The document outlines 10 strategies for building students' critical thinking skills: 1) Socratic seminars, where students discuss texts and respond to each other with teacher facilitation; 2) Simulations that require students to make decisions from a first-hand perspective; 3) Encouraging creativity by allowing student-directed work; 4) Using depth and complexity icons to stimulate analysis; 5) Comparing and contrasting concepts; 6) Literature circles where students discuss books they chose; 7) Debates that require persuasive arguments and rebuttals; 8) Instant challenges that require quick, creative problem-solving; 9) Open-ended questioning to foster higher-level thinking; and 10) Reciprocal teaching where students take turns leading

1. Top 10 Strategies for Building Students’ Critical Thinking
By Christi Wilson (source: http://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/critical-thinking-higher-level-instructional-strategies.shtml)
According to the Critical Thinking Community, critical thinking includes both information processing skills (how information is sought and
treated) and the habit of using those skills to make real-world decisions.
Community Toolbox contributor Phil Rabinowitz explains that critical thinking is an essential skill for 21st-century citizens, since it involves
analyzing, questioning and challenging situations, issues and information of all kinds. We use critical thinking when we raise questions about
survey results, theories, media stories, scientific research, political statements and conventional wisdom.
So how do we build these important abilities in students? The following 10 teaching strategies encourage young people to strengthen their
critical thinking skills. These techniques can change classroom dynamics and have a profound impact on learning. Try them and watch your
students come alive!
1. Socratic Seminars: Socratic seminars are wonderful tools for facilitating in-depth student conversations
based on a given text. Students are asked to read and respond to a text assigned
by the teacher and then prepare themselves for class discussion. Students are
expected to listen to and respond to their peers, and each student participates in
the conversation while the teacher facilitates discussion and remains neutral.
2. Simulations: To encourage more critical thinking, give students opportunities to participate in
simulations. Specific areas of study come to life, and students will have to make
decisions as if they are experiencing events firsthand. Simulations can have a
lasting positive impact on content retention.
3. Encouraging Creativity: Rather than providing detailed directions for students to complete an activity,
simple make available any necessary materials, then step back and allow kids to
use their creativity. Teachers might be surprised at the quality of work that
students can produce when they control their own learning.
4. Depth and Complexity Icons: Sandra Kaplan introduced 11 depth and complexity icons, including big
idea, details, ethics, unanswered questions, rules, patterns, trends and the
language of the discipline. These icons help stimulate in-depth analysis. Use them
across grade levels to help students think critically about any subject. Read more
at Byrdseed, a site for gifted education.
5. Compare and Contrast: As part of everyday instruction, encourage students to compare and contrast
concepts, living things and objects. Anything—from fictional characters to animals
to countries to world religions—is fair game. Comparison Charts and Venn
Diagrams help assess this type of thinking.
6. Literature Circles: Allowing students to select books can lead to great classroom discussion. When
discussing the text with others, young people are motivated to delve deeper and
think critically about issues they may not have considered on their own.
7. Debates: Debates sharpen students’ ability to persuade an audience regarding a given stance on a
topic. Kids must be prepared for rebuttal, which means they’re always “thinking on
their feet.” Debates force students not only to think critically, but to listen carefully
and speak articulately.
8. Instant Challenges: Instant challenges are an excellent way to begin the school day, as students will
need to think critically and express their creativity under pressure. Working as a
group, students must complete a challenge within a short amount of time, then
present their work to the class, which judges their performance. Small groups get
basic task parameters, but not specific instructions on how to complete their
challenge.
9. Open-Ended Questioning: Students are accustomed to hearing questions that have only one possible
answer. Asking students open-ended questions will enable them to think at a
higher level and should also foster more intriguing conversation. Paula Denton
describes this technique.
10. Reciprocal Teaching: Try this strategy during language arts instruction. Break students into small
groups of four, where each has a role as a summarizer, question generator,
clarifier or predictor. Students will also take turns as the guide. The purpose of
reciprocal teaching is encouraging students to participate in discussion and think
deeply about what they are reading.