The document outlines the fundamental concepts of object-oriented technology, including abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, and hierarchy. Abstraction focuses on presenting relevant data while hiding unnecessary details, encapsulation restricts external access to implementation details, and modularity breaks complex systems into manageable parts. The hierarchy explains the relationship in inheritance, exemplified by class derivations like a rose being a flower.

1. Building Blocks of
Object Oriented
Technology
By: Kahf Ul Huda

2. Building Blocks
Abstraction
Encapsulation
Modularity
Hierarchy

3. Abstraction
 Abstraction is selecting data from a larger pool to show
only the relevant details of the object to the user.
 Shows only the essential attributes
 Hides unnecessary information.
 reduce programming complexity and effort.

4. Example
Essential
Roll-No
Name
Class
Student
Not-Essential
Height
Weight
Shoe size

5. Encapsulation
 Hides implementation.
 Restricts external entities to the interface.
 Binds both attributes and methods together within one
class.

6. Modularity
 Modularity means breaking up something complex into
manageable units.
 Modularity helps you to understand the complex systems.
 Diagram:

7. Hierarchy
 “IS–A” hierarchy −
 It defines the hierarchical relationship in inheritance,
whereby from a super-class, a number of subclasses may
be derived which may again have subclasses and so on.
 For example, if we derive a class Rose from a class Flower,
we can say that a rose “is–a” flower