The purpose of this study is to describe the behavior as one form of political economy in
Indonesia. The study further analyzes the potential for budgetary behavior associated with corruption. The
analysis basically focuses on analytical descriptive analysis. Using such methods, it can provide information
about the relationship between political economy, budgetary behavior, and relations with corruption in
Indonesia. The conclusion of the study is that the Indonesian economy is strongly influenced by political
circumstances and forces. With the curr
Local Government Reforms as Instrument for National Development in Nigeriaijtsrd
The study examined local government reforms as instrument for national development in Nigeria using qualitative data that rely on content analysis of extant literature that supports the aim of establishing and reforming the local government as the third tier of government to act as a veritable instrument for national development in Nigeria. However, available empirical literature has argued that despite the important role of local government as the third tier of government and an instrument of development, there is a glaring evidence of serious inadequacies. They posits that the current state of Local Government in Nigeria is characterized by unbridled interference of the State Government which is quite dismal largely due to poor management of resources, lack of autonomy, inadequate local leadership among others. Thus, to realize fully the intended development using Local governments as instrument, Local governments should be democratized and adequate measures provided to check the siphoning tendencies of its managements. Ezeozue, Chidozie "Local Government Reforms as Instrument for National Development in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30331.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/30331/local-government-reforms-as-instrument-for-national-development-in-nigeria/ezeozue-chidozie
Local Government System After the Implementation of Law No.
22 of 1999
Indonesian Scientific Meeting 2003 in Central Japan
December 20, 2003, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Japan
Tri Widodo W. Utomo
Department of International Cooperation, Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-0861, Japan
Significant changes with little progress: evaluation on the 3 rd year of the ...Tri Widodo W. UTOMO
Tri Widodo W. Utomo
Department of International Cooperation, Graduate School of International Development,
Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-0861, Japan
Proceeding Temu Ilmiah XII, 2003, Gifu University: held and published by Indonesian Student Association (PPI)
The document summarizes problems with Indonesia's recent decentralization policy and proposes solutions to address these issues. Specifically:
1) The policy has largely devolved power to district/city governments rather than empowering local institutions like village governments, leading to issues like lack of resources and services at lower levels.
2) To prevent failures, the document proposes "internal decentralization" that distributes power from district/city governments to sub-district and village levels. It also recommends strengthening local institutions like neighborhood associations to participate in decision making.
3) These changes would create a "new format" of regional autonomy with power focused at the lowest governmental levels rather than district/city, democratizing governance from within local
A Review Study upon the Public Administration and its policies in Indiapaperpublications3
Abstract:The objective of this paper is to review the implications of the basic principles of public administration in the Republic of India with the context of public governance and discuss their impact on different administration imperatives upon the Indian masses. The public administrative policies in India have proven to be extremely malicious. The very fabric of the socioeconomic factor of the society is highly affected by it. The prevalence of social evil factors for instance poverty, unemployment, corruption etc. are extremely high. The review study also enlightens the fact that the public administration of the country is highly influenced by the political and the private institutional elites and does not effectively monitors upon the needs of the society. This review also focuses upon the several measures that can be implemented to overcome the problems originated due to inefficient public administration i.e. skilled training of the administrative staff, development of policies and procedures with the consent of general public, liberalization of economic policies, promoting innovation, good governance etc.
Keywords:Public administration, Economy, Developing countries, Good Governance, Policy.
Assessment of Public Financial Management and State of Infrastructure in Tara...IJASRD Journal
This study examined public financial management and state of infrastructure in Taraba State of Nigeria. The study used survey design. Data were collected through administration of questionnaire to respondents across the state, interviews were also conducted. The questionnaire was designed on 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation were employed in the analyses of data. Also, chi-square was used in testing the research hypotheses. The study reveals that budget performance has positive and significant effect on state of infrastructure. In addition, it was revealed that the state of infrastructure in Taraba State does not reflect the budget. The findings have implications on government officials, relevant government agencies, and the general public. The study therefore recommends that government should take it as an obligation to implement significant proportion of budget to improve the state of infrastructure.
Toward a world class bureaucracy in digital areaDr. Zar Rdj
GENERAL REASONS OF PUBLIC DISTRUST
1. Power Abuse Or Misuse
2. Policy Failure
3. Lack Of Public Service Quality
4. Outdated Government Systems
5. Scandals Or Corruptions
6. Official’s Mistake, Improper Words
LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA AFTER
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW NO. 22 OF 1999
(FROM AUTHORITATIVE TO DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENTAL REGIME)
Submitted as Prerequisite for "Introduction to International Cooperation Law" Course
By: Tri Widodo W. Utomo
(DICOS, 300202040)
Local Government Reforms as Instrument for National Development in Nigeriaijtsrd
The study examined local government reforms as instrument for national development in Nigeria using qualitative data that rely on content analysis of extant literature that supports the aim of establishing and reforming the local government as the third tier of government to act as a veritable instrument for national development in Nigeria. However, available empirical literature has argued that despite the important role of local government as the third tier of government and an instrument of development, there is a glaring evidence of serious inadequacies. They posits that the current state of Local Government in Nigeria is characterized by unbridled interference of the State Government which is quite dismal largely due to poor management of resources, lack of autonomy, inadequate local leadership among others. Thus, to realize fully the intended development using Local governments as instrument, Local governments should be democratized and adequate measures provided to check the siphoning tendencies of its managements. Ezeozue, Chidozie "Local Government Reforms as Instrument for National Development in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30331.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/30331/local-government-reforms-as-instrument-for-national-development-in-nigeria/ezeozue-chidozie
Local Government System After the Implementation of Law No.
22 of 1999
Indonesian Scientific Meeting 2003 in Central Japan
December 20, 2003, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Japan
Tri Widodo W. Utomo
Department of International Cooperation, Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-0861, Japan
Significant changes with little progress: evaluation on the 3 rd year of the ...Tri Widodo W. UTOMO
Tri Widodo W. Utomo
Department of International Cooperation, Graduate School of International Development,
Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-0861, Japan
Proceeding Temu Ilmiah XII, 2003, Gifu University: held and published by Indonesian Student Association (PPI)
The document summarizes problems with Indonesia's recent decentralization policy and proposes solutions to address these issues. Specifically:
1) The policy has largely devolved power to district/city governments rather than empowering local institutions like village governments, leading to issues like lack of resources and services at lower levels.
2) To prevent failures, the document proposes "internal decentralization" that distributes power from district/city governments to sub-district and village levels. It also recommends strengthening local institutions like neighborhood associations to participate in decision making.
3) These changes would create a "new format" of regional autonomy with power focused at the lowest governmental levels rather than district/city, democratizing governance from within local
A Review Study upon the Public Administration and its policies in Indiapaperpublications3
Abstract:The objective of this paper is to review the implications of the basic principles of public administration in the Republic of India with the context of public governance and discuss their impact on different administration imperatives upon the Indian masses. The public administrative policies in India have proven to be extremely malicious. The very fabric of the socioeconomic factor of the society is highly affected by it. The prevalence of social evil factors for instance poverty, unemployment, corruption etc. are extremely high. The review study also enlightens the fact that the public administration of the country is highly influenced by the political and the private institutional elites and does not effectively monitors upon the needs of the society. This review also focuses upon the several measures that can be implemented to overcome the problems originated due to inefficient public administration i.e. skilled training of the administrative staff, development of policies and procedures with the consent of general public, liberalization of economic policies, promoting innovation, good governance etc.
Keywords:Public administration, Economy, Developing countries, Good Governance, Policy.
Assessment of Public Financial Management and State of Infrastructure in Tara...IJASRD Journal
This study examined public financial management and state of infrastructure in Taraba State of Nigeria. The study used survey design. Data were collected through administration of questionnaire to respondents across the state, interviews were also conducted. The questionnaire was designed on 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation were employed in the analyses of data. Also, chi-square was used in testing the research hypotheses. The study reveals that budget performance has positive and significant effect on state of infrastructure. In addition, it was revealed that the state of infrastructure in Taraba State does not reflect the budget. The findings have implications on government officials, relevant government agencies, and the general public. The study therefore recommends that government should take it as an obligation to implement significant proportion of budget to improve the state of infrastructure.
Toward a world class bureaucracy in digital areaDr. Zar Rdj
GENERAL REASONS OF PUBLIC DISTRUST
1. Power Abuse Or Misuse
2. Policy Failure
3. Lack Of Public Service Quality
4. Outdated Government Systems
5. Scandals Or Corruptions
6. Official’s Mistake, Improper Words
LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA AFTER
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LAW NO. 22 OF 1999
(FROM AUTHORITATIVE TO DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENTAL REGIME)
Submitted as Prerequisite for "Introduction to International Cooperation Law" Course
By: Tri Widodo W. Utomo
(DICOS, 300202040)
Fiscal Decentralization and Special Local Autonomy: Evidence from an Emerging...Suwandi, Dr. SE.,MSi
The quest of searching the endogeny variables of financial decentralization in emerging markets have become a serious topic due to the increasing wave of decentralized regions in many countries. The paper aimsto examine the effects of fiscal decentralization and specific local autonomy on economic growth, employment, poverty, and welfare in the special province Papua (Indonesia). The study exploited the main data of the decentralization fund by using a panel data of eight regencies and municipals, particularly the regional autonomy fund, direct and indirect government expenditure, and economic growth. The paper used the path analysis to explore the relationships of the observed variables. The results revealed that the decentralization fund influenced significantly on government’s direct expenditure and economic growth. The special local autonomy's fund has influenced considerably on government’s indirect expenditure. Its effect has increased, through economic growth as the intermediating variable, meaningfully on employment, poverty, and welfare. The results are in line with the prior studies, which explore the consequences of decentralization and specific autonomy to spur the economic growth in certain regions. It implies that the economic development strategies in Indonesia’s less-developed regions should be started with a bigger autonomy transfer program to those regions and simultaneously enhanced it by special budget allocation to trigger and support the development.
