This document discusses various topics related to food including the definition of food, nutrition, food adulteration, food standards, food borne diseases, and food laws in Bangladesh. It defines food as any substance consumed to meet the body's nutritional needs. It notes that quality food is produced according to proper specifications and standards. Food adulteration occurs when unsafe substances are added to food lowering its quality and posing health risks. Prevention of food borne diseases requires maintaining hygienic conditions during production, storage, and distribution of food. Various laws in Bangladesh regulate the food industry and prohibit food adulteration.

1. 1
gvbm¤§Z Lv`¨
I
Lv`¨ AvBb
W. ‡gv: bwRi Avn¤§` wgqv
mnKvix cwiPvjK(wmGg),
weGmwUAvB

2. 2
Lv`¨ (Food)
gvby‡li †`‡ni PvwjKv kw³i Rb¨ Pvwn`v
wgUv‡Z gy‡L †h mKj `ªe¨ MÖnY ev cvb K‡i
Zv‡K, Lv`¨ e‡j| †`‡ni GB kw³ fvZ, gvQ, gvsm,
wWg, `ya, mewR, dj, ‰Zj I wPwb Gme Lv`¨
†_‡K cvIqv hvq| g~j K_v †hme Lv`¨ `ªe¨ MÖnY
Ki‡j †`‡ni MVb, e„w× mvab, Kg©kw³ Drcv`b I
†ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„w× cvq Ges †`n my¯’
_v‡K Zv‡KB Lv`¨ e‡j|

3. 3
gvbm¤§Z Lv`¨ (Quality food
c‡Y¨i ‡¯úwmwd‡Kkb ev gvb
(Specification or Standard)
Abyhvqx h_vh_ KuvPvgvj e¨envi
K‡i mwVK cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j
†fv³vi Pvwn`vgZ ev wbw`©ó
wWRvB‡bi †h Lv`¨cY¨ ‰Zwi I
msi¶Y Kiv nq, Zv‡K gvbm¤§Z
Lv`¨ e‡j| Lv†`¨ gvÎv AwZwi³
wcÖRvi‡fwUf, wbgœgv‡bi
KuvPvgvj Ges dzW‡MÖW bq
Ggb is e¨envi wbwl×| Bnv c‡Y¨i
¸YMZgvb I weï×Zv bó K‡i d‡j
cY¨ wba©vwiZgv‡bi mgchv©‡q
_v‡K bv| Amy¯’¨ cÖvbx †_‡K

4. 4
gvb (Standard)
c‡Y¨i gvb GKwU KvwiMwi WKz‡g›U/MvBW hv‡Z c‡Y¨i
msÁv, ‡¯úwmwd‡Kkb, m¨v¤úwjs, cix¶vi c×wZMZ w`K
wb‡`©kbv Av‡Q| RvZxq gvb KwgwU‡Z i‡q‡Qb
Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZwbwa, wek¦we`¨vjq I
M‡elYv BÝwUwUDU n‡Z we‡klÁMY|
evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii RvZxq gvb cÖbqYKvix cÖwZôvb
weGmwUAvB (evsjv‡`k ó¨vÛvW©m GÛ †Uwós
BÝwUwUDkb) G hveZ cÖvq 2200 gvb cÖbqY K‡i‡Q|
G‡`i g‡a¨ 59 wU Lv`¨cY¨‡K eva¨Zvg~jK mvwU©wd‡KU
Ae gvK©m& Gi AvIqZvq Avbqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cvDiæwU Gi evsjv‡`k gvb-382:2001 (BDS-382:2001),
we¯‹zU Gi Rb¨ BDS-383:2001 myBUwgU (im‡Mvj­v,
PgPg, Kv‡jvRvg, m‡›`k, ¯úÄ im‡Mvjøv, imgvjvB, gÛv,
jvj‡gvnb, Gi Rb¨ BDS-1309:2007

