The document discusses how the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) works to promote disaster risk reduction and resilience. It outlines several key activities:
1) UNECE sets binding rules and standards to contribute to more sustainable development that is resilient to disasters.
2) It promotes implementation of international risk management standards and tools.
3) Through various environmental treaties and programs, UNECE facilitates transboundary cooperation between countries to better prevent, prepare for, and respond to disasters.
4) UNECE also works to integrate disaster risk reduction into urban planning, housing, and land management policies to build more resilient communities.
Disaster Management System in India - Notes Pramoda Raj
1) Disasters can cause widespread damage and loss of life. The Sendai Framework provides priorities for disaster risk reduction including understanding risk, strengthening governance, investing in reduction, and enhancing preparedness.
2) Disaster management involves preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters to minimize impacts. It aims to make India resilient to disasters and reduce losses of life and assets.
3) International organizations like the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction coordinate global efforts in disaster risk reduction, with the Sendai Framework as the guiding document following the Hyogo Framework.
1. Disaster management in India involves coordinating response to natural and man-made disasters through administrative decisions and operational skills across national, state, and district levels.
2. The key institutions involved in disaster management are the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs), and District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs), along with response forces like the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
3. Disaster management follows four phases - prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery - to minimize loss of life and property from disasters through early warning systems, emergency response, and rebuilding in a resilient manner.
The document discusses natural disaster management in Iran. It notes that Iran is highly prone to various natural disasters, especially earthquakes, due to its location in a seismically active zone. Over 126,000 people have died in Iran from earthquakes since 1900. Disaster management in Iran is led by the Ministry of Interior and includes organizations for research, planning, coordination, and emergency response. However, challenges remain due to rapid urban growth, weak enforcement of building codes, and a lack of funding, which increases earthquake risks particularly in densely populated cities like Tehran.
Disaster is also sometimes described as a “catastrophic situation in which the normal pattern of life or eco-system has been disrupted and extraordinary emergency interventions are required to save and preserve lives and or the environment”.
The document discusses disaster management in India. It defines disaster and explains that disasters can completely disrupt daily life and emergency systems. It notes that climate change may increase extreme weather events. The document then outlines some of the major natural disasters that occur in India by region, and estimates their average annual impacts. It discusses India's exposure to various natural hazards. The document also describes India's disaster management system, including the roles of central and state governments and various response agencies. It provides an overview of India's disaster management policies, schemes, and external assistance practices.
This document provides an overview of disaster management in India. It defines key terms, outlines the institutional framework including the National Disaster Management Authority and State/District authorities. It describes the National Policy and Plan on Disaster Management, and roles of government and non-government actors. It also covers common natural disasters in India like floods, earthquakes and cyclones, providing examples of significant past events. The document aims to explain India's approach to mitigating, preparing for, responding to and recovering from natural disasters.
Disaster management guidelines by NDMAAnurag Kolte
This document outlines national guidelines for landslide and snow avalanche management in India. It identifies the Geological Survey of India as the nodal agency and discusses the goals of minimizing vulnerability and losses from landslides. The guidelines cover various areas such as hazard and risk assessment, research, public awareness, and emergency response. Key recommendations include developing an inventory of landslide incidents, hazard mapping, pilot projects to assess risk and stabilize slides, and increasing education and training on landslide management.
Disaster Management System in India - Notes Pramoda Raj
1) Disasters can cause widespread damage and loss of life. The Sendai Framework provides priorities for disaster risk reduction including understanding risk, strengthening governance, investing in reduction, and enhancing preparedness.
2) Disaster management involves preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters to minimize impacts. It aims to make India resilient to disasters and reduce losses of life and assets.
3) International organizations like the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction coordinate global efforts in disaster risk reduction, with the Sendai Framework as the guiding document following the Hyogo Framework.
1. Disaster management in India involves coordinating response to natural and man-made disasters through administrative decisions and operational skills across national, state, and district levels.
2. The key institutions involved in disaster management are the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs), and District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs), along with response forces like the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
3. Disaster management follows four phases - prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery - to minimize loss of life and property from disasters through early warning systems, emergency response, and rebuilding in a resilient manner.
The document discusses natural disaster management in Iran. It notes that Iran is highly prone to various natural disasters, especially earthquakes, due to its location in a seismically active zone. Over 126,000 people have died in Iran from earthquakes since 1900. Disaster management in Iran is led by the Ministry of Interior and includes organizations for research, planning, coordination, and emergency response. However, challenges remain due to rapid urban growth, weak enforcement of building codes, and a lack of funding, which increases earthquake risks particularly in densely populated cities like Tehran.
Disaster is also sometimes described as a “catastrophic situation in which the normal pattern of life or eco-system has been disrupted and extraordinary emergency interventions are required to save and preserve lives and or the environment”.
