The document discusses research on build waiting time in continuous integration. It presents three research questions about how build waiting time affects developers, what is an optimal waiting time, and what can be learned from other contexts about waiting time effects. The document outlines literature reviews conducted on continuous integration, services, web use, and computer use to understand waiting time impacts and inform answers to the research questions.

1. Build waiting time in
continuous integration
Eero Laukkanen
Mika Mäntylä

2. FAIL
developer
CI server
build waiting time
feedback
developer
developer

3. 92% test coverage
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?
?
? ?
?
? ? ?
?
?
build waiting time
optimal waiting time
CI context
other contexts
effects

4. Research questions
1. How build waiting time affects developers in
continuous integration practice?
2. What is an optimal waiting time in such practice?
3. What can be learned from other waiting time
research to understand the effects of build waiting
time?
First literature review
Second literature review

5. First literature review
Google Scholar & Scopus
“continuous integration” AND
(“build time” OR “build length”)
Scopus: 2 articles
Scholar: 1 relevant article
Total: 3 articles

6. Second literature review
Google Scholar
1. unsystematic searches to find waiting time contexts
-> three contexts: services, web use, computer use
2. forward snowballing to find latest literature reviews
-> found a newer source for computer use
Total: 3 articles

7. ?
FAIL
CI specific cognitive emotional
1. How build waiting time affects developers in continuous
integration practice?

8. FAIL
CI specific
…increases
commit size
…decreases
commit frequency
…increases
build down time
…increases
integration effort
Longer build waiting time…

9. cognitive
…breaks
development flow
…delays
feedback
Longer build waiting time…

10. emotional
…decreases
developer satisfaction
…decreases
team discipline
Longer build waiting time…

11. ?
2 minutes J
2-10 minutes K
10+ minutes L
2. What is an optimal waiting time in such practice?

12. ?
?
?
?
?
?
3. What can be learned from other waiting time research to
understand the effects of build waiting time?
service use
web use computer use

13. service use
…can be perceived as shorter
by modifying
the service environment
…decreases
customer satisfaction
Longer service waiting time…

14. web use
…decreases
user satisfaction
…breaks
flow of thought
…interferes
short-term memory
Longer page
waiting time…
…can be perceived
as shorter by
providing feedback

15. computer use
…can be
tolerated on
specific tasks
… causes
measurable
stress, anxiety
… causes
anger, frustration,
annoyance
Longer delays
when using
computer…

17. FAIL
2 minutes J

18. Baker, J., & Cameron, M. (1996). The effects of the service environment on
affect and consumer perception of waiting time: an integrative review and
research propositions. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24(4),
338–349.
Brooks, G. (2008). Team Pace – Keeping Build Times Down. In Proceedings of
the Agile 2008 (pp. 294–297). Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society.
Dabrowski, J., & Munson, E. V. (2011). 40 years of searching for the best
computer system response time. Interacting with Computers, 23(5), 555–564.
Nah, F. F.-H. (2004). A study on tolerable waiting time: how long are web
users willing to wait? Behaviour & Information Technology, 23(3), 153–163.
Rasmusson, J. (2004). Long Build Trouble Shooting Guide. In C. Zannier, H.
Erdogmus, & L. Lindstrom (Eds.), Extreme Programming and Agile Methods -
XP/Agile Universe 2004 (pp. 13–21). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Rogers, R. O. (2004). Scaling continuous integration. Extreme Programming
and Agile Processes in Software Engineering, Proceedings, 3092, 68–76.