5. 5
cywó (Nutrition)
‡h cÖKv‡ii Lv`¨ e¯‘ AvniY Kivi ci cwic° I cwi‡kvwaZ nq c‡i
wewfbœ †Kv‡l Qwo‡q c‡o Ges ‡`‡ni e„w×, ¶qc~iY,
Kg©kw³ Drcv`b I †ivM cÖwZ‡iva evov‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Bnv
†`‡ni Af¨š—‡i GKwU ‰RweK kw³ cÖwµqv Lv‡`¨i mv‡_
cywói m¤úK© wbweo| Lv`¨ ‰Zwi I MÖn‡Yi c×wZ Rvbv
_vK‡j Kg Li‡PI cywóKi Lv‡`¨i Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv m¤¢e|

6. 6
Lv‡`¨ †fRvj (Food Adulteration)
‡fRvj Lv`¨ ej‡Z weï× Lv‡`¨i mv‡_ Ggb
†Kvb `ªe¨ (Lv`¨ ev cvbxq wn‡m‡e)
wgkªY NUv‡bv‡K eySvq, hv‡Z
Abyi“c Lv`¨ ev cvbxq ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨
¶wZKi nq| H ¶wZKi `ªe¨‡K Lv‡`¨i
†fRvj (Food Adulterant) e‡j| †fRv‡ji
Kvi‡Y Lv‡`¨i ¸Yv¸Y bó nq I †fv³v
mvaviY we‡µZvi KvQ †_‡K mwVK
gv‡bi Lv`¨ †_‡K ewÂZ nq|
hw` †Kvb Lv`¨ A¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡e‡k
ˆZwi, †c‡KwRs Kiv nq Z‡e †mUv
`~wlZ n‡q ¯^v†¯’¨i Rb¨ ¶wZKi n‡Z
cv‡i| AvswkK ev m¤ú~Y©i“‡c cPuv,
evwm, `yMÜhy³, †cvKvhy³ Lv`¨
¯^v¯’¨nvwbKi| Lv‡`¨ †fRvjKvix‡`i Rb¨
Ges wbgœgv‡bi Lv`¨cY¨ Drcv`b ev

7. 7
wbivc` Lv`¨ (Safe Food)
¶zavi mgq Lv`¨ I cY¨ MÖnb Kievi ci hw` Avgv‡`i kvwiixK
my¯’¨Zv AUzU _v‡K, †c‡Ui ev kvwiixK Amy¯’¨Zv m„wó
bv nq Z‡e H mKj Lv`¨‡K wbivc` Lv`¨ e‡j| ¯^v¯’¨ m¤§Z
cwi‡e‡k ¶wZKi `ªe¨ m¤ú~b© cwiZ¨vM K‡i
Rxevbygy³fv‡e wbivc` Lv`¨ ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e| hw` †Kvb
Lv`¨ A¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡e‡k ‰Zwi c¨v‡KwRs Kiv nq Z‡e
†mUv `ywlZ n‡q ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ¶wZKi n‡Z cv‡i| AvswkK
ev m¤ú~b© fv‡e cPuv-evwm, `yiMÜhy³, †cvKvhy³ Lv`¨
¯^v¯’¨nvwbKi|
gvbm¤§Z I wbivc` (Quality and Safe Food) Lv`¨ ‰Zix
AvR AwZ Ri“ix wek¦e¨vcx RbM‡bi Lv`¨ m‡PZbZv m„wó
n‡q‡Q| e¨emv †¶‡Î mdjZv Avb‡Z mKj Drcv`bKvix‡K
gvbm¤§Z I wbivc` Lv`¨ ˆZix‡Z †mv”Pvi n‡Z n‡e| bB‡j
†fv³vmvavib Drcv`bKvixi cY¨ MÖnb n‡Z weiZ †_‡KB eo
kvw¯— w`‡Z cv‡i|

8. Lv`¨ evwnZ †ivM (Food Brone
Disease)
‡iv‡Mi DrcwË A‡bK Kvi‡Y n‡Z cv‡i †hgb -
`~wlZ cwi‡ek, `~wlZ cvwb, RxevYyyhy³ Lv`¨|
 `~wlZ cwi‡ek t
`~wlZ I m¨uvZ‡mu‡Z cwi‡ek †_‡K m¨vj‡gv‡bjv,
KgcvB‡jv, e¨vK‡Uwiqv, dvsMvm BZ¨vw` Lv‡`¨
cÖ‡ek K‡i| M„‡n, †nv‡Uj-†i‡¯u—viv‡Z, Lv`¨
wk‡í cY¨ Drcv`‡bi mgq hvnv‡Z Lv`¨ RxevYy
Øviv K›Uvwg‡b›U bv nq ‡m Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi
cÖavb‡K cv‡mv©bvj nvBwRb I KviLvbv‡Z
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cwi‡ek wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