The document discusses disaster management in India. It defines disaster and explains that disasters can completely disrupt daily life and emergency systems. It notes that climate change may increase extreme weather events. The document then outlines some of the major natural disasters that occur in India by region, and estimates their average annual impacts. It discusses India's exposure to various natural hazards. The document also describes India's disaster management system, including the roles of central and state governments and various response agencies. It provides an overview of India's disaster management policies, schemes, and external assistance practices.
This document provides an overview of disaster management in India. It defines key terms, outlines the institutional framework including the National Disaster Management Authority and State/District authorities. It describes the National Policy and Plan on Disaster Management, and roles of government and non-government actors. It also covers common natural disasters in India like floods, earthquakes and cyclones, providing examples of significant past events. The document aims to explain India's approach to mitigating, preparing for, responding to and recovering from natural disasters.
Disaster management guidelines by NDMAAnurag Kolte
This document outlines national guidelines for landslide and snow avalanche management in India. It identifies the Geological Survey of India as the nodal agency and discusses the goals of minimizing vulnerability and losses from landslides. The guidelines cover various areas such as hazard and risk assessment, research, public awareness, and emergency response. Key recommendations include developing an inventory of landslide incidents, hazard mapping, pilot projects to assess risk and stabilize slides, and increasing education and training on landslide management.
National Policy on Disaster management 2009Vishwa Sharma
The National Policy on Disaster Management 2009 outlines India's policy for reducing risks and losses from disasters. Key points:
1. The Disaster Management Act of 2009 provides the legal framework and establishes agencies like the National Disaster Management Authority and state and district authorities to oversee disaster management.
2. The policy focuses on prevention, mitigation and preparedness like evaluating infrastructure, training, and standard procedures.
3. It also covers disaster response, relief, rehabilitation, reconstruction, capacity building, knowledge management and technology to minimize losses from natural or man-made disasters.
Disaster risk reduction practices in bangladeshJahangir Alam
Bangladesh
DRR concept
Evolving Paradigms of DM
Actions and Strategies on DRR
Working with Community
Gaps, Concerns, Limitations & Challenges
Learning and Observation
Step Forward
DP ?New generation DRR Practitioner
GANDHI? Conclusion
Bangladesh:
B-Bay of Bengal
A- Agriculture
N-NGOs
G-Garments and GB
L-Land of Rivers
A-Adaptability
D-Disasters, DM, Democracy
E-Emergency
S-SAARC
H-High: Population growth, Vulnerabilities
European Policy for risk reduction in the EU coastal areasEmergency Live
The document discusses disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies in European coastal areas. Population growth and climate change are increasing risks in coastal regions. While preparedness and some mitigation measures have traditionally been used, increasing coastal development requires adjusting strategies to incorporate more prevention. Both technical and ecosystem-based solutions are feasible options to develop long-term DRR strategies. National strategies vary locally due to different historical, cultural, and socioeconomic factors.
The document provides an overview of India's disaster management framework. It discusses key concepts like definitions of disaster, objectives of management, relevant legislation and the Disaster Management Act of 2005. It also outlines the institutional framework for management including organizations like the National Disaster Management Authority, National Disaster Response Force, and roles of central, state and local governments as well as non-governmental organizations.
The document discusses disaster management in India. It defines a disaster as a catastrophic situation that disrupts normal life and requires emergency interventions. Disaster management involves preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery activities. India is highly disaster prone due to factors like its geography and climate. However, disaster management has not been a high priority and suffers from issues like a lack of coordination, inadequate resources and capacity, and a focus on relief over prevention. The document argues for a shifting paradigm that prioritizes prevention, community participation, sustainability, local knowledge, and building long-term resilience.
GLOBAL AND NATIONAL EVENTS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENTRavi Adhikari
Global and national events for disaster management discusses increasing losses from disasters due to factors like urbanization and population growth. While global efforts to manage disasters have increased, they have not kept pace with the rising frequency and severity of disasters. However, over the last 15 years, a new approach has emerged that focuses on proactive prevention and integrates disaster management into sustainable development. [National events for disaster management in India discuss the formation of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in 2005 to coordinate policy and response. The NDMA works with State authorities and aims to build a safer, resilient India through preparedness and mitigation. It is responsible for national policy, planning, and oversight. A National Executive Committee and the National Institute
1. The National Disaster Operation Centre (NDOC) was established in 1998 to coordinate disaster management in Kenya in response to adverse weather events and terrorist attacks.
2. NDOC monitors disasters 24/7, coordinates response efforts between government ministries and other stakeholders, and works to build national disaster preparedness and response capacity.
3. Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of disasters in Kenya through impacts like increased flooding, droughts, disease outbreaks, and damage to agriculture and biodiversity. NDOC plays a key role in national climate change adaptation efforts through its coordination of mitigation and response activities.
