The document discusses the challenges of implementing the Bologna Process across participating European countries. It aims to create easily readable and comparable degrees by establishing a three-cycle system of Bachelor's, Master's and Doctoral degrees. This increases diversity as academic and professional programs cooperate and credit transfer is possible between phases. Implementation issues include the organizational impacts of increased diversity and the need for transparency and flexibility in program contents, scheduling, and location. Stakeholders involved in the changes include students, staff, administration, governments, sponsors and alumni. Financial implications involve the costs of increased diversity and flexibility as well as potential new revenue sources. Governance of universities must also adapt to the changing context.

1. Bologna:
Implementing Change
Michael Dooms
Rosette S’Jegers
15 april 2008 Herhaling titel van presentatie 1

2. The problem/challenge

3. Bologna: Implementing Change
Easily readable and comparable degrees
across participating countries
Bachelor 2 types
or
3 Cycles Master - academic
or
Doctoral - professional

4. Bologna: Implementing Change
Increasing diversity of in-take because of
- cooperation between academic and professional
programs
- wider access and credit transfer in all phases of
the 3 cycles
-(inter)national exchange especially in English
taught programs at master and doctoral level

5. Implementation issues

6. Bologna: Implementing Change
Organisational impact of diversity
Need for transparency and multidimensional
flexibility:
- contents and quality
- time/timing
- location

7. Bologna: Implementing Change
Flexibility in contents
Exchange involves mutual understanding, insight
and respect with regard to (1) learning patterns
(curriculum development) and (2) learning
outcomes (degrees):
- access to information (databases related to curricula and
facilities)
- quality assurance and standards
- acceptance of former qualifications (credit transfer)
- agreements of understanding and development of joint and
double degrees
- transfer and preparatory programs

8. Bologna: Implementing Change
Time dimension of flexibility
In order to promote access across institutions and
programs, the academic calendar and scheduling is
of outmost importance
- division of the academic year in mutually
independent semesters
- subdivision of semesters in modules related
to well defined and coherent curriculum
packages

9. Bologna: Implementing Change
Location aspects of flexibility
Logistics related to mobility of staff and students at intra-
national and international level
- organisation of mutual access to programs and
campus
- facilitating and rewarding physical transfer
- development of alternatives or back-up of physical
mobility (tele-classing, virtual classrooms, etc. …)

10. Bologna: Implementing Change
Internal and external stakeholders involved
- students
- academic staff and curriculum developers
- administration:
registration/student facilities/personnel/
communication and promotors/etc. …
- government
- sponsors
- alumni
- other universities (competitors?)

11. Change projects reality...

12. Bologna: Implementing Change
Financial implications
- Cost of diversity and flexibility
- quality assurance
- coaching of students and staff
- promotion and communication
- mobility
- language barriers (development of “common
business language”)
- Revenues: linked to financial mechanisms

13. Bologna: Implementing Change
Financial mechanisms
- Government support (and rules) versus financial
autonomy
increase in competition
- for input and market share of students
- focus on productivity and results
in terms of learning outcome and output
(degrees)

14. Governance in universities

15. Bologna: Implementing Change
Governance in context of change
- decision levels and organisational
structure (empowerment of departments
versus centralisation)
- scale versus specialisation
- cooperation versus competition
- attraction and motivation of human
resources