9. Lv`¨ evwnZ †ivM (Food Brone
Disease)
`~wlZ cvwbt
 mvaviYZ `~wlZ cvwb‡Z UvBd‡qW, Wvqwiqv,
K‡jiv, †ncvUvBwUR A¨vwgwfqvm, Kwjdig
cÖf„wZ RxevYy _v‡K| KviLvbv/Drcv`b ¯’‡j weï× /
wbivc` cvwb e¨e¯’v bv _vK‡j H me RxevYy Øviv
†fv³v Avµvš— n‡e|

10. Lv`¨ evwnZ †ivM (Food Brone
Disease)
RxevYyevwnZ Lv`¨t
 A‡bK †¶‡Î Amy¯’¨ cÖvYx †_‡K
`ya msMÖn Kiv nq| D³ `y‡a
Gw›UevqwUK mn wewfbœ
RxevY~ _vK‡Z cv‡i| `y‡a
digvwjb _vK‡Z cv‡i| †Lvjv Lvevi
Bu`yi, weovj, gvwQ, †Zjv‡cvKv,
ev Ab¨vb¨ cZ½ Øviv `~wlZ n‡Z
cv‡i| Amy¯’¨Kgx© (mw`©, Kvwk,
Pg©‡ivM, n¨vucvbx †iv‡M Avµvš
—) Øviv Lv`¨ ‰Zwi/ cwi‡ek‡b
Lv‡`¨ RxevYyhy³ n‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK
†¶‡Î wbivc` Lv`¨ cwi‡ek‡Ki

11. Lv`¨ evwnZ †ivM cÖwZ‡iva (Prevention
of Food Borne Disease)
 fvjdj, Lv`¨, cvbxq `ªe¨ ev ivbœvKiv Lv`¨‡K cuPv
dj, evwm Lv`¨, `~wlZ cvwb Ges KvPuv Lvevi
†_‡K Ab¨Î ¯’v‡b ¯^Zš¿xKiY (Quarantine)|
 cv‡m©v‡bj nvBwRb ev Rb¯^v¯’¨ g~jK wk¶v
wel‡q cÖwk¶Y`vb Ges †g‡b Pjv|
 Lv`¨ `ªe¨ ˆZwi I msi¶‡Yi ¯’vb cwi®‹viKiY I RxevYy
bvkK KiY|
 Amy¯’¨Kgx©‡K Kv‡R wbhy³ bv Kiv|
 gvsm, `ya, wWg mwVK fv‡e KzwKs Kiv|
 weï× cvwbi e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv|
 mwVK ZvcgvÎvq Lv`¨ msi¶Y Kiv|

12. 12
Lv‡`¨ †fRvjKvix, wbgœgv‡bi cY¨ Drcv`b ev mieivn Ges IR‡b
KviPzwci Rb¨ i‡q‡Q kvw¯—i weavb|
evsjv‡`‡k Lv`¨ msµvš— AvBb (Food Law) evsjv‡`k weïØ Lv`¨ i“jm-1967
 we‡kl ¶gZv AvBb- 1974, (1978 mv‡j ms‡kvwaZ)
 Lv`¨ km¨ mieivn Aa¨v‡`k -1956
 ‡ZRwµqZv wbqš¿b AvBb-1987
 Av‡qvwWb NvUwZ AvBb-1989
 AZ¨vek¨Kxq `ªe¨vw` AvBb-1990
 grm¨ I grm¨ `ªe¨ AvBb-1997
 evsjv‡`k weï× Lv`¨ Aa¨v‡`k -1959 Ges (ms‡kvab) G¨v±
2005
 evsjv‡`k ó¨vÛvW©m GÛ †Uwós BÝwUwUDkb Aa¨v‡`k -1985 Ges
(ms‡kvab) G¨v± ,2003
 XvKv wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb Aa¨v‡`k, 1994
 w` ó¨vÛvW©m Ae I‡qUm GÛ ‡gRvm© G¨v±, 1982 Ges
(ms‡kvab) G¨v±, 2001
 cY¨ mvgMÖx †gvoKRvZKiY wewagvjv -2007
 ‡gvevBj †KvU© AvBb - 2009