Strusture of disaster management in india State Disaster Management Authority National Disaster Management Authority Disaster Management Act
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
National Institute Of Disaster Management (NIDM)
The document discusses disaster management structures in India and other countries. It describes India's disaster management structure which includes the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) headed by the Prime Minister, and State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) headed by Chief Ministers. The NDMA aims to build a safer, disaster resilient India through holistic and proactive strategies. The document also provides brief overviews of disaster management structures in Japan, the US, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Canada.
This document is a project report submitted by Hemant Dhanraj Sonawane for his Masters in Commerce degree. It discusses disaster management, strategic alliances, and the corporate strategy of Mahindra Company. The report includes sections on disaster management organizations and emergency planning ideals in India, New Zealand, Canada, and Australia. It also discusses the phases of emergency management including prevention, mitigation, and recovery on personal and national levels. The report will analyze Mahindra's sales promotion strategy, strategic alliances, and corporate social responsibility practices.
This country report by an ADRC visiting researcher describes the status of Vietnam on Disaster Management. Vietnam is likely to be affected by windstorms, floods, epidemic, drought, insect infestation, slides and wild fires. Over the years Vietnam has taken several actions to deepen its efforts to reduce the disaster risks, by establishing a disaster management system and council, plan and policy, and implementing the Hyogo Framework.
Role of government in disaster management at central tam 2013-20Vijay Kumar
The document outlines the roles of central, state and district governments in disaster management in India. It discusses the nodal agencies responsible for different types of disasters, the Disaster Management Act of 2005 which established authorities at national, state and district levels, and the responsibilities of central and state governments in providing relief. It also describes funding mechanisms, mitigation measures, new directions for disaster management, and the specific roles of state and district administrations in relief operations and disaster response.
The document discusses frameworks for integrating climate change adaptation and disaster risk management in the Philippines. It outlines key policies and legislation established to mainstream these approaches into government and development planning from the national to local levels. Examples are provided of local government units that have implemented successful community-based adaptation and risk reduction projects, improving resilience to climate hazards.
The document discusses disaster management in India. It describes the key organizations that coordinate disaster response in India. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) was established in 2005 to coordinate response to natural and man-made disasters and build capacity for crisis response. The National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC), headed by the Cabinet Secretary, directs the Crisis Management Group. The Control Room collects information on natural disasters and maintains contact with affected states and organizations to facilitate relief efforts. The National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) was established to be the premier institution for training, capacity building, research, and policy advocacy around disaster management.
The document discusses disaster management initiatives and policy perspectives in India. It provides context on India's vulnerability to various natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, cyclones, droughts, and landslides. It outlines India's disaster management framework, including the establishment of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in 2005. Key responsibilities and initiatives of the NDMA are summarized, such as developing national policy guidelines, mainstreaming disaster management into development planning, and establishing the National Disaster Response Force.
The Climate Change Act of 2009 establishes the policy of the Philippines to protect citizens from climate change impacts and adopt strategies to build resilience. It requires local governments to formulate and implement Climate Change Action Plans, with barangays, cities/municipalities, and provinces each playing a role. National government agencies are assigned functions to support these efforts, such as integrating climate change into education, training local governments, managing climate information, engaging international agreements, and disseminating public information. The act mandates that government agencies and local governments allocate funding to climate change programs and plans.
This document discusses risk reduction and management in the Philippines. It provides background information on the country's geography, climate, and topography. It then describes how the Philippines is prone to various natural disasters like typhoons, earthquakes, volcanoes, droughts, and how these disasters impact the country. It outlines the Philippine disaster management system established by laws and policies. It discusses the National Disaster Coordinating Council and its organizational structure and functions relating to mitigation, preparedness, response and rehabilitation. Finally, it mentions some principles and trends in disaster risk reduction and management.
Bangladesh is a natural disaster-prone country of an area about 1, 47, 570 sq. km with population about 140 million (BBS, 2012). Bangladesh is facing various types of natural disaster due to its geographic and geologic setting (Carter, 1991). Bangladesh suffers regularly and frequently from disasters like flood, cyclone, drought, earthquake and landslide etc. (Fig.1). Disasters are annual event in Bangladesh (Nasreen, 2004). From time immemorial, the geographical location, land characteristics, multiplicity of rivers, monsoon climate and coastal morphology of Bangladesh have been a mixed blessing (Sabur, 2012). Bangladesh does not meeting all the necessities of pre, during and post disaster activities that cannot deal with to have large collaboration of different organization with highly advanced equipment. Disaster management in Bangladesh is mainly concerns to disaster mitigation and preparedness (Kafiluddin, 1991).
This document discusses disaster management in India. It provides details about Ankita Khobragade's class assignment on national policy for disaster management, including definitions of key terms, objectives, and the establishment of authorities at national, state, and district levels through the Disaster Management Act of 2005. It also describes the Ministry of Home Affairs' overall responsibility for disaster management in India and strategies used in response to Cyclone Fani in 2019.