Corporate Governance in Local Governments of the Public Sector for Sustainabl...ijtsrd
Corporate governance in the public sector, particularly, in local governments is crucial to quality service delivery, citizen participation and sustainable development. Using Integrative Review approach, the study sought to review literature on corporate governance in local governments of the public sector. The results, according to the frame of the study based on selected literature revealed that most studies focused on one rather than two or more countries, there appeared to be less quantitative studies than qualitative studies, there seemed to be more reviews on the subject than empirical studies. The study confirms that public sector corporate governance as a concept is receiving some attention in both practice and literature. Isaac Jerry Kwabena Asare | Yusheng Kong "Corporate Governance in Local Governments of the Public Sector for Sustainable Development: An Integrated Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33504.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/33504/corporate-governance-in-local-governments-of-the-public-sector-for-sustainable-development-an-integrated-review/isaac-jerry-kwabena-asare
This document discusses the concept of good governance and its pillars. It defines governance as the decision-making process and implementation of decisions. Good governance means operating in a participatory, accountable, transparent, and consensus-based manner to advance citizens' rights and public interests. The key pillars of good governance discussed are: rule of law, participation, transparency, accountability, responsiveness, equity and inclusion, effectiveness and efficiency, and strategic vision. Good governance ensures fairness, empowerment, and efficient public service delivery through balancing these pillars.
Poor public management defined by corruption and lack of prudence in public life continues to hold Nigeria hostage and makes good governance difficult. Since the 1980s government has been using many methods including the processes of privatization and commercialization as means of re-engineering the public sector for total quality management, and to increase the share of the public sector’s contribution to the gross domestic product. The experiment never achieved the desired level of success partly due to lack of political will on the part of government to wedge a total war against corruption, and also partly because the public sector is a large scale administration that has many entry and revolving doors which government finds difficult to close. These limitations provide the incentives for widespread public corruption that is recognized as one of the greatest challenges of government in carrying out its mandate. 110 respondents participated in this study conducted through the exploratory research design. The participants provided useful data that were triangulated with data from secondary sources for the purpose of the study. To achieve the objective of the investigation, data were analyzed through statistical techniques and the result showed significant positive correlation between good governance and good management. It was recommended that appointments in the public sector should feature a combination of people from private and public sectors of the economy to enhance competence with the aim of reducing public sector corruption. Further study should examine the reasons behind rising budget deficits as a way of reducing cost of governance in Nigeria.
The Case of ODA’s Role In Developing “New Indonesia”
Paper submitted as Prerequisite for “Development Assistance” Course (Prof. SATO Ikuro)
Submitted by: Tri Widodo W. Utomo (DICOS M1, 300202040)
Dimensions of Accountability and Transparency at Local Level Finance Manageme...Triple A Research Journal
ABSTRACT
In existing local level finance system have lack of accountability and transparency. Local government institutions in Bangladesh are very weak in providing basic services to the citizens and in promoting good governance in their constituencies due to low level of human capital in the local government bodies and absence of participatory decision–making governance. The overall local finance is not satisfactory. The existing problems in transparency and accountability at local level finance are lack of people’s participation in budgeting process, monitoring mechanism, using information technologies and skilled manpower. For ensuring accountability and transparency there should have appropriate well designed written laws and regulations, proper auditing and inspection, people’s participation in budgeting. The study has been conducted by analyzing both primary and secondary sources of data. The aim of this article is to raise discussion on ensuring accountability and transparency at local level finance in TukerBazar Union, Khandigaon Union and Khadimnagor Union under SylhetSadarUpazilla. Finally, the study has been evaluated how to ensure accountability and transparency at local level finance in TukerBazar Union, Khandigaon Union and KhadimNagor Union under SyhetSadearUpazilla.
Keywords: Accountability, Transparency, Local Finance, Ensure.
Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country A Cas...ijtsrd
"This study focuses on accountability and public sector performance in the third world country A case study of Nigeria. The study is a demonstration of simple random sampling techniques on the bases of which a survey administration of questionnaires was done. The data collected was analysed by using chi square statistical tool. The result revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of transparency public office holders and public sector performance using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The findings revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of integrity of public office holders and performance output within short and long period their regime using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The paper recommends that issue of immunity clause as treated in the 1999 Constitution as amended must be revisited to improve accountability of public officeholder in Nigeria public service. Public officeholders need be made to answer for any suspected acts of funds misappropriation or mismanagement irrespective of social status. Oloruntoba Sunday Rufus | Gbemigun Catherine O ""Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country: A Case Study of Nigeria"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21748.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/21748/accountability-and-public-sector-performance-in-the-third-world-country-a-case-study-of-nigeria/oloruntoba-sunday-rufus"
Linking Development Cooperation and Transitional Justice for Sustainable Peac...Catrin Froehlich
This document discusses the links between transitional justice and economic development in Nepal. It argues that transitional justice efforts in Nepal have focused mainly on civil and political rights, but economic deprivation was a root cause of the conflict so transitional justice must also address violations of economic, social, and cultural rights. Unemployment, poverty, and an extractive state led to grievances that the Maoists exploited. The government has a responsibility to foster inclusive economic growth to guarantee these rights and create opportunities to prevent renewed conflict, but insecurity, corruption, and impunity have hampered the private sector and economic development in Nepal.
This document analyzes decentralization in India and its impact on social infrastructure and rural development. It discusses key issues regarding fiscal decentralization in India, including the centripetal bias in the constitutional assignment of powers and taxation toward the central government. The study aims to empirically examine the causal relationship between decentralization and development outcomes in India by analyzing its effects on social infrastructure and rural development, where about 70% of the population lives. While decentralization could potentially improve development outcomes by better matching policies to local needs, the impacts may vary across states and decentralization could also empower local elites at the expense of the poor.
Local Government; under what conditions Local Governments are successful, whe...Waseem Sajjad
Local governments are successful under certain political, administrative, and financial conditions. Politically, local governments need strong legal and constitutional support, as well as some level of independence from central control. Administratively, they require adequate administrative powers and autonomy over staffing. Financially, local governments need sufficient and stable funding sources, including the ability to generate own-source revenues and access loans. The document discusses these conditions and provides examples from various countries to illustrate when local governments have or have not been successful based on whether these conditions are met.
1. The document analyzes the effect of fiscal independence level and local revenue on human development index in districts and cities in North Sumatra, Indonesia from 2005 to 2009.
2. The results found that local revenue had a significant partial positive effect on human development index, while fiscal independence level did not have a significant partial effect.
3. Capital expenditure was found to have a full mediating role, where it indirectly mediated the effect of fiscal independence level on human development index.
Organizational culture change in the decentralization practice boyolali budi...Researcher Syndicate68
This document summarizes a case study on organizational culture change in the local government of Boyolali Regency, Indonesia following the country's decentralization reforms. It finds that while aspects of the local government's culture changed due to new democratic and transparency norms, other deeply ingrained aspects remained the same due to influence from traditional Javanese culture. The decentralization process transferred power from the central government to local authorities but also aimed to modernize governance through participation and accountability.
Beyond GDP: Measuring well-being and progress of NationsKübra Bayram
Everyone aspires to a good life. But what does a "good" (or better) life mean? In recent years, concerns have emerged that standard macro-economic statistics, such as GDP, which for a long time had been used as proxies to measure well-being, failed to give a true account of people’s current and future living conditions. The ongoing financial and economic crisis has reinforced this perception and it is now widely recognized that data on GDP provide only a partial perspective on the broad range of factors that matter to people’s lives.
Independent study -danika tynes--the road for the healthcare system in ugandaDanika Tynes, Ph.D.
This paper aims to analyze Uganda's institutional capacity and readiness to advance its healthcare system. It will do a historical review of institutional development and the current environment to identify strengths and weaknesses. It will compare Uganda's healthcare system to higher-ranked systems and other African countries that have seen improvements. This comparative analysis will summarize clues about Uganda's existing institutional capacity and what it needs to adopt robust healthcare services for its growing population. Understanding a country's institutions can help predict its development and reforms needed to improve health outcomes.
11.[1 12]challenges of managing local government finance in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes the challenges of managing local government finances in Nigeria. It discusses how local governments have limited revenue sources and financial autonomy due to their dependence on state and federal allocations. This has hindered their ability to effectively carry out development projects and provide services. The document traces the history of local governments in Nigeria and reforms like the 1976 reform. It analyzes issues like joint state-local government accounts that give states control over local funds. The House of Representatives is now pushing a bill to amend the constitution and grant local governments full financial autonomy in an effort to strengthen their ability to improve rural areas.
Since decades, modern economics is considered to be a social science, and has become so deeply rooted in the thoughts of western individuals that it has gained a position as nothing more than common sense, even though its fundamental rules have proved to be illogical (Radice, 2008). These rules also act as the guiding principles for Neoliberalism, which is a theory that derives its roots from modern economics. The foundation of modern economics was laid by Adam Smith, who is also known as the father of modern economics, in his work ‘The Wealth of Nations’ (Liow, 2012).
This document discusses why public policies often fail in Nigeria. It provides examples of policies implemented by the Nigerian government that failed to achieve their goals and objectives, such as the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) from 2003-2007 and the Subsidy Reinvestment and Empowerment Programme (SURE-P) from 2012-2015. The document analyzes factors that contribute to policy failure, including inefficient governance, poor policy design, and powerful interest groups undermining implementation. Overall, while the Nigerian government formulates policies to address national problems, implementation issues cause many policies to fail at delivering tangible benefits to citizens.
The role and scope of the state’s activities in the field of social security
are quite often problematic. This is related both to the attitude of citizens and to the
use of social slogans, particularly in election campaigns. One could say that the electoral struggle is a kind of race, in which the winner is the politician or party whose
promises are best suited to their voters. In order to address social security, politicians
manipulate economic data. But above all, the influence of electoral promises (usually
narrowed down to matters of welfare) on the evolution of the political system is not
considered, despite the fact that this influence is considerable and very often neglected, as exemplified by the situation in the Republic of Poland after 2015.
This document discusses the influence of public finances on economic growth in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 1980 to 2007. It aims to evaluate the role of public spending composition on economic growth. The author hypothesizes that during this period, Congolese public finances had a negative impact on economic growth due to issues like mismanagement, war, and looting. The document provides context on key public finance concepts and the importance and role of the state. It also outlines the methodology and structure of the study.