13. wkí cY¨ (Industrial Product)
 wkí cY¨ ej‡Z KviLvbv ev †h †Kvb
wk‡í cÖ‡qvRbxq KvPvugvj
cÖwµqvRvZKi‡bi gva¨‡g bZzb wKQz
‰Zix Kiv I †fv³v mvavi‡bi e¨env‡ii
Dc‡hvMx Kiv‡K eySvq| Lv`¨cY¨
gvbm¤§Z, my¯^v`y , wbivc`, ¶wZKi
ivqmvqwbK c`v_© gy³ I c¨v‡_v‡RwbK
gvB‡µv AM©vwbRg gy³ n‡Z n‡e|

14. evsjv‡`‡k wZb †kªbxi Lv`¨ wkí
i‡q‡Qt
 e„nr wkí cY¨: Kve©‡b‡UW †efv‡iR, wgé I wgé
†cÖvWv±m, Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeb, d«zU Rym
BZ¨vw`|
 gvSvwi wkí cY¨: A‡Uv‡gwUK ev †mwg A‡Uv
†eªW I we¯‹zU d¨v±ix, wWªswKs IqvUvi, ‡i‡¯—
viv ,byWyjm, wPcm, gmjv BZ¨vw`|
 ¶z`ª wkí cY¨: †gKvwbK¨vj ev Kb‡fbkbvj
wm‡÷‡gi PvbvPzi, cvDi“wU, jv”Qv †mgvB,
we¯‹zU, †KK, mm, R¨vg, †Rjx BZ¨vw`| G‡`‡ki
A‡bK cÖwZôv‡bi Drcvw`Z we¯‹zU, gmjv, wN,
R¨vg, †Rjx, mm, gywo, gay, jv”Qv †mgvB
BZ¨vw` evsjv‡`‡ki gv‡bi cvkvcvwk Avš—
©RvwZK gvb mb` (BSTI, HACCP, ISO-22000)

15. gvbm¤§Z I wbivc` Lv`¨ e¨e¯’vcbv
(Quality and Safe Food Management)
KvPuvgvj Ges c‡Y¨i
gvbwbqš¿b e¨e¯’v _vKv|
Lv‡`¨ ¶wZKviK (Hazard)
c`v_© Aek¨B MÖnb‡hvM¨
gvÎvi wb‡P wbwðZ Kiv
n‡e|
cÖwZôv‡bi cY¨ Drcv`‡bi
Rb¨ wbR¯^ MvBWjvBb ev
g¨vbyqvj ˆZix Kiv|
cÖ‡qvRbxq
RvZxqgvb/Avš—

16. D‡Ïk¨:
 evsjv‡`k gv‡bi (mswk­ó we wW &Gm Gi
mgZyj¨) cY¨ ˆZix I evRviRvZ KiY|
 ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cwi‡e‡k wbivc` Lv`¨cb¨ ˆZixKib,
weµq I weZib|
 ‡fv³v mvavi‡bi mšy—wó I AwaKvi msi¶b
(A_v©r †gqv` DËx©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ cb¨
evRvi †_‡K Zz‡j †bIqv Ges c¨v‡KU ev
†gvo‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ D‡j­L Kiv)
 we Gm wU AvB Aa¨v‡`k, wW wm wm G¨v±
I evsjv‡`k weï× Lv`¨ AvBb Ges
dzWmsK&ªvš— †i¸‡jkb †g‡b Pjv|
D‡Ïk¨ (Policy)

17. j¶¨:
 ‡fv³v mvavi‡bi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wewfbœ
†ewKs Lv`¨ cY¨ mieivn I Drcv`‡b mvg_©
AR©b
 evRviRvZKi‡Y bZyb †KŠkj m„wó|
 cÖwk¶‡bi gva¨‡g Drcv`b Kgx©‡`i Ávb I
`¶Zv e„w×
 ‡`kxq gv‡bi cvkvcvwk Avš—R©vwZK gvb
mb` (ISO, HACCP) MÖn‡bi †hvM¨Zv
m„wó|
j¶¨ (Objective)