The National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) provides a framework for disaster management in India. It aims to make India disaster resilient by reducing risks and losses from disasters. The NDMP is aligned with the Sendai Framework and focuses on understanding risks, strengthening governance, investing in risk reduction, and enhancing preparedness and recovery. It establishes institutional structures at the national, state and district levels for coordinated disaster response. The plan also outlines approaches for disaster risk reduction, preparedness, response and rebuilding in the aftermath of disasters.
This document provides an overview of the contents of The Professional Risk Managers' Handbook, which is a comprehensive guide to current theory and best practices in risk management. The handbook covers topics in finance theory, financial instruments, and financial markets across two volumes. It includes sections on financial theory application, portfolio mathematics, capital allocation, asset pricing models, capital structure, the term structure of interest rates, bonds, forwards and futures, swaps, options, credit derivatives, and interest rate options. The handbook is intended as a reference for the PRM designation exam.
This document provides a progress report on the activities of the Group of Experts on Managing Risks in Regulatory Systems (GRM) from August 2014 to September 2015. It summarizes the GRM's work to broaden the application of risk management recommendations across various sectors and fields. This included developing a methodology for implementing recommendations in specific sectors and strengthening partnerships with organizations like UNISDR. The GRM also worked on applying recommendations to disaster risk reduction and contributed to international conferences on the topic. Annexed is an updated list of GRM members from different regions and areas of expertise.
National Policy on Disaster management 2009Vishwa Sharma
The National Policy on Disaster Management 2009 outlines India's policy for reducing risks and losses from disasters. Key points:
1. The Disaster Management Act of 2009 provides the legal framework and establishes agencies like the National Disaster Management Authority and state and district authorities to oversee disaster management.
2. The policy focuses on prevention, mitigation and preparedness like evaluating infrastructure, training, and standard procedures.
3. It also covers disaster response, relief, rehabilitation, reconstruction, capacity building, knowledge management and technology to minimize losses from natural or man-made disasters.
Disaster risk reduction practices in bangladeshJahangir Alam
Bangladesh
DRR concept
Evolving Paradigms of DM
Actions and Strategies on DRR
Working with Community
Gaps, Concerns, Limitations & Challenges
Learning and Observation
Step Forward
DP ?New generation DRR Practitioner
GANDHI? Conclusion
Bangladesh:
B-Bay of Bengal
A- Agriculture
N-NGOs
G-Garments and GB
L-Land of Rivers
A-Adaptability
D-Disasters, DM, Democracy
E-Emergency
S-SAARC
H-High: Population growth, Vulnerabilities
European Policy for risk reduction in the EU coastal areasEmergency Live
The document discusses disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies in European coastal areas. Population growth and climate change are increasing risks in coastal regions. While preparedness and some mitigation measures have traditionally been used, increasing coastal development requires adjusting strategies to incorporate more prevention. Both technical and ecosystem-based solutions are feasible options to develop long-term DRR strategies. National strategies vary locally due to different historical, cultural, and socioeconomic factors.
The document provides an overview of India's disaster management framework. It discusses key concepts like definitions of disaster, objectives of management, relevant legislation and the Disaster Management Act of 2005. It also outlines the institutional framework for management including organizations like the National Disaster Management Authority, National Disaster Response Force, and roles of central, state and local governments as well as non-governmental organizations.
The document discusses disaster management in India. It defines a disaster as a catastrophic situation that disrupts normal life and requires emergency interventions. Disaster management involves preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery activities. India is highly disaster prone due to factors like its geography and climate. However, disaster management has not been a high priority and suffers from issues like a lack of coordination, inadequate resources and capacity, and a focus on relief over prevention. The document argues for a shifting paradigm that prioritizes prevention, community participation, sustainability, local knowledge, and building long-term resilience.
GLOBAL AND NATIONAL EVENTS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENTRavi Adhikari
Global and national events for disaster management discusses increasing losses from disasters due to factors like urbanization and population growth. While global efforts to manage disasters have increased, they have not kept pace with the rising frequency and severity of disasters. However, over the last 15 years, a new approach has emerged that focuses on proactive prevention and integrates disaster management into sustainable development. [National events for disaster management in India discuss the formation of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in 2005 to coordinate policy and response. The NDMA works with State authorities and aims to build a safer, resilient India through preparedness and mitigation. It is responsible for national policy, planning, and oversight. A National Executive Committee and the National Institute
1. The National Disaster Operation Centre (NDOC) was established in 1998 to coordinate disaster management in Kenya in response to adverse weather events and terrorist attacks.
2. NDOC monitors disasters 24/7, coordinates response efforts between government ministries and other stakeholders, and works to build national disaster preparedness and response capacity.
3. Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of disasters in Kenya through impacts like increased flooding, droughts, disease outbreaks, and damage to agriculture and biodiversity. NDOC plays a key role in national climate change adaptation efforts through its coordination of mitigation and response activities.
Strusture of disaster management in india State Disaster Management Authority National Disaster Management Authority Disaster Management Act
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
National Institute Of Disaster Management (NIDM)
The document discusses disaster management structures in India and other countries. It describes India's disaster management structure which includes the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) headed by the Prime Minister, and State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) headed by Chief Ministers. The NDMA aims to build a safer, disaster resilient India through holistic and proactive strategies. The document also provides brief overviews of disaster management structures in Japan, the US, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Canada.
This document is a project report submitted by Hemant Dhanraj Sonawane for his Masters in Commerce degree. It discusses disaster management, strategic alliances, and the corporate strategy of Mahindra Company. The report includes sections on disaster management organizations and emergency planning ideals in India, New Zealand, Canada, and Australia. It also discusses the phases of emergency management including prevention, mitigation, and recovery on personal and national levels. The report will analyze Mahindra's sales promotion strategy, strategic alliances, and corporate social responsibility practices.
This country report by an ADRC visiting researcher describes the status of Vietnam on Disaster Management. Vietnam is likely to be affected by windstorms, floods, epidemic, drought, insect infestation, slides and wild fires. Over the years Vietnam has taken several actions to deepen its efforts to reduce the disaster risks, by establishing a disaster management system and council, plan and policy, and implementing the Hyogo Framework.
Role of government in disaster management at central tam 2013-20Vijay Kumar
The document outlines the roles of central, state and district governments in disaster management in India. It discusses the nodal agencies responsible for different types of disasters, the Disaster Management Act of 2005 which established authorities at national, state and district levels, and the responsibilities of central and state governments in providing relief. It also describes funding mechanisms, mitigation measures, new directions for disaster management, and the specific roles of state and district administrations in relief operations and disaster response.
The document discusses frameworks for integrating climate change adaptation and disaster risk management in the Philippines. It outlines key policies and legislation established to mainstream these approaches into government and development planning from the national to local levels. Examples are provided of local government units that have implemented successful community-based adaptation and risk reduction projects, improving resilience to climate hazards.
The document discusses disaster management in India. It describes the key organizations that coordinate disaster response in India. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) was established in 2005 to coordinate response to natural and man-made disasters and build capacity for crisis response. The National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC), headed by the Cabinet Secretary, directs the Crisis Management Group. The Control Room collects information on natural disasters and maintains contact with affected states and organizations to facilitate relief efforts. The National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) was established to be the premier institution for training, capacity building, research, and policy advocacy around disaster management.
The document discusses disaster management initiatives and policy perspectives in India. It provides context on India's vulnerability to various natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, cyclones, droughts, and landslides. It outlines India's disaster management framework, including the establishment of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in 2005. Key responsibilities and initiatives of the NDMA are summarized, such as developing national policy guidelines, mainstreaming disaster management into development planning, and establishing the National Disaster Response Force.
The Climate Change Act of 2009 establishes the policy of the Philippines to protect citizens from climate change impacts and adopt strategies to build resilience. It requires local governments to formulate and implement Climate Change Action Plans, with barangays, cities/municipalities, and provinces each playing a role. National government agencies are assigned functions to support these efforts, such as integrating climate change into education, training local governments, managing climate information, engaging international agreements, and disseminating public information. The act mandates that government agencies and local governments allocate funding to climate change programs and plans.
This document discusses risk reduction and management in the Philippines. It provides background information on the country's geography, climate, and topography. It then describes how the Philippines is prone to various natural disasters like typhoons, earthquakes, volcanoes, droughts, and how these disasters impact the country. It outlines the Philippine disaster management system established by laws and policies. It discusses the National Disaster Coordinating Council and its organizational structure and functions relating to mitigation, preparedness, response and rehabilitation. Finally, it mentions some principles and trends in disaster risk reduction and management.
Bangladesh is a natural disaster-prone country of an area about 1, 47, 570 sq. km with population about 140 million (BBS, 2012). Bangladesh is facing various types of natural disaster due to its geographic and geologic setting (Carter, 1991). Bangladesh suffers regularly and frequently from disasters like flood, cyclone, drought, earthquake and landslide etc. (Fig.1). Disasters are annual event in Bangladesh (Nasreen, 2004). From time immemorial, the geographical location, land characteristics, multiplicity of rivers, monsoon climate and coastal morphology of Bangladesh have been a mixed blessing (Sabur, 2012). Bangladesh does not meeting all the necessities of pre, during and post disaster activities that cannot deal with to have large collaboration of different organization with highly advanced equipment. Disaster management in Bangladesh is mainly concerns to disaster mitigation and preparedness (Kafiluddin, 1991).