A Review Study upon the Public Administration and its policies in Indiapaperpublications3
Abstract:The objective of this paper is to review the implications of the basic principles of public administration in the Republic of India with the context of public governance and discuss their impact on different administration imperatives upon the Indian masses. The public administrative policies in India have proven to be extremely malicious. The very fabric of the socioeconomic factor of the society is highly affected by it. The prevalence of social evil factors for instance poverty, unemployment, corruption etc. are extremely high. The review study also enlightens the fact that the public administration of the country is highly influenced by the political and the private institutional elites and does not effectively monitors upon the needs of the society. This review also focuses upon the several measures that can be implemented to overcome the problems originated due to inefficient public administration i.e. skilled training of the administrative staff, development of policies and procedures with the consent of general public, liberalization of economic policies, promoting innovation, good governance etc.
Business Research Method (project of 30 article) Umair Ahmed
This document discusses the relationship between political stability and economic growth. It references several academic articles on topics like how dictatorship, political competition, and inequality can impact economic performance. The document also discusses how taxation, scale economies, skill formation, institutions, and interest groups relate to a country's economic growth and quality of life. It examines India's development experience as a case study and looks at the roles of the state and capabilities in achieving economic goals.
Fiscal Decentralization and Special Local Autonomy: Evidence from an Emerging...Suwandi, Dr. SE.,MSi
The quest of searching the endogeny variables of financial decentralization in emerging markets have become a serious topic due to the increasing wave of decentralized regions in many countries. The paper aimsto examine the effects of fiscal decentralization and specific local autonomy on economic growth, employment, poverty, and welfare in the special province Papua (Indonesia). The study exploited the main data of the decentralization fund by using a panel data of eight regencies and municipals, particularly the regional autonomy fund, direct and indirect government expenditure, and economic growth. The paper used the path analysis to explore the relationships of the observed variables. The results revealed that the decentralization fund influenced significantly on government’s direct expenditure and economic growth. The special local autonomy's fund has influenced considerably on government’s indirect expenditure. Its effect has increased, through economic growth as the intermediating variable, meaningfully on employment, poverty, and welfare. The results are in line with the prior studies, which explore the consequences of decentralization and specific autonomy to spur the economic growth in certain regions. It implies that the economic development strategies in Indonesia’s less-developed regions should be started with a bigger autonomy transfer program to those regions and simultaneously enhanced it by special budget allocation to trigger and support the development.
Corporate Governance in Local Governments of the Public Sector for Sustainabl...ijtsrd
Corporate governance in the public sector, particularly, in local governments is crucial to quality service delivery, citizen participation and sustainable development. Using Integrative Review approach, the study sought to review literature on corporate governance in local governments of the public sector. The results, according to the frame of the study based on selected literature revealed that most studies focused on one rather than two or more countries, there appeared to be less quantitative studies than qualitative studies, there seemed to be more reviews on the subject than empirical studies. The study confirms that public sector corporate governance as a concept is receiving some attention in both practice and literature. Isaac Jerry Kwabena Asare | Yusheng Kong "Corporate Governance in Local Governments of the Public Sector for Sustainable Development: An Integrated Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33504.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/public-sector-management/33504/corporate-governance-in-local-governments-of-the-public-sector-for-sustainable-development-an-integrated-review/isaac-jerry-kwabena-asare
This document discusses the concept of good governance and its pillars. It defines governance as the decision-making process and implementation of decisions. Good governance means operating in a participatory, accountable, transparent, and consensus-based manner to advance citizens' rights and public interests. The key pillars of good governance discussed are: rule of law, participation, transparency, accountability, responsiveness, equity and inclusion, effectiveness and efficiency, and strategic vision. Good governance ensures fairness, empowerment, and efficient public service delivery through balancing these pillars.
Poor public management defined by corruption and lack of prudence in public life continues to hold Nigeria hostage and makes good governance difficult. Since the 1980s government has been using many methods including the processes of privatization and commercialization as means of re-engineering the public sector for total quality management, and to increase the share of the public sector’s contribution to the gross domestic product. The experiment never achieved the desired level of success partly due to lack of political will on the part of government to wedge a total war against corruption, and also partly because the public sector is a large scale administration that has many entry and revolving doors which government finds difficult to close. These limitations provide the incentives for widespread public corruption that is recognized as one of the greatest challenges of government in carrying out its mandate. 110 respondents participated in this study conducted through the exploratory research design. The participants provided useful data that were triangulated with data from secondary sources for the purpose of the study. To achieve the objective of the investigation, data were analyzed through statistical techniques and the result showed significant positive correlation between good governance and good management. It was recommended that appointments in the public sector should feature a combination of people from private and public sectors of the economy to enhance competence with the aim of reducing public sector corruption. Further study should examine the reasons behind rising budget deficits as a way of reducing cost of governance in Nigeria.
The Case of ODA’s Role In Developing “New Indonesia”
Paper submitted as Prerequisite for “Development Assistance” Course (Prof. SATO Ikuro)
Submitted by: Tri Widodo W. Utomo (DICOS M1, 300202040)
Dimensions of Accountability and Transparency at Local Level Finance Manageme...Triple A Research Journal
ABSTRACT
In existing local level finance system have lack of accountability and transparency. Local government institutions in Bangladesh are very weak in providing basic services to the citizens and in promoting good governance in their constituencies due to low level of human capital in the local government bodies and absence of participatory decision–making governance. The overall local finance is not satisfactory. The existing problems in transparency and accountability at local level finance are lack of people’s participation in budgeting process, monitoring mechanism, using information technologies and skilled manpower. For ensuring accountability and transparency there should have appropriate well designed written laws and regulations, proper auditing and inspection, people’s participation in budgeting. The study has been conducted by analyzing both primary and secondary sources of data. The aim of this article is to raise discussion on ensuring accountability and transparency at local level finance in TukerBazar Union, Khandigaon Union and Khadimnagor Union under SylhetSadarUpazilla. Finally, the study has been evaluated how to ensure accountability and transparency at local level finance in TukerBazar Union, Khandigaon Union and KhadimNagor Union under SyhetSadearUpazilla.
Keywords: Accountability, Transparency, Local Finance, Ensure.
Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country A Cas...ijtsrd
"This study focuses on accountability and public sector performance in the third world country A case study of Nigeria. The study is a demonstration of simple random sampling techniques on the bases of which a survey administration of questionnaires was done. The data collected was analysed by using chi square statistical tool. The result revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of transparency public office holders and public sector performance using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The findings revealed that there is relationship between appraisal of integrity of public office holders and performance output within short and long period their regime using a case study of Ose Local Government Area Secretariat, Ose, Ondo State Nigeria. The paper recommends that issue of immunity clause as treated in the 1999 Constitution as amended must be revisited to improve accountability of public officeholder in Nigeria public service. Public officeholders need be made to answer for any suspected acts of funds misappropriation or mismanagement irrespective of social status. Oloruntoba Sunday Rufus | Gbemigun Catherine O ""Accountability and Public Sector Performance in the Third World Country: A Case Study of Nigeria"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21748.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/21748/accountability-and-public-sector-performance-in-the-third-world-country-a-case-study-of-nigeria/oloruntoba-sunday-rufus"
Linking Development Cooperation and Transitional Justice for Sustainable Peac...Catrin Froehlich
This document discusses the links between transitional justice and economic development in Nepal. It argues that transitional justice efforts in Nepal have focused mainly on civil and political rights, but economic deprivation was a root cause of the conflict so transitional justice must also address violations of economic, social, and cultural rights. Unemployment, poverty, and an extractive state led to grievances that the Maoists exploited. The government has a responsibility to foster inclusive economic growth to guarantee these rights and create opportunities to prevent renewed conflict, but insecurity, corruption, and impunity have hampered the private sector and economic development in Nepal.
This document analyzes decentralization in India and its impact on social infrastructure and rural development. It discusses key issues regarding fiscal decentralization in India, including the centripetal bias in the constitutional assignment of powers and taxation toward the central government. The study aims to empirically examine the causal relationship between decentralization and development outcomes in India by analyzing its effects on social infrastructure and rural development, where about 70% of the population lives. While decentralization could potentially improve development outcomes by better matching policies to local needs, the impacts may vary across states and decentralization could also empower local elites at the expense of the poor.
Local Government; under what conditions Local Governments are successful, whe...Waseem Sajjad
Local governments are successful under certain political, administrative, and financial conditions. Politically, local governments need strong legal and constitutional support, as well as some level of independence from central control. Administratively, they require adequate administrative powers and autonomy over staffing. Financially, local governments need sufficient and stable funding sources, including the ability to generate own-source revenues and access loans. The document discusses these conditions and provides examples from various countries to illustrate when local governments have or have not been successful based on whether these conditions are met.
1. The document analyzes the effect of fiscal independence level and local revenue on human development index in districts and cities in North Sumatra, Indonesia from 2005 to 2009.
2. The results found that local revenue had a significant partial positive effect on human development index, while fiscal independence level did not have a significant partial effect.
3. Capital expenditure was found to have a full mediating role, where it indirectly mediated the effect of fiscal independence level on human development index.
Organizational culture change in the decentralization practice boyolali budi...Researcher Syndicate68
This document summarizes a case study on organizational culture change in the local government of Boyolali Regency, Indonesia following the country's decentralization reforms. It finds that while aspects of the local government's culture changed due to new democratic and transparency norms, other deeply ingrained aspects remained the same due to influence from traditional Javanese culture. The decentralization process transferred power from the central government to local authorities but also aimed to modernize governance through participation and accountability.
Beyond GDP: Measuring well-being and progress of NationsKübra Bayram
Everyone aspires to a good life. But what does a "good" (or better) life mean? In recent years, concerns have emerged that standard macro-economic statistics, such as GDP, which for a long time had been used as proxies to measure well-being, failed to give a true account of people’s current and future living conditions. The ongoing financial and economic crisis has reinforced this perception and it is now widely recognized that data on GDP provide only a partial perspective on the broad range of factors that matter to people’s lives.