18. KviLvbvi KvVv‡gv (Structure )
 chv©ß ¯’vb, hš¿cvwZ, msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v
_vKv|
 ch©vß cvwb e¨env‡ii my‡hvM I
‡gBb‡U‡m‡Ýi e¨e¯’v _vKv|
 gkv, gvwQ, †cvKv, Bu`yi, cvLx, cÖ‡ek
cÖwZ‡iva g~jK e¨e¯’v wbwðZ KiY|
 chv©ß jvBwUs Ges †fw›U‡jkb myweav
_vKv|
 Iqvj gm„b Ges nvjKv is‡qi †cB›U Ki‡Z n‡e|
 cÖ‡mwms Gi Rb¨ chv©ß ¯’vb |
 ‡d¬vi, Iqvj mn‡R cwi¯‹vi Kivi Dc‡hvMx

19. KviLvbvi KvVv‡gv (Structure)
 KvPuvgv‡ji ‡MvWvDb, wgw·s, cÖ‡mwms,
KvwU©s / †ewKs, c¨v‡KwRs Ges wdwbm
†cÖvWv±m (Drcv`b) Gi Rb¨ c„_K c„_K &Gwiqv
_vKv |
 ev&B‡ii mv‡_ cÖ‡mwms / Drcv`b Gwiqv‡K
mivmwi cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM bv _vKv|
 chv©ß jvBwUs myweav|
 cÖ‡qvRbxq †fw›U‡jkb myweav I Rvwj †bU hy³
Rvbvjv|
 gvwQ, †Zjv‡cvKv, Bu`yi BZ¨vw`i cÖ‡ek
cÖwZ‡ivaK e¨e¯’v|

20. KviLvbv KvVv‡gv (Structure of Factory)
 gm„b ev mn‡R cwi®‹vi †hvM¨ †d¬vi n‡Z
n‡e|
 ayqv wbMg©‡Yi e¨e¯’v _vKv|
 ‡`qvj, †d¬vi mn‡R cwi®‹vi †hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e|
 eR©¨ wbM©gb Ges †Wª‡bR e¨e¯’v _vKv
(cÖ‡qvR‡b wfbœ †MU/ `iRv e¨envi Kiv)|
 cÖ‡mwms /KzwKs BDwb‡Ui mv‡_ Uq‡jU
ivLv hv‡e bv|
 PvgP, ev‡KU, wWm, K‡›UBbvi, †c­U I M­

21. cvk¦©eZx© GjvKv
(Surrounding area)
 ayjvevwj gy³|
 `yM©Ü gy³|
 eR¨© I cq:wb¯‹vkb e¨e¯’v _vKv|

22. Flow Chart
KvPuvgv‡ji
msi¶bvMvi
Awdm/mvwf©m/wWm
-‡c­ ‰Zix gv‡ji msi¶bvMvi/
weZiY
Drcv`b /cÖ‡mwms/KzwKs
c¨v‡KwRs Kgx©‡`i ‡Wªm †PbR i“g
Iqvw©ks †P¤^vi Uq‡jU/ev_iyg
‡c­U / cvÎ /‡Uª / QvuPv/WvBm

23. BbKvwgs ¸Wm (Incoming Goods)
 cvwb, mKj KvPuvgvj, mswk­ó evsjv‡`k
gv‡bi (wewWGm ) n‡Z n‡e|
 ¶wZKi ivmvqwbK c`v_©
(G¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK, †cw÷mvBWm, †nwf
†gUvj, AvdjvUKwmb) gy³ n‡Z n‡e|
 Ab¨ ¶wZKi `ª‡e¨i mv‡_ K›Uvwg‡bkb gy³|
 c¨v‡KwRs `ªe¨vw` dyW †MÖW n‡Z n‡e
(cÖ‡qvR‡b mvc­vBqvi †_‡K mb` MÖnb
Ki‡Z n‡e)
 dzW GwWwUfm (is, †d¬fvi, wcÖRvi‡fwUf)
mg~n dzW †MÖW (Avš—R©vwZK †KvW