This document discusses disaster management in India. It provides details about Ankita Khobragade's class assignment on national policy for disaster management, including definitions of key terms, objectives, and the establishment of authorities at national, state, and district levels through the Disaster Management Act of 2005. It also describes the Ministry of Home Affairs' overall responsibility for disaster management in India and strategies used in response to Cyclone Fani in 2019.
The National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) provides a framework for disaster management in India. It aims to make India disaster resilient by reducing risks and losses from disasters. The NDMP is aligned with the Sendai Framework and focuses on understanding risks, strengthening governance, investing in risk reduction, and enhancing preparedness and recovery. It establishes institutional structures at the national, state and district levels for coordinated disaster response. The plan also outlines approaches for disaster risk reduction, preparedness, response and rebuilding in the aftermath of disasters.
This document provides an overview of the contents of The Professional Risk Managers' Handbook, which is a comprehensive guide to current theory and best practices in risk management. The handbook covers topics in finance theory, financial instruments, and financial markets across two volumes. It includes sections on financial theory application, portfolio mathematics, capital allocation, asset pricing models, capital structure, the term structure of interest rates, bonds, forwards and futures, swaps, options, credit derivatives, and interest rate options. The handbook is intended as a reference for the PRM designation exam.
This document provides a progress report on the activities of the Group of Experts on Managing Risks in Regulatory Systems (GRM) from August 2014 to September 2015. It summarizes the GRM's work to broaden the application of risk management recommendations across various sectors and fields. This included developing a methodology for implementing recommendations in specific sectors and strengthening partnerships with organizations like UNISDR. The GRM also worked on applying recommendations to disaster risk reduction and contributed to international conferences on the topic. Annexed is an updated list of GRM members from different regions and areas of expertise.
These two slides give an overview of the the total global Structured finance bond downgrades since January 2007. Furthermore, they show the split between US and Europe. Slides have been shown at the Global ABS Investors\' & Regulators\' roundtable, 2/3 June 2009. Underlying data has been compiled from Bloomberg\'s <RATT> function.
Imperial College 2016 Brochure Finance-Short-ProgrammesMarkus Krebsz
This document provides information on short programmes in finance and risk offered by Imperial College Business School. It describes 3 programmes: 1) Finance for Non-Finance Managers which teaches key finance and accounting fundamentals; 2) The Integration of Finance and Strategy for Value Creation which focuses on financial strategy and creating value; and 3) A Complete Course in Risk Management which provides a foundation in risk measurement, markets, instruments and best practices. The programmes utilize Imperial's Impact Lab approach involving experiential learning through simulations, guest speakers and interactive scenarios. They are taught by internationally renowned faculty and provide professional and organizational benefits.
The document discusses the rationale for establishing a UK municipal bond agency. Key points include:
- The agency aims to lower borrowing costs for local councils by accessing funding at competitive rates from bond markets.
- No additional legislation is required, as councils have the necessary borrowing powers.
- 56 councils have signed up as initial shareholders, investing a total of £6 million to launch the agency.
- The agency expects to break even within 3 years at a lending volume of £2 billion, and will be run on a cost of around £2 million per year.
- The agency will subject councils to a credit process and aims to offer rates competitive with the Public Works Loan Board.
The document discusses a roundtable meeting between local authorities, the Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury, and representatives from the UK Municipal Bonds Agency. The roundtable discussed the benefits of the newly created UKMBA, which allows local authorities to borrow and refinance debts at potentially lower interest rates than through the Public Works Loan Board. Creating a municipal bonds market could give local authorities greater financial autonomy and fiscal control. However, some local authorities remain hesitant due to risks. Encouraging broader participation from local authorities will help establish the municipal bonds market and lower borrowing costs.
Bond agency happy with ratings _ Room 151Markus Krebsz
The bond agency has received ratings from two ratings agencies and is ready to issue its first bond. The CEO expressed that he was happy with the ratings but did not disclose them. He said they are waiting for local authorities to approve borrowing through internal processes before issuing a bond within a few weeks at a rate below current PWLB rates. However, the CEO was reluctant to commit to an issuance date given delays in the past.
This document provides a bibliography of 33 editions on works related to the global financial/economic crisis from 2008. It is divided into 11 sections that cover topics such as the origins of the crisis, empirical and narrative accounts, the housing and mortgage industry collapse, regulatory failures, the impact on various countries/regions, and normative perspectives on implications and reforms. The bibliography contains over 200 cited works ranging from books, reports, to academic literature.
The document discusses the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) role in disaster mitigation and preparation for the World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction. It outlines WMO's activities related to risk identification through monitoring, early warnings, adaptation measures, vulnerability assessment, and hazard analysis. It also discusses WMO's work in knowledge management, risk management applications, preparedness and emergency management, and governance support. Finally, it proposes the initiation of a new WMO Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme and emphasizes the need for an integrated international approach across organizations and disciplines.