Independent study -danika tynes--the road for the healthcare system in ugandaDanika Tynes, Ph.D.
This paper aims to analyze Uganda's institutional capacity and readiness to advance its healthcare system. It will do a historical review of institutional development and the current environment to identify strengths and weaknesses. It will compare Uganda's healthcare system to higher-ranked systems and other African countries that have seen improvements. This comparative analysis will summarize clues about Uganda's existing institutional capacity and what it needs to adopt robust healthcare services for its growing population. Understanding a country's institutions can help predict its development and reforms needed to improve health outcomes.
11.[1 12]challenges of managing local government finance in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes the challenges of managing local government finances in Nigeria. It discusses how local governments have limited revenue sources and financial autonomy due to their dependence on state and federal allocations. This has hindered their ability to effectively carry out development projects and provide services. The document traces the history of local governments in Nigeria and reforms like the 1976 reform. It analyzes issues like joint state-local government accounts that give states control over local funds. The House of Representatives is now pushing a bill to amend the constitution and grant local governments full financial autonomy in an effort to strengthen their ability to improve rural areas.
Since decades, modern economics is considered to be a social science, and has become so deeply rooted in the thoughts of western individuals that it has gained a position as nothing more than common sense, even though its fundamental rules have proved to be illogical (Radice, 2008). These rules also act as the guiding principles for Neoliberalism, which is a theory that derives its roots from modern economics. The foundation of modern economics was laid by Adam Smith, who is also known as the father of modern economics, in his work ‘The Wealth of Nations’ (Liow, 2012).
This document discusses why public policies often fail in Nigeria. It provides examples of policies implemented by the Nigerian government that failed to achieve their goals and objectives, such as the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) from 2003-2007 and the Subsidy Reinvestment and Empowerment Programme (SURE-P) from 2012-2015. The document analyzes factors that contribute to policy failure, including inefficient governance, poor policy design, and powerful interest groups undermining implementation. Overall, while the Nigerian government formulates policies to address national problems, implementation issues cause many policies to fail at delivering tangible benefits to citizens.
The role and scope of the state’s activities in the field of social security
are quite often problematic. This is related both to the attitude of citizens and to the
use of social slogans, particularly in election campaigns. One could say that the electoral struggle is a kind of race, in which the winner is the politician or party whose
promises are best suited to their voters. In order to address social security, politicians
manipulate economic data. But above all, the influence of electoral promises (usually
narrowed down to matters of welfare) on the evolution of the political system is not
considered, despite the fact that this influence is considerable and very often neglected, as exemplified by the situation in the Republic of Poland after 2015.
This document discusses the influence of public finances on economic growth in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 1980 to 2007. It aims to evaluate the role of public spending composition on economic growth. The author hypothesizes that during this period, Congolese public finances had a negative impact on economic growth due to issues like mismanagement, war, and looting. The document provides context on key public finance concepts and the importance and role of the state. It also outlines the methodology and structure of the study.
A Review Study upon the Public Administration and its policies in Indiapaperpublications3
Abstract:The objective of this paper is to review the implications of the basic principles of public administration in the Republic of India with the context of public governance and discuss their impact on different administration imperatives upon the Indian masses. The public administrative policies in India have proven to be extremely malicious. The very fabric of the socioeconomic factor of the society is highly affected by it. The prevalence of social evil factors for instance poverty, unemployment, corruption etc. are extremely high. The review study also enlightens the fact that the public administration of the country is highly influenced by the political and the private institutional elites and does not effectively monitors upon the needs of the society. This review also focuses upon the several measures that can be implemented to overcome the problems originated due to inefficient public administration i.e. skilled training of the administrative staff, development of policies and procedures with the consent of general public, liberalization of economic policies, promoting innovation, good governance etc.
Business Research Method (project of 30 article) Umair Ahmed
This document discusses the relationship between political stability and economic growth. It references several academic articles on topics like how dictatorship, political competition, and inequality can impact economic performance. The document also discusses how taxation, scale economies, skill formation, institutions, and interest groups relate to a country's economic growth and quality of life. It examines India's development experience as a case study and looks at the roles of the state and capabilities in achieving economic goals.
This paper introduces the philosophy of Gross National Happiness (GNH) propounded by the His Majesty the forth king of Bhutan, Jigme Singay wangchuk. The paper particularly explores more on the Good Governance which is one of the four pillars and nine domains of the Gross National Happiness (GNH). It further elaborates on four dimensions of good governance. Under those dimensions the concepts like, how GNH is being politically pursued in Bhutan basically in terms of maintaining good governance? Whether GNH is flourishing or floundering under the new political climate of parliamentary democracy? Will also be discussed with respect to assuring good governance as desired by its people.
Running Head BUDGET AND PUBLIC FINANCEBUDGET AND PUBLIC F.docxhealdkathaleen
Running Head: BUDGET AND PUBLIC FINANCE
BUDGET AND PUBLIC FINANCE
Colorado Technical University
Budget and Public Finance
Nana Lawson
Individual project unit 4
July 31st 2019
BUDGET AND PUBLIC FINANCE.
Finance and budgeting are essential to public administration since it involves spending and transparently allocating public dollars. Managing funds mostly involves budgeting and understanding public reaction (Simon, H. A., Smithburg, D. W., & Thompson, 2017). Financial resource availability shapes many of the outcomes that matter to public administration including the effectiveness of public service, undertaking management reforms, performance implications and decisions to pursue. In 1988, the chamber of deputies changed the procedures regulating the budget session to control the formation of public needs.
The current financial crisis of our world today has forced organizations to cut budgets, reset priorities, restructure services and assume new financial responsibilities. This reminds us of the centrality of financial resources management to the public service. Budgets help in laying a foundation for the achievement of goals. When we focus on public finance, political, economic, legal and administrative aspects of public finance are examined.
Budgeting is not an easy process as it may seem and it involves many things. Many issues are involved when it comes to budgeting and public finance. Each budgetary decision made impacts various parts of a community that mainly depend on the government. For instance, looking at the day today ever-rising population, limited resources are a major factor when budgeting due to the large percentage of people existing in a world that has limited resources not enough to sustain them all.
Communication has also become an issue when we consider budgets. Just as many people say, communication is the key to success. For continuity to take place, communication must be considered. When we look at our world most communication mostly takes place through online services which mostly involves lies and corrupt activities. This hinders the budget and public finance process since almost everything relies on new technology.
Change of culture has also become a hindrance when we look at the differences between then old and new centuries since this century involves a lot of things. Infrastructure comes in since dealing with infrastructure and finding the way to invest in it with revenues that are not growing at the same rate as costs are hard.
Vision is also an issue since the government lacks an up straight vision on where the community is going. The government and its staff majorly base on obtaining power, being the best which makes it hard to budget (GrReed, B. J., &Raudla, 2010). This is because, when we focus on a vision, it becomes easier for budgeting since we can know what needs ...
This document provides an abstract for a research paper that analyzes the relationship between economic growth and economic development in the Vaal Triangle region of South Africa. The research uses an economic development index that includes unemployment, poverty, and the human development index to measure economic development. A Vector Auto Regression model indicates that economic development leads to economic growth in the short run. Therefore, policies aimed at increasing human development and reducing unemployment and poverty can achieve sustainable economic growth in the short run. The full paper will include literature on economic growth and development theories, methodology using data from reliable sources, results, discussion, recommendations, and a conclusion.
Closed or Inclusive Process: How State Actors View the Contribution of Non-St...paperpublications3
This document discusses state actors' perceptions of non-state actor contributions to public policy processes in Kenya. It provides background on the evolution of public policy frameworks in Kenya from the 1960s to present. While processes were initially closed, reforms in the 1990s and 2010 constitution have gradually opened them to include non-state actors. The document uses a power relations framework to analyze relationships between state and non-state actors. It identifies different types of policy spaces (closed, invited, claimed), levels of power (local, national, global), and forms of power (visible, hidden, invisible) that shape inclusion and influence in public policy.
Presentation - The rleationships between Public finance and Fiscal Policy 24....petrwawrosz1
This document provides an overview of key concepts in public finance and fiscal policy. It discusses public finance in terms of goals, functions, and relationships between government and the economy. It also examines the impact of government debt on economic growth, finding most studies show high debt negatively impacts growth. Additionally, it explores the relationship between fiscal policy tools like taxes and spending and macroeconomic outcomes, as well as theories like Ricardian equivalence.
Economic growth and social development an empirical study on selected states ...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that examines the relationship between economic growth and social development across 16 Indian states from 1981 to 2009 using panel regression analysis. The study finds that most economic indicators like foodgrain production, healthcare access, infrastructure development, government spending on education/culture, and petroleum consumption had a significant impact on reducing death rates across states. However, the impact varied between different states in India. The regression model incorporates state fixed effects to account for differences in social development outcomes across states over time.
Relationship of Citizens' Engagement and Political Corruption to Government E...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : This study explores the relationship between citizens‟ engagement and political corruption to
government effectiveness. World Bank defines government effectiveness as the reflection of the quality of
public services, the quality of civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the
quality of policy formulation and implementation as well as the credibility of government commitments to such
policies (World Bank, 2017). Thus, this paper will provide a comprehensive study in defining the term
“Government Effectiveness”. There are several factors that influences the level of government effectiveness but
this paper will focus on political corruption and citizens‟ engagement through civil society participation,
political party ban, freedom of academic and cultural expression and media censorship. In order to establish the
relationship association of the given variables this study utilized the correlational research design. Specifically,
it examined the relationship of citizen‟s engagement and political corruption to government effectiveness. With
these variables this paper will provide a precise research on better understanding of measuring government
effectiveness.
KEYWORDS: Political corruption, citizens, engagement, government effectiveness, civil society, political
party
This document discusses two-way causality between social capital and poverty in rural Indonesia. It analyzes data from two nationally representative datasets to show that social capital, defined as participation in social activities, positively affects household expenditure, a proxy for poverty. It also finds that factors like education, number of social organizations in a village, permanent market infrastructure, and home ownership determine social capital levels. The study aims to better understand this relationship to inform policies that can help reduce rural poverty through facilitating access to social capital for poor households.