24. ‡÷v‡iR (Storage)
 mwVKfv‡e cwi¯‹vi Kiv|
 A‡c¶vK…Z ﯋ I Kg ZvcgvÎv wbwðZ Kiv|
 AcÖ‡qvRbxq †jv‡Ki cÖ‡ek wbwl× Kiv |
 `iRv eÜ ivLv|
 ﯋ I wfRv KvPuvgvj c„_Kfv‡e ivLv|
 KvPuvgvj mg~n †d¬vi †_‡K DPz‡Z Ges ‡`qvj
†_‡K Kgc‡¶ 6 Bw `y‡i Kvu‡Vi †c­‡Ui Dci
msi¶b Kiv|
 cÖ‡Z¨K KvPuvgv†ji †j‡ewjs / gvwK©s Kiv|
 wd‡dv (FIFO) wm‡÷‡g e¨envi Kiv|

25. Rbej I Zv‡`i ¯^v¯’¨ (Personal
Hygiene):
 mswk­ó Kv‡Ri Dc‡hvMx I `¶ n‡Z n‡e|
 KviLvbvi cwi¯‹vi †cvkvK cwiavb Ki‡Z n‡e |
 Lvivc Af¨vm (†hLv‡b †mLv‡b _y_y †djv,
Mv PzjKv‡bv BZ¨vw`) cwiZ¨vM Kiv|
 mw`©, Kvwk, Pg©‡ivM, nuvcvbx, h¶v
†ivM enbKvix Kgx©‡K KvR †_‡K weiZ
Kiv|
 cÖ‡qvR‡b †Mvmj, nvZ †avqvvi mvevb I
&G¨vw›U‡mcwUK e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv |

26. ‡gwkbvixR (Machineries and
Utensils)
 bb K‡ivwmf (Ae¶q gy³)
 mn‡R n¨v‡Ûwjs †hvM¨|
 K¨vwj‡eª‡UW (_v‡gv©wgUvi ev †MR
_v‡gv©wgUvi, †cÖmvi wgUvi, e¨v‡jÝ, I‡fb / Z›`yi
BZ¨vw`)|
 h_vh_ cwi¯‹vi ivLv|
 c¨v‡KwRs `ªe¨vw` cwi¯‹vi ivLv Ges K›Uvwg‡bkb
gy³ Kiv|
 ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Dcv‡q c¨v‡KwRs I wmwjs Kiv |
 ‡gwkb Acv‡ik‡b SOP(÷¨vÛvW© Acv‡ikb
cªwmwWDi) ‡g‡b Pjv |

27. cwi¯‹viKiY (Cleaning Facilities)
 chv©ß wbivc` cvwb mvc­vB I Iqvwks
myweav _vKv|
 KviLvbvi eR©¨ h_vmg‡q Acmvib Kiv |
 ‡d¬vi, †gwkbvixR, Uq‡jU cwi¯‹vi Kiv
(wK¬wbs `ªe¨- wjKzBW †mvc,
wWUvi‡R›U, we­wPs cvDWvi, Mig cvwb,
3% Kw÷K, 3% nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK GwmW)
|
 nvZ †avqvi Rb¨ Rxevbygy³ Ki‡Z 5 wcwc

28. c¨v‡KwRs , †j‡ej I gvwK©s (Packaging, Labeling and
Marking)
 c‡Y¨i bvg eªvÛ Dcv`vb Drcv`bKvixi bvg I
cÖwZôv‡bi wVKvbv _vKv|
 IRb, g~j¨, Drcv`b ZvwiL, †gqv` DËxY©
ZvwiL, e¨vP b¤^i _vKv (cÖ‡qvR‡b) |
 ÷¨vÛvW© gvK© ev gvb wPý e¨venvi Kiv
(cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î)|
 dzW‡MÖW c¨v‡KwRs `ªe¨vw` (hv cwi‡ek
AvB‡b Aciva bq)|

29. ‡fwiwd‡Kkb Ges †Uwós
myweav:
 j¨ve cix¶vi e¨e¯’v Chemist /Analyses
_vK‡Z n‡e|
 ‡Uó wi‡cv©U †iKW© wKwcs _vK‡Z n‡e|
 h_vh_ hš¿cvwZ _vK‡Z n‡e|
 wi‡q‡R›U I BÝUªy‡g›U K¨vwj‡eªkb
(Calibration) Ki‡Z n‡e|
 ‡mvqve †Uó (Swab Test)
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31. Thank You
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