The document discusses the use of geomatics tools to help manage natural disaster risks in Europe. It describes how geomatics allows decision makers to integrate various types of territorial data, like infrastructure maps, zoning plans, and flood risk zones, to help support decisions. The document also discusses several European Union directives and initiatives aimed at improving risk management, such as INSPIRE, which establishes guidelines for spatial data infrastructures.
Mette Lindahl-Olsson: From managing disasters to managing riskisTHL
Presentation by Mette Lindahl-Olsson, Head of Natural Hazards and Critical Infrastructure Section, Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency at Safety 2016 World Conference, 18-21 September 2016, Tampere, Finland
#Safety2016FIN
. Schuster Range extended abstract IDRC2016_finalSandra Schuster
This document discusses integrated approaches to climate risk management and risk transfer to increase urban resilience. It argues that insurance can help soften financial impacts of disasters, increase effectiveness of contingency plans, and encourage risk reduction measures. The document outlines a project to develop an integrated climate risk management concept for urban areas in China that combines risk analysis, prevention, preparedness, and risk transfer solutions like insurance. The goal is to provide timely financial resources after disasters and incentivize measures that build long-term resilience.
CEB 2014 - How the UN system supports ambitious Action on Climate Change enDr Lendy Spires
The document discusses how the United Nations system supports ambitious climate action through a wide range of projects and programs across sectors and countries. It provides examples of UN efforts to reduce emissions and build resilience in key areas like energy, transport, forests, cities and more. The UN agencies work together and with partners to leverage financial mechanisms under the UNFCCC and support national climate strategies through expertise and on-the-ground presence around the world.
The Total Flood Warning System: a review of the conceptNeil Dufty
The Total Flood Warning System concept is promoted by the Australian Government and is widely used in the design of Australia’s early flood warning systems. The Total Flood Warning System concept is technically robust in comparison with international flood warning system frameworks. However, it is not as ‘total’ as it might be. This paper looks at six other components identified that make the system holistic and more effective.
The document discusses the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), which is a 10-year plan adopted by UN Member States in 2005 to make nations and communities more resilient to disasters. It aimed to substantially reduce disaster losses by 2015 through cooperation across governments, agencies, and other partners. The HFA outlined five priorities for action and provided principles and strategies to achieve disaster resilience at local, national, regional and international levels.
Tajikistan is the most vulnerable country in Europe and Central Asia to climate change impacts according to the World Bank. A joint European/Tajik scientific assessment from 2003-2005 identified over 200 glacial lakes and thousands of people at risk of glacial lake outburst floods in Tajikistan. The assessment provided recommendations to monitor the lakes and build community and institutional capacity to manage the risks. A subsequent project in Tajikistan conducted risk assessments in over 200 communities, trained over 100 government staff, and helped make 13 communities more resilient to disasters. The project also assessed new high-risk areas and identified around 60 additional communities at risk.
This document outlines Concern Universal's experience and lessons learned from community-managed disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation work globally. It discusses the guiding principles behind effective DRR planning, which include making DRR community-owned and managed, ensuring infrastructure is disaster resilient, integrating livelihoods, partnering with stakeholders, seeing disasters as long-term issues, including gender and youth, and incorporating advocacy. Case studies from various countries demonstrate programs applying these principles in reducing conflict-related risks, building disaster-resilient water and sanitation, integrating DRR and livelihoods, supporting government DRR planning, linking emergency response to long-term recovery, building capacity, and using advocacy to improve DRR work.
Aan dp net presentation on hfa climate change and drr april 2k xDIPECHO Nepal
Climate change and disaster risk reduction are closely linked. As extreme weather events increase due to climate change, disasters will become more frequent and severe. However, existing disaster risk reduction methods and tools can help countries adapt to climate change impacts. The Hyogo Framework for Action provides guidance on integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation through priorities like making risk reduction a national priority, improving risk monitoring and early warning systems, increasing public education, reducing underlying risk factors, and strengthening disaster preparedness. Public participation, especially of vulnerable groups like women and children, is important for effective adaptation.
Turning Black into Green - Incorporating DRR into Social and Economic Develop...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Overview of the FRAMES project & concept of multi-layer safety approachCaBASupport
drs. Steven Krol, Project Leader EU Interreg FRAMES (Flood Resilient Areas by Multi-layer Safety Approach) Provincie Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
The Rivers Trust Autumn Conference 2017
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
This document provides an overview of a report on insurance and risk landscape in the Southern Cape of South Africa produced by a research partnership. It discusses how climate change is increasing risks of extreme weather events and long-term changes. Insurance plays an important role in adapting to these risks by transferring financial risks. However, those most vulnerable to climate impacts often lack access to affordable insurance. The report examines case studies on risks in the region and provides recommendations on how insurers can work with governments and communities to develop solutions to build climate resilience.