This document discusses citizen participation in the budgetary process in Botswana. It finds that the public and legislature are given a small role to play in the budgeting process, with little opportunity to comment or be involved in final decision making. To improve participation, the document recommends giving the public and legislature more opportunities to comment on budget proposals and increasing access to public information. Participatory budgeting aims to incorporate transparency and encourage sustainable, implementable decisions by incorporating citizen priorities. However, lack of transparency and citizen engagement in Botswana's budgeting process undermines democracy and the rule of law.
The village government has an substantial responsibility in managing human resources to produce regional economic benefits. This research aims to identify the stakeholder collaboration to support accountability in village fund management and rural development. This study used an interactive approach with data collection methods such as structured interviews, documentation, and observation. The object of the study is village officials in Pranggang Village,
Plosoklaten District, Kediri Regency, East Java Province. The results of the study showed that the village government has not optimally carried out its role in involving more stakeholders. Collaborative stakeholders in managing village funds involved village government officials, activity management team and
community. They play a positive role in bringing about village accountability in managing village funds. An increased community participation contribute to program evaluation activities and effectiveness in the village financial management. The accountability of the village funds utilization has met the
Home Affairs Ministerial Regulation number 113 of 2014. In addition, social accountability has been applied in various forms of effective interactions between the community and village government. Much efforts are required to improve the quality of human resources through more stakeholder engagement, training activity and community empowerment.
The document discusses Chapter 1 of the book American Public Policy. It defines public policy as the sum of government activities that influence citizens' lives. Public policy can be categorized into three levels: policy choices made by politicians, civil servants, or others that use public power to affect citizens; laws and court decisions; and administrative rules. The chapter also describes the three main divisions of the US government that impact public policy: federalism, separation of powers, and subgovernments/iron triangles. It concludes that these divisions can either facilitate or hinder the policymaking process.
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes political dynasties in the 15th Philippine Congress. Some key findings of the research paper include:
1) Political dynasties comprise 70% of jurisdiction-based legislators in the 15th Philippine Congress.
2) Political dynasties have higher net worth and win elections by larger margins compared to non-dynasty politicians.
3) Areas dominated by political dynasties tend to have lower living standards, less human development, and higher levels of deprivation and inequality.
Public Budgeting System and Expenditures PhilippinesKaren S.
The document discusses public budgeting systems and expenditures from several perspectives. It defines a budget and provides theories on budgeting. It views the budget as an economic process of allocating resources, a political process of competition for limited resources, and an administrative process for planning, coordination and evaluation. The budget impacts a nation's fiscal health and economy. Budgeting theories from developed countries do not always apply to developing countries that face more constraints due to underdevelopment.
The document discusses public budgeting systems and expenditures from several perspectives. It defines a budget and provides theories on budgeting. It views the budget as an economic process of allocating resources, a political process of competition for limited resources, and an administrative process for planning, coordination and evaluation. The budget impacts a nation's fiscal health and economy. Budgeting theories from developed countries do not always apply to developing countries that face more constraints due to underdevelopment.
The document discusses public budgeting systems and expenditures from several perspectives. It defines a budget and explores theories of budgeting. It views the budget as an economic process of allocating resources, a political process of competition for limited resources, and an administrative process for planning, coordination and evaluation. The budget is seen as having an impact on a country's fiscal health and economy. Challenges in developing countries include a lack of practical budgeting theory and the complications of budgeting in conditions of underdevelopment and poverty.
Abstract: The paper examines the impact of public sectoral expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981-2013. It was observed that the growth of government expenditure has not fully felt by the economy. The econometric methodology employed is the ARDL model and results show that while the impact of government expenditure on administration and debt servicing were positive on economic growth in the long and short run, expenditure on economic and social sectors has negative impact. We argue that this may not be unconnected with the high level of corruption prevalent in the public sector where funds that are meant for provision or maintenance of social-economic activities like agriculture, roads, transportations, schools and hospitals are diverted for personal use. The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ test show the model is stable as neither of them cross the 5% boundary. The paper recommended that government should increase expenditure to the social and economic sectors while debts or debt servicing should be reduced. Also, corruption so prevalent in the public sector must be minimized if cannot be eradicated.
The paper examines the impact of public sectoral expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981-2013. It was observed that the growth of government expenditure has not fully felt by the economy. The econometric methodology employed is the ARDL model and results show that while the impact of government expenditure on administration and debt servicing were positive on economic growth in the long and short run, expenditure on economic and social sectors has negative impact. We argue that this may not be unconnected with the high level of corruption prevalent in the public sector where funds that are meant for provision or maintenance of social-economic activities like agriculture, roads, transportations, schools and hospitals are diverted for personal use. The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ test show the model is stable as neither of them cross the 5% boundary. The paper recommended that government should increase expenditure to the social and economic sectors while debts or debt servicing should be reduced. Also, corruption so prevalent in the public sector must be minimized if cannot be eradicated.
Similar to Budget Behavior and Corruption: An Manifestation of Political Economy in Indonesia (20)
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISMAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Huzhou has rich tourism resources, as early as a considerable development since the reform and
opening up, especially in recent years, Huzhou tourism has ushered in a new period of development
opportunities. At present, Huzhou tourism has become one of the most characteristic tourist cities on the East
China tourism line. With the development of Huzhou City, the tourism industry has been further improved, and
the tourism degree of the whole city has further increased the transformation and upgrading of the tourism
industry. However, the development of tourism in Huzhou City still lags far behind the tourism development of
major cities in East China. This round of research mainly analyzes the current development of tourism in
Huzhou City, on the basis of analyzing the specific situation, pointed out that the current development of
Huzhou tourism problems, and then analyzes these problems one by one, and put forward some specific
solutions, so as to promote the further rapid development of tourism in Huzhou City.
KEYWORDS:Huzhou; Travel; Development
Enhancing Losari Beach Exploration: Augmented Reality for Immersive Visualiza...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: South Sulawesi, commonly known as Makassar, boasts rich cultural heritage and customs,
making it a prominent destination for tourism. Among its attractions, Losari beach stands out as a focal point for
visitors seeking to explore the city's natural beauty and cultural offerings. In this context, leveraging modern
technology such as augmented reality presents an innovative approach to showcasing Losari beach to potential
tourists. This research endeavors to introduce tourism assets in a more visually captivating manner through the
use of augmented reality. Utilizing software tools like Unity and Adobe Illustrator, the study focuses on creating
an immersive experience where tourists can interact with virtual representations of Losari beach. By simply
pointing their mobile phone cameras at designated markers or using barcode scanners, tourists can access
augmented reality features embedded within the application. The findings of this research aim to provide
valuable information, particularly for foreign tourists, about Losari beach, positioning it as a compelling
destination within South Sulawesi's diverse array of tourist attractions. Through this technological innovation,
the study seeks to enhance the visibility and appeal of Makassar city's tourism offerings on a global scale.
KEYWORDS: Visualizing, Losari Beach, Augmented Reality
DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF TMALL DURING THE COVID-19 EPIDEMICAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:China's e-commerce enterprises have developed rapidly, among which Tmall has become one of
the largest retail shopping websites in China.But in the past year, the Covid-19 epidemic has brought a huge
impact to Chinese e-commerce enterprises, and Tmall is no exception.Therefore, the development status of
Tmall in the new crown epidemic situation was analyzed, and the viewpoint was put forward :Tmall1 stabilized
the situation in the face of the epidemic situation and made a very correct countermeasures.The influence of this
epidemic on Tmall was deeply analyzed, and the conclusion was made: the new crown epidemic is both a
challenge and an opportunity forTmall.
KEYWORDS:Tmall; COVID - 19 outbreak ; The electronic commerce
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra VinhAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Motivation plays an important role in foreign language learning process. This study aimed to
investigate student’s motivation patterns towards English language learning at a University in Tra Vinh, and factors
affecting their motivation change toward English language learning of non-English-major students in the semester.
The researcher used semi-structured interview at the first phase of choosing the participants and writing reflection
through the instrument called “My English Learning Motivation History” adapted from Sawyer (2007) to collect
qualitative data within 15 weeks. The participants consisted of nine first year non-English-major students who learning
General English at pre-intermediate level. They were chosen and divided into three groups of three members each
(high motivation group; average motivation group; and low motivation group). The results of the present study
identified six visual motivation patterns of three groups of students with different motivation fluctuation, through the
use of cluster analysis. The study also indicated a diversity of factors affecting students’ motivation involving internal
factors as influencing factors (cognitive, psychology, and emotion) and external factors as social factors (instructor,
peers, family, and learning environment) during English language learning in a period of 15 weeks. The findings of
the study helped teacher understand relationship of motivation change and its influential factors. Furthermore, the
findings also inspired next research about motivation development in learning English process.
KEY WORDS: language learning motivation, motivation change, motivation patterns, influential factors, students’
motivation.
The Impact of Work Stress and Digital Literacy on Employee Performance at PT ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This research aims to analyze the correlation between employee work stress and digital literacy
with employee performance at PT Telkom Akses Area Cirebon, both concurrently and partially. Employing a
quantitative approach, the study's objectives are descriptive and causal, adopting a positivist paradigm with a
deductive approach to theory development and a survey research strategy. Findings reveal that work stress
negatively and significantly impacts employee performance, while digital literacy positively and significantly
affects it. Simultaneously, work stress and digital literacy have a positive and significant influence on employee
performance. It is anticipated that company management will devise workload management strategies to
alleviate work stress and assess the implementation of more efficient digital technology to enhance employee
performance.
