business
•U.S. •Canada
–Christmas Day –Canada Day
–Thanksgiving –Labor Day
–Independence Day –All Saints Day
(July 4) –Christmas Day
–New Year's Day –Boxing Day
–Sunday
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
39. •France •Germany
–Mardi Gras –Good Friday
–Liberation Day –Ascension
–Ascension –Whit Monday
–Bastille Day –Day of German
–World War I Unity
Armistice Day –Day of Prayer
and
Repentance
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
40. •England •Mexico
–May Day –St. Anthony's Day
–Easter Sunday and Monday –Carnival Week
–Spring Bank Holiday –Birthday of Benito Juarez
–Summer Bank Holiday –Cinco de Mayo
–Late Summer Holiday –Corpus Christi
–Christmas –Columbus Day
–Boxing Day –Day of the Virgin
•Japan Guadalupe
–Coming of Age Day
–National Foundation Day
–Vernal Equinox
–Greenery Day
–Children's Day
–Respect for the Aged Day
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
41. •The Netherlands •South Korea
–Queen Beatrix’s –The New Year
Birthday –The Lunar New Year
–Liberation Day –Independence Day
–Christmas –Buddha’s Birthday
–New Year’s Day –Memorial Day
–Constitution Day
–Liberation Day
–Harvest Moon Festival
–National Foundation
Day
–Christmas
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
42. •Taiwan •China
–Founding Day –New Year’s Day
–Chinese Lunar New Year –Chinese Lunar New Year
–Birthday of Confucius and Spring Festival
–Double Ten National Day –International Working
–Taiwan Restoration Day Woman’s Day
–Constitution Day –Labor Day
–Youth Day
–Children’s Day
–Founding of the
Communist Party of China
–People’s Liberation Army
Day
–National Day
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
43. Office Customs and Practices
• Usual hours of work in U. S. offices are 9 to
5.
• In Iran, business hours are from 9:30 a.m. to
1 p.m. and 2 to 5 p.m., Monday through
Friday.
• In some South American countries, such as
Brazil and Colombia, the work week is 8 a.m.
to 6 p.m., Monday through Friday (12 noon
to 2 p.m. lunch).
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
44. Office Customs and Practices
• Peru has one of the longest workweeks in the
world: 48 hours with businesses open at least six
days a week.
• The lunch period in U.S. firms varies from 30
minutes to an hour; break times are usually one
15-minute period in the morning and a second 15-
minute period in the afternoon.
• Europeans have a 1 - to 1 1/2 - hour lunch break,
20 minute morning and afternoon breaks (often
including beer or wine) and 15 minutes at the end
of the workday for cleanup time.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
45. Office Customs and Practices
• Hiring and firing practices vary according to
the culture.
• In the U.S. hiring and firing are based on job
effectiveness and job performance; no job is
permanent.
• In Europe everyone in the firm has a contract
that virtually guarantees permanent
employment regardless of the financial
condition of the company.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
46. Office Customs and Practices
• Likewise, in such countries as Japan,
employees consider their jobs to be
permanent.
• Employees who are dismissed receive
generous severance pay by U.S. standards.
• The degree of formality or informality found
in U.S. offices varies; in major
corporations, more formality often exists
than in small companies in rural areas.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
47. U.S. Demeanor/Behavior
• Be punctual. Most persons in the U.S.
will feel offended if you are more than
10 minutes late.
• If you agree to meet someone, keep the
appointment.
• Treat females with the same respect
given males.
• Treat clerks, waiters, secretaries, taxi
drivers with the same courtesy you
would show someone of rank and
position.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
48. • When talking, keep an arm’s length
away. U.S. persons do not like for
people to get too close.
• Avoid bowing and other behavior that
is intended to display respect as most
Americans are most uncomfortable
with such displays.
• Do not speak loudly in public places
except at sports events and similar
outdoor events.
• Keep to the right when walking in
malls or on the street.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
49. • Do not touch other people in public.
(Pushing your way through a crowd is
considered quite rude.)
• Wait your turn when standing in line at
the post office, bank, or theatre. Give
priority to the first person who arrives
(rather than to people who are older
or wealthier).
• Do not block traffic; do not block
someone’s view at a ballgame or
other public events.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
50. • Be considerate of nonsmokers; many
buildings in the U.S. are smoke free.
• The U.S. is a "do-it-yourself' country; no
social stigma is attached to doing one's own
daily chores, no matter how menial.
• U.S. persons have certain customs
surrounding special holidays: Staying up
until midnight on New Year's Eve; having
turkey and pumpkin pie on Thanksgiving.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
51. Bribery
• Bribery is the giving or promising of
something, often money, to influence
another person’s actions.
• While bribery is not officially sanctioned
or condoned in any country, it is
unofficially a part of business in many
cultures and is considered neither
unethical nor immoral in a number of
countries. In Nigeria, for example, one
must pay the customs agents to leave the
airport, while in Thailand and Indonesia
getting a driver’s licenseed., Chaney & Martin giving
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th
involves
52. Bribery
• The U.S. has the most restrictive laws
against bribery in the world. Companies
found guilty of paying bribes to foreign
officials can be fined up to $1 million, and
guilty employees may be fined up to
$10,000.
• Many U.S. competitors, including Italian,
German, and Japanese firms, not only
use bribery in international transactions
but may deduct the amount of the bribe on
their taxes as a necessary business
expense.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
53. Bribery
• As business becomes more globalized,
different perceptions exist regarding the
appropriateness of certain incentives.
• What is perceived as bribery is culturally
relative just as a person’s conscience
can become “culturally conditioned.”
• What is considered a tip (to ensure
promptness) in one culture is considered
illegal in another.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
54. Bribery
• Professional go-betweens are
sometimes hired to assure that the
proper persons are tipped to avoid
delays in approvals and delivery.
People of the U.S. cannot, of course,
be involved in paying these
commissions; this responsibility would
be left with the local joint-venture
partner or distributor.
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
55. Unusual Foods
• U.S. - corn-on-the-cob, grits,
popcorn, marshmallows,
crawfish
• South Korea - dog meat
• Saudi Arabia - sheep's eyeballs
• Mexico - chicken's feet in chicken
soup
• China - duck's feet
• Russia - Danish pastry stuffed
with raw cabbage
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin
56. More Business
Travelers are Going Global
Master of five languages, Patrick
Larbuisson eats sheep intestines to
help grease business deals in Saudi
Arabia. He swallows with a smile but
is "sick like hell the next day." (At
least he knew the rule to follow: eat
what you are offered.)
Jones, USA Today
57. Consumption Taboos
• U.S. - horse meat, dog meat
• Strict Muslims - pork and alcohol
• Orthodox Jews - pork, shellfish, meat
and milk together
• Hindus - beef
Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed., Chaney & Martin