KEYWORDS -digital literacy, employee performance,job stress, multiple regression analysis, workload
management
The Settlement of Construction Disputes Through Dispute Councils From the Per...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This research differs from the practice of business activity in the construction services industry,
which may lead to construction disputes. The settlement of construction disputes is a consensus based on the
basic principle of debate. If the discussions between the parties do not reach an agreement, the parties may take
measures to resolve the dispute through the dispute council. Because the standard governing the disputes
committee was not fully regulated, they did not comply with the principle of legal certainty. Therefore, further
research was needed to establish a theoretical basis for regulating the disputes committee in settling construction
disputes. This research is a standard legal research using a legal regulatory, conceptual, and comparative
approach. The research results show that the ideal concept of resolving construction disputes through a dispute
council based on the value of legal certainty is to establish that the position of the dispute council is a special
court that has the authority to resolve construction disputes under construction services agreements. To realize
the position of the Court of Disputation as a special court, it must be based on the creation of philosophical
values, the creationof legislative regulations, and the creation of the institutional structure of the Court of
Disputation.
KEYWORDS-Construction Disputes, Dispute Council, Special Court
VALUES OF ORAL LITERATURE IN THE SOCIETY: A STUDY OF FOLKTALES OFOGBA IN RIVE...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Oral literature is a creative work of art that portends high merit and has the creative use of
imagination in preliterate societies. It adopts the genres of literature: drama, prose and poetry in the oral milieu,
using performance as its hallmark. It thrives on the use of oral data because of its orality. This paper focuses on
the moral values or oral literature in the society using Ogba as a spring board. The study was carried out in
communities ofOgba. The population of the study consists of ten towns and village, in Ogba. The theoretical
framework used is Dell Hyme’s ethno-poetics because the works of oral literature relate to the society. This
paper concludes that oral literature serves to against all odds; communicate ideas, emotions, beliefs and
appreciation of life. The folktales in Ogba for instance, serve similar purpose through their
rendition/performance. Through the stories, the younger generation in Ogba society is familiarised with the
customs, traditions, and rituals prevalent in the society. This paper therefore recommends the use of oral
literature in all its genres to inculcate moral values and lessons to the teenagers and youths. Against this
background, Ogba (African) themselves must cease to regard oral literature as primitive and fetish.
KEYWORDS: Values, Oral Literature, Society, Ogba, Folktales
Pormalistikong Pagdalumat sa mga Tula ni Ron CanimoAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Nilayon ng pag-aaral na ito na masuri ang dalawampung (20) tula ni Ron Canimo gamit ang
pormalistikong dulog batay sa mga sumusunod na elemento: (a) Sukat at Tugma, (b) Talinghaga at
Simbolismo, (c) Imahen, (d) Tema, at (e) Diksiyon. Layunin din nitong mataya ang antas ng pagtanggap ng
ginawang pagsusuri gamit ang nabuong instrumento sa pagtataya nito. Sinunod dito ang Input-Process-Output
na balangkas ng pag-aaral at ginamitan ng kwantitatib-deskriptib-ebalwatib na pamamaraan. Sa pamamagitan
ng talatanungang ibinatay sa ginamit ni Morales (2014) na naimodipika ayon sa kahingian ng kasalukuyang
pag-aaral, tatlong (3) gurong eksperto ang nagsilbing tagataya dito na siyang tumiyak sa kahusayan ng nabuong
pagsusuri ng mananaliksik. Gamit ang Content Analysis, natuklasan na makabagong pamamaraan ang istilo na
ginamit ni Ron Canimo sa pagsulat ng mga tula. Lahat ng kanyang mga tula ay walang sinusunod na sukat at
tugma, may iba‟t ibang tayutay at simbolismong ginamit, magkaibang pandama ang pinagana dahil sa mga
imahe at paglalarawang ginawa, iba‟t ibang uri ng pag-ibig ang tinalakay at gumamit ng pormal, impormal o
kumbersasyonal na wika at makabagong istilo sa pagsulat ng tula. Gamit ang mean at standard deviation,
lumabas na “Mataas” ang antas ng pagtanggap sa kabuuan ng mga gurong eksperto na tumaya sa nabuong
pagsusuri. Lumabas din na “Mataas” ang antas ng kanilang pagtanggap sa nabuong pagsusuri batay sa mga
sumusunod na elemento: (a) Sukat at Tugma, (b) Talinghaga at Simbolismo, (c) Imahen, (d) Tema, at (e)
Diksiyon. Mula sa natayang pagsusuri at kinalabasan ng antas ng pagtanggap dito, naitala ang mga paksa sa
Junior High School Filipino na maaaring lapatan at gamitan ng nabuong pagsusuri.
KEYWORDS: Kumbensyunal, Pagdalumat, Pormalistiko, Ron Canimo, Tula
SCHOOL CULTURE ADAPTATION AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLES COLLEGE STUDENTS AT A PRIV...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This qualitative study investigates the adaption experiences of indigenous college students at the
University of Mindanao, Matina-main campus. Eight major themes emerged, including difficulties with language
proficiency, online learning, classroom interaction, examination systems, grading procedures, school regulations,
resource accessibility, coping mechanisms, and future goals. Implications include the requirement for targeted
language proficiency and technology use support, an understanding of adaption processes, interventions to
improve resource accessibility, and equitable public administration policies. The study underlines the importance
of adaptation in various educational contexts, as well as the role of educators and legislators in creating inclusive
learning environments.
KEYWORDS: indigenous college students, adaptation, educational challenges, coping strategies
The effect of Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth and Profitability on Tax ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This research aims to test, analyze and obtain empirical evidence about the influence of
institutional ownership, sales growth and profitability on tax avoidance. The object of this research is
manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI)
in 2018-2022. This research used quantitative research methods and causal research design. The sampling
technique in this research used non-probability sampling with purposive sampling as the basis for determining
the sample so that a sample of 55 samples was obtained. The data used is secondary data obtained from the
official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2018-2022 period. The data analysis method
used was multiple linear regression analysis with several tests such as descriptive statistical tests, classical
assumption tests, and hypothesis testing using SPSS version 26 statistical software. The results showed that the
institutional ownership variable has no effect on tax avoidance, while the sales growth and profitability has a
negative and significant effect on tax avoidance.
KEYWORDS: Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth, Profitability, Tax Avoidance
MGA ESTRATEHIYA SA PAGTUTURO KAUGNAY SA PASALITANG PARTISIPASYON NG MGA MAG-A...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRAK: Ang mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ay mahalagang kasangkapan sa paghahatid ng mabisang
pagtuturo sa loob ng silid. Tinukoy sa pag-aaral na ito ang antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral sa pagsasadula,
pangkatang talakayan at paggawa ng mga koneksyon sa tunay na karanasan sa buhay bilang mga estratehiya sa
pagtuturo ng panitikan sa Filipino at pasalitang partisipasyon ng mga mag-aaral sa Baitang 7 ng Misamis
University Junior High School, Ozamiz City. Ang ginamit na disenyo sa pananaliksik na ito ay deskriptivcorrelational. Ang mga datos sa pag-aaral ay nagmula sa kabuuang populasyon na 120 na mag-aaral at tatlong
mga guro na tagamasid sa pasalitang partisipasyon ng mga mag-aaral. Ang Talatanungan sa Kagamitan sa
Pagtuturo ng Panitikan at Checklist batay sa Obserbasyon sa Pasalita na Partisipasyon ay ang instrumentong
ginamit sa pagkalap ng datos. Mean, standard deviation, Analysis of Variance at Pearson Product-Moment
Correlation Coefficient ang mga ginamit na estatistiko na sangkap. Inihayag sa naging resulta na ang tatlong piling
estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng panitikan sa Filipino ay may pinakamataas na antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral.
Ang antas ng pakilahok ng mga mag-aaral sa paggamit ng tatlong estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng panitikan ay
pinakamataas na nagpapahiwatig na aktibong nakilahok ang mga mag-aaral sa mga gawain. Inihayag din na
walang makabuluhang kaibahan sa antas ng kagustuhan ng mga mag-aaral sa mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng
panitikan sa Filipino. Ito ay nangahulugan na gustong-gusto ng mga mag-aaral ang pagkakaroon ng mga
estratehiya sa pagtuturo. Walang makabuluhang kaugnayan ang kagustuhan sa mga estratehiya at antas ng
pakikilahok ng mga mag-aaral. Hindi nakaapekto sa kanilang pakikilahok ang anumang estratehiyang ginamit ng
guro.
KEYWORDS : estratehiya, karanasan, pagsasadula, pagtuturo, pangkatang talakayan
The Role of the Instruction of Reading Comprehension Strategies in Enhancing ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :Throughout my studies and teaching English in different language centers and higher studies
institutions, I have come to conclude that students consider Reading comprehension as a nightmare that
frightens them and hinders their language acquisition in the Moroccan EFL Context. This may cause them to
develop an internal psychological obstacle that grows as their lack of the necessary instruments or tools to
overcome are not equipped with. They become lost and unaware about or unfamiliar with the necessary reading
comprehension strategies that could help them to face the problem of misunderstanding or non-understanding
of English texts. Respectively, this article which is only one part of my whole study aims at showing the effect
of teaching reading strategies in enhancing the S1 students‟ familiarity with reading strategies and raising their
frequency use. A sample of 283 University students in EFL context have been chosen randomly and have
attended the usual academic reading classes, yet only 76 are subject to this survey. 38 of them constitute the
experimental group who have attended the treatment regularly in one of the language centers and the other 38
participants are chosen randomly from the whole population to constitute the Control group. They all have
Psychosocial Factors and Deviant Behaviors of Children in Conflict with the L...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This study aims to determine the relationship between psychosocialfactors and deviant
behaviors among children in conflict with the law (CICL) inDavao Region. The researchers want to discover the
prevalent factors thatdrive these children to their behaviors. Further, the study sought to determinethe
manifestation of psychosocial factors in terms of life satisfaction, emotionalsupport, self-esteem, and personality
traits. The study's data came from N-83children in conflict with the law (CICL) at the Regional Rehabilitation
Center forYouth (RRCY) in Bago Oshiro, Davao City; all respondents are male. This studyused a total
enumeration sampling technique due to the relatively smallpopulation size. The researchers adapted the
Psychosocial surveyquestionnaires by Zabriskie & Ward (2013) and by John and Srivastava (1999)as well as the
Deviant Behavior Variety Scale (DBVS) by Sanches et al. (2016).Through the use of a validated questionnaire,
the mean and standard deviationare determined. The researchers modified this questionnaire and translated itinto
the respondents' mother tongue (Cebuano) for them to comprehend itbetter. The study discovered no significant
relationship between psychosocialfactors and deviant behaviors of children in conflict with the law (CICL) in
theDavao Region
KEYWORDS :Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL), deviant behaviors, psychosocial factors
Entropy: A Join between Science and Mind-SocietyAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Entropy is join, intersection and interaction between natural science and human mind-society.
We proposed that if internal interactions exist in isolated systems, entropy decrease will be possible for this
system. Management in system is a typical internal interaction within the isolated system. The purpose of
management is to use regulating the internal interactions within the system, and to decrease the increasing
entropy spontaneously. We propose the principle of social civilization and the developing direction is: freedom
of thought, rule of action. Both combinations should be a peaceful revision and improvement of social rules and
laws. Different countries and nations, different religions and beliefs should coexist peacefully and compete
peacefully. The evolution of human society must be coevolution. Its foundation is the evolution of the human
heart and the human nature.
KEYWORDS: entropy, science, society, management, mind, evolution.
A Model of Disaster Resilience Among Colleges and Universities: A Mixed Metho...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This research paper aimed to create a comprehensive framework for measuring disaster
resilience in colleges and universities. The study used a mixed method through Exploratory Factor Analysis
(EFA), which involved analyzing data from a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed based on
in-depth interviews with 12 selected participants from the University of Mindanao, as well as relevant literature
and studies. It was reviewed and validated by 10 experts using a method called Content Validity Ratio (CVR).
This questionnaire was then administered to 400 students from 10 different colleges in University of Mindanao.
After conducting the Exploratory Factor Analysis and performing rotations and iterations, the researchers
identified five main constructs that characterize disaster resilience among colleges (1) disaster preparedness, (2)
disaster awareness, (3) community readiness, and (4) disaster management, (5) disaster resilience. The
researchers aimed to create an organization called “Council of College Disaster Volunteers (CCDV)” which
consist of student volunteers. These factors can be used to develop effective management strategies and
strengthen efforts in preventing and managing disasters and accidents.
KEYWORDS:content validity ratio, criminology, disaster resilience, disaster management, exploratory factor
analysis, and Philippines.
Environmental Struggles and Justice Among Lumad Farmers of Davao CityAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : The study described the various environmental struggles experienced among the participants
and their status in accessing justice. The study followed a qualitative multiple-case study approach; the
participants are the Lumad farmers of Marilog, Davao City selected through a Critical sampling method and
aims to present the environmental violations experienced by the Lumad farmers in Davao City and how it
affected their families and sustenance further, their status in accessing justice is also explored. The study
concluded that the most common struggles the participant experience are Illegal logging and improper waste
disposal, which affect their farms, family, health, and income. Their preferred means to accessing justice is
through barangay settlement; the rigors of accessing courts, such as distance, expenses, fear of ruling, and the
hassle of being called to be present in court, are the most prevalent barriers that hinder the lead farmers from
accessing justice or seeking legal action. Nevertheless, the participants believed that the government would help
them in accessing justice.
KEYWORDS :access to justice, criminology,environmental justice, environmental struggles, lumadfarmers
CYBERBULLYING EXPERIENCES OF UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTSAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This paper explores the cyberbullying experiences among Criminology students at the
University of Mindanao. A simple random sampling method was used to distribute the study's online
questionnaire to the respondents and to survey the target population. This study has four hundred (400)
respondents, and the respondents are Criminology students at the University of Mindanao. The findings of this
study revealed that the level of cyberbullying experiences is sometimes manifested. On the other hand, the
cyberbullying experiences of the students indicate a moderate level, which indicates that the cyberbullying
experiences of the respondents are sometimes manifested. Also, the computations showed that among the
indicators presented, the highest mean is obtained in the psychological effect, which implies that there is a
significant effect of cyberbullying experiences of the respondents in terms of the Gender level of the
respondents. Therefore, respondents with a low level of cyberbullying experiences tend to have a moderate level
of cyberbullying experience. However, there is no significant effect in terms of age and year level of the
respondents according to the results regarding the psychological, emotional, and physical impact of
cyberbullying.
KEYWORDS :cyberbullying, emotional, experiences, psychological,physical effect, and simple random
sampling method.
A philosophical ontogenetic standpoint on superego role in human mind formationAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: One of the most significant contributions of psychoanalysis to understand the human being is the
elaboration of a model about the mind from a topical and dynamic perspective. Freud explains the mind by the
constitution of the preconscious, conscious, and subconscious. Later, by three dynamic components: the id, the
ego and the superego. Such an organization of the psychic apparatus supposes not only individual elements, but
social influences along the process of hominization. In this paper, we recover the findings of the renowned
anthropologist Lewis Morgan, trying to link some of them to the psychoanalytic theory. Especially highlighting
the importance of superego in Haidt’s social intuitionism.
Keywords: evolutionism, intuitionism, psychoanalysis, Freud, Haidt, Morgan
Improving Workplace Safety Performance in Malaysian SMEs: The Role of Safety ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the Malaysian context, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) experience a significant
burden of workplace accidents. A consensus among scholars attributes a substantial portion of these incidents to
human factors, particularly unsafe behaviors. This study, conducted in Malaysia's northern region, specifically
targeted Safety and Health/Human Resource professionals within the manufacturing sector of SMEs. We
gathered a robust dataset comprising 107 responses through a meticulously designed self-administered
questionnaire. Employing advanced partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques
with SmartPLS 3.2.9, we rigorously analyzed the data to scrutinize the intricate relationship between safety
behavior and safety performance. The research findings unequivocally underscore the palpable and
consequential impact of safety behavior variables, namely safety compliance and safety participation, on
improving safety performance indicators such as accidents, injuries, and property damages. These results
strongly validate research hypotheses. Consequently, this study highlights the pivotal significance of cultivating
safety behavior among employees, particularly in resource-constrained SME settings, as an essential step toward
enhancing workplace safety performance.
KEYWORDS :Safety compliance, safety participation, safety performance, SME
Psychological Empowerment and Empathy as Correlates of ForgivenessAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The study explores Psychological Empowerment and Empathy as Correlates of Forgiveness.
The two variables are regarded to have influence on the decision one makes to forgive another. The study aimed
at examining the relationships between psychological empowerment and forgiveness, empathy and forgiveness
and to identify which one of the two,Psychological Empowerment or Empathy, is the more powerful predictor of
forgiveness. The study took a survey design with a sample of 350 drawn from a population of university students
using a self-administered questionnaire with four sections: Personal information, Psychological empowerment
scale, Toronto Empathy questionnaire, and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS). Data analysis employed
Pearson’s product moment correlation and regression analysis to test hypotheses. The results show significant
relationships between psychological empowerment and forgiveness as well as empathy and forgiveness.
Empathy was found to be the more powerful predictor of forgiveness.
KEY WORDS: Psychological empowerment, empathy, forgiveness
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Budget Behavior and Corruption: An Manifestation of Political Economy in Indonesia
1. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2018
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 20
American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR)
e-ISSN : 2378-703X
Volume-02, Issue-07, pp-20-24
www.ajhssr.com
Research Paper Open Access
Budget Behavior and Corruption: An Manifestation of Political
Economy in Indonesia
Edy Suandi Hamid
Economic Development, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to describe the behavior as one form of political economy in
Indonesia. The study further analyzes the potential for budgetary behavior associated with corruption. The
analysis basically focuses on analytical descriptive analysis. Using such methods, it can provide information
about the relationship between political economy, budgetary behavior, and relations with corruption in
Indonesia. The conclusion of the study is that the Indonesian economy is strongly influenced by political
circumstances and forces. With the current budgeting system, the Indonesian economy will always be at great
risk to abuse of power and corruption.
KEYWORDS : political economy, budget behavior, corruption
I. INTRODUCTION
Since independence, Indonesia has a different tendency in embracing the economic system. Such trends
certainly have an impact on the character formation of the Indonesian economy. In accordance with the existing
history, the characters are different for each era (Hamid, 2017). With an egalitarian character and executive
heavy, the New Order government has such strong political and economic power. The legislative role is then
like only a formality. The executive power that was so great during the New Order era disappeared during the
reform era. The shift that precedes the democratic euphoria further diverts the power to the legislature
(legislative heavy). The situation is certainly a big impact on the political and economic Indonesia. One
enormous economic impact is the legislative power in determining and overseeing the budget. The situation
occurs from the central government level to the local government. The government often faces difficulties in
discussing the Draft State Budget (RAPBN) and Draft Regional Budget (RAPBD). The difficulty is mainly
about the conclusions of the RAPBN and RAPBD contents. Sometimes the determination is done at a time very
close to the current year.
Another major change is the mechanism of the decentralization process. Decentralization over the last few
decades is an important and crucial topic for developing countries, including Indonesia (Hadiz, 2004, p. 697).
Although Indonesia's economic substance is shaped by the same elements as those of a mixed economy, the
facts are that there are always inseparable aspects. The development of decentralization today makes the
direction of budgeting more and more mixed with politics.
The process of budgeting both at the national and regional levels becomes more stringent and complex. The
strength of politics through the legislative power certainly brings another risk, namely the possibility of
transactional politics. There is a possibility in which the legislature incorporates the interests of the faction in the
preparation of the budget. This of course will result in the community either directly or indirectly. Not only that,
such political economy can also lead to greater corruption opportunities. Closely related to the economy with
politics, especially budget issues. It is therefore very important to describe the political economy and budget
behavior that exist in Indonesia.
II. LITERATURE STUDY
Since changing direction towards decentralization, which form the political economy of Indonesia also
change. The direction of development seeks to be manipulated through improved health, education and
employment. Although decentralization is the best option that Indonesia has, it does not mean the
decentralization does not pose a potential problem. Goldsmith in 1997 conducted a study entitled Economic
Rights and Government in Developing Countries: Cross-National Evidence on Growth and Development. In his
research, Goldsmith revealed that economic democracy greatly affects the prosperity of the people.
Decentralization has no relationship to the index of economic freedom.
2. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2017
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 21
The government needs to be careful when run the socio-economy with decentralization. Many developing
countries fail to enforce the law to secure the economy, and that is why economic democracy cannot affect
welfare. Hadiz in 2004 published a study entitled Decentralization and Democracy in Indonesia: a Critique of
Neo-Institutionalist Perspectives. Hadiz found that the process of decentralization was too great and was heavily
influenced by the interests and benefits of local governments. It is characterized by a very low scale of
transparency and an inadequate accountability side. Economic democratization to realize a just economy is still
not seen in Indonesia.
Other studies have also found the same thing. Although the focus of the study is slightly narrower -
however- Kurniawan, Harbianto, Marthias, & Purwaningrum, in 2012 found that budget policy in Papua
province cannot improve the quality of public health. Interestingly, they mentioned that it might happen in other
region of Indonesia.
Other studies reveal similar conclusions. Lewis (2016), reveals that the portion of the budget organized
provinces without significant input from the district would cause negative effects. Several other studies are
conducted by, Baker, (2015); Goldsmith (1995); Kristiansen, Dwiyanto, Pramusinto, & Putranto, (2008), have a
paradigmatic conclusion- although not exactly same-that budget transparency is still a problem that can lead to
corruption.
For a developing country like Indonesia, the behavior of the budget as a manifestation of a democratic-
based political economy still has potential big problems. The close connection between the behavior of the
budget since the enactment of decentralization and the act of abuse of power is very common in many cases.
III. METHODOLOGY
The analysis basically focuses on analytical descriptive analysis. A qualitative approach is expected to
provide a specific picture of the urgency of the relationship between budgetary behavior, and corruption, and
their relationship with Indonesia's political economy. Descriptive analysis provides a wide range of possibilities
for the discussion. This type of qualitative research is purposely used to produce a more in-depth and more
independent discussion. Descriptive analysis with in-depth discussion is expected to provide a clear picture of
the actual situation occurred.
IV. DISCUSSION
a. BUDGET AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR IN INDONESIA
Political Economics is a theory to understand the link between economy and politics. This science is very
useful to clarify public policy and business environment (Goldsmith, Arthur A, 1990). In looking at Indonesia's
current economy, it is very difficult to separate politics from analysis. Macroeconomic analysis, especially State
Budget Expenditure Budget can no longer be separated from political interruption.
As mentioned earlier, changes in the direction of economic democratization have lead to legislative heavy.
For the planning of the budget itself, as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution article 23 verse 2 it is explained that
the House of Representatives has the power to discuss the budget. In the next paragraph the government can use
the budget last year if the proposed budget is not approved by the House of Representatives.
based on the 1945 Constitution then established Law number 17 of 2003 on state finances. In the legislation it is
rearranged the role and function of legislative in terms of budgeting. In this Act visible strength of the legislative
role in the role of determining the budget. The legislative role has been described in chapters 13 to 15. From
these articles it can be concluded that the House of Representatives as a representation of the people themselves
has as much power as the executive to determine the budget.
The great power in budget behavior that is put on one side is very risky to cause problems (Baker, 2015). In
the Indonesian context, this is has a very high probability. In a legislative body composed of various factions,
has an interest on the basis of its own fraction. Ultimately, those interests will affect the opinion in determining
the budget. In the concept of political economy, a policy may be made for the interest of a vested interest group
that usually has a position close to the vested interest model. An economic policy is created as a result of
pressure by interest groups. Thus, a policy depends on the costs and benefits of the interest group.
At the time of the planning process the legislature has a great opportunity to intervene in accordance with
its interests (Yuhertiana, Pranoto, & Priono, 2015). It is very possible because of the interaction between the
executive and the legislature. In addition, there is an opportunity to ratify the budget proposal from the
executive. Political interest is very influential in the process. A very likely undertaking is to include a large
project proposal that benefits the nearest party.
3. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2017
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 22
b. BUDGETING BEHAVIOUR AND CORRUPTION
If such deviant behavior continues to be allowed, it will generate political power in the context of economic
monopoly (Tolentino, 2010). Power is defined as an industry. The form of the political industry can be easily
seen from the massive corruption practices that occur in the political sphere and involve politicians. With
industrial logic, power holders are racing to produce 'profit' taken from the public budget to cover political
'capital' that has been used as an initial 'investment' before becoming a public official and a power holder. Not
only that, the character of the industry that feels more comfortable and secure with the form of a market that
'monopolist' was also adopted. All these things give rise to enrichment, cronies, friends, colleagues, and
ideological friends. The aim is none other than to ensure the sustainability of the political 'industry' itself. As a
result corruption occurs in congregation and chain.
Unlike the political economy in the budgeting process, the behavioral aberrations in the budget realization
process are much deeper and more concrete. The deviation of budget behavior at this stage is not only
manifested in corrupt behavior, but also in other forms. Politically, the ruling authority has the authority to use
the budget. Such use is sometimes also influenced by the interests of powerful political forces. The budget
policy also leads to the benefit of the vested interest group, so policy is made on the group's "cost-benefit",
which of course, it’s packed with populist language like "for people's prosperity".
The corruption occurring in Indonesia is shown in the table below. There is an increase in corruption cases
in all cases. Of the total, the execution of corruption cases increased from 38 to 81 in 2016. This indicates an
increase in the performance of the KPK. But on the other hand, there is the fact that it turns out the corruption
case is not reduced but it increases. One indication of why this happens is the process of using the budget which
for some people is still considered easy to manipulate.
In fact, executive performance judged by budget absorption does give the rest of the problems. If the
executive does not absorb the budget it is considered unworkable. In fact, working and not working is a matter
of efficiency and priority scale. This then causes the use of the budget to be increased and subsequently causes
the budget discipline to begin to decrease.
Table 1. Indonesian Corruption cases
Case Count
2015 2016
Investigation 87 96
Investigation 57 99
Prosecution 62 76
Inkracht 37 70
Execution 38 81
Source: Annual Report, Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi Indonesia.
The state if it can not disclose corruption cases will be left behind in public confidence (Kenny, 2009).
Indonesia as seen in Figure 1 still lags behind some of the neighboring countries of the problem of handling
corruption. This is evident from the Corruption Perceptions Index score. The value of Indonesia's corruption
perception index still shows low corruption prevention. The index is never more than 4 points. Meanwhile, if
compared to some neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Singapore, of course the value of Indonesia is
still far below.
The data show that public confidence in the government that the government is far from corruption is still
very small. This is very much related to the handling of corruption itself. Therefore, to restore public
confidence, need to solve the problem of corruption to the root. If not, then the government will lose public
trust.
The practice of corruption is also increasingly fertile in the Region. According to ICW Data, in the period
2010 to 2014, there are at least 182 regional heads who have become suspects. In 2015 and 2016, heads of
regions involved in corruption actually increased to 361 regional heads. In 2017 alone there are 98 heads of
regions involved in corruption cases. This indicates that budget misuse in the regions has been very serious and
this abuse is no longer only in the center, and causes a lot of state money losses. Whereas the provision of
regional autonomy is expected to reduce corruption because the community control on the distance budget users
become closer.
4. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2017
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 23
Figure 1. Corruption Perceptions Index of Indonesia and some neighboring countries
Source: Transparency International.
Corruption seems to have been considered normal. It’s as a result of power has been interpreted to be
"industry". This can be seen from the actors who seek power in the executive, legislative, even in the judiciary.
They are willing to spend money or sacrifice anything, including self-esteem to gain power. With power as an
industry, then what is produced or produced is profit. To gain profit then must side with the strong or the rich.
This is the product of capitalism of power. With the servitude of power, it is not surprising that so many
"pilgrims" of the legislature, executives such as regional heads, as well as in the judiciary are concerned with the
problem of "abuse of power", abuse of power related to self-enriching practices.
c. THE EFFECT OF ABNORMAL BUDGETING BEHAVIORS
The various budget behaviors that have been described in the deviation certainly have an impact for the
government. The greatest impact is on the limitations of the government in the present to demonstrate its ability
to build a sustainable economy for the purpose of achieving people's welfare.
The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) project, which annually examines governance indicators
indicates that the Reformasi era with the spirit of democratization has not yielded maximum results. In the data
presented, the democratization of the economy is indeed increasing during the reform era. Nevertheless, the
government control index actually experienced a downward trend. This shows that democracy alone does not
guarantee the establishment of good governance, including with budgetary behavior, reflected by the
unchanging index of corruption.
Figure 2. Indonesia’s Democration Indeks
Source: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/
3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.7
9.2
8.7 8.6 8.4 8.5 8.4 8.4
4.3
4.9 5 5.2 5 4.9 4.7
3.4
3.7 3.5
3.8 3.8
3.5 3.7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Indo Singapore Malaysia Thailand
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
VoA -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.15
-0.50
-0.40
-0.30
-0.20
-0.10
0.00
0.10
0.20
VoA
5. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2017
A J H S S R J o u r n a l P a g e | 24
Under such conditions, the use of budget is strongly influenced by political interests and content. When the
state is in poor regulatory quality, and its rule of law is also low, and control of corruption is still not
maximized, then the space is very open for abuse of power behind the figures on the fiscal government. Thus, it
is easy to read that raising or abolishing fuel subsidies, raising or lowering the tax rate, distributing equity funds,
including special autonomy funds, is laden with ruling political considerations and interests.
In such conditions, it is not easy to straighten out budgetary ac- accountability in order to make the budget
effective and efficient. Political pressures through existing networks in the executive, legislative, and even
judiciary will greatly influence the process of budget preparation and implementation, as illustrated in the policy
formation process chart above. Various interests enter and can divert the calculated budget draft to carry out
activities effectively and efficiently. But this is not something that cannot be fixed. With the involvement of
widespread public control and social sanction afforded by the public to officials or political forces abusing
power, budgetary acumen deviating from its best path can be minimized at least.
V. CONCLUSION
From the discussion it can be concluded that the Indonesian economy is a very large economy influenced
by the political situation. With the current budgeting system, the Indonesian economy will always be at great
risk to abuse of power and corruption. The macroeconomic conditions also cannot significantly improve as long
as the role and political influence is still very large on the economy.
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