This document discusses the effects of climate change and migration on municipalities in South Africa. It notes that climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of disasters, straining resources. Municipalities will need to strengthen disaster risk reduction and adaptation measures. The document outlines strategies being implemented like developing early warning systems, disaster management plans that include climate risks, and initiatives to support municipalities in adaptation.
This document summarizes the impacts of climate change and migration on South African municipalities. It discusses how climate-related disasters are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate change. Migration trends show many people moving from rural to urban areas in search of economic opportunities, straining municipal services. Climate change is projected to negatively impact sectors like water, agriculture, and forestry. It will also likely increase the costs of infrastructure damage from more extreme weather events. The document outlines strategies and support initiatives South Africa is taking to help municipalities adapt to climate change impacts and better manage urban migration, such as developing an Integrated Urban Development Framework.
0. aandp net presentation on hfa climate change and drrDPNet
This document discusses the close links between climate change, disaster risk reduction, and the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA). It outlines five priorities of the HFA that provide a foundation for both disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: 1) make reduction of disaster risks a priority, 2) assess disaster risks and enhance early warning, 3) increase education and awareness of safety, 4) reduce underlying risk factors, and 5) strengthen disaster preparedness. Integrating efforts between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction can produce a "triple win" by limiting climate impacts, supporting adaptation, and reducing poverty. This requires political will, multi-stakeholder participation, and designing projects that address both adaptation and risk reduction.
Aandp net presentation on hfa climate change and drrDIPECHO Nepal
This document discusses the close links between climate change, disaster risk reduction, and the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA). It outlines five priorities of the HFA that provide a foundation for both disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: 1) make reduction of disaster risks a priority, 2) assess disaster risks and enhance early warning, 3) increase education and awareness of safety, 4) reduce underlying risk factors, and 5) strengthen disaster preparedness. Integrating efforts around these priorities through collaboration between stakeholders can help limit climate impacts, support adaptation, and reduce poverty. Political will is needed to drive coordinated action across sectors to address disaster and climate risks.
The document discusses the UNESCO Climate Change Initiative, which aims to address climate change through education, science, culture, and communication. It outlines four core programs: 1) developing a climate change adaptation forum to share climate science knowledge; 2) integrating climate change education into education for sustainable development; 3) using UNESCO World Heritage Sites to study climate impacts on culture and biodiversity; and 4) researching the social, ethical, and gender dimensions of climate change. The initiative seeks to build capacity for climate change mitigation and adaptation through improved policies, teacher training, and public awareness activities.
20161215 A New Dawn for Municipal Financing Instruments (long) - LexologyMarkus Krebsz
The document discusses sources of financing available to local authorities in the UK for infrastructure projects. It notes that the recent Autumn Statement provided additional funding through a National Productivity Investment Fund that local authorities can access. While local authorities traditionally borrow through the Public Works Loan Board, some have also accessed private markets through bonds and loans. The article outlines various statutory protections that provide comfort to private lenders, such as requirements for balanced budgets and provisions preventing default.
This document provides a progress report on the activities of the UNECE Group of Experts on Managing Risks in Regulatory Systems (GRM) as of September 2016. It outlines the GRM's development of risk management methodologies and recommendations, implementation of recommendations through field projects, and contributions to the risk management work of other international organizations. It proposes continuing the GRM's work to assist regulatory authorities in applying risk management tools to support the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
20161110 FT - UK councils set for launch of munibonds after cutsMarkus Krebsz
Local authorities in the UK are preparing to launch their first municipal bond, or "munibond", before Christmas. The £100 million bond is backed by 56 local councils and will be issued by a new entity called the UK Municipal Bonds Agency. The munibonds will allow councils to invest in improved transport, housing, and shopping centers as they look for alternative sources of funding after large central government cuts. Officials expect the munibonds to be cheaper than the current primary lender to local authorities and hope the small initial bond issuance will gain councils' confidence for larger launches in the future.
The document provides an overview of classic credit products and their building blocks, including:
- Basic building blocks include principal, interest, notional amount, and maturity date. Mid-level blocks join these and include bonds, loans, and structured products.
- The most important instruments are discussed in detail, such as bonds, loans, and structured products like collateralized debt obligations.
- Different types of bonds, loans, and their key characteristics are defined.
150602 IMPERIAL PRMIA Student Event (Attendees) Markus Krebsz
This document provides lessons and tips for working in risk management and financial markets. It discusses important personal traits like having a positive attitude, emotional intelligence, and work-life balance. Professional values of integrity, ethics and understanding firm culture are also covered. Opportunities in risk management involve understanding different roles across desks, industries and staying up to date on changes. The appendix lists contact details and publications for further resources.
20150203 Rating vital to new UK issuer s price hopes - GlobalCapitalMarkus Krebsz
1) A new UK municipal bond agency called the Local Capital Finance Company plans to raise funds on capital markets and lend to UK local authorities at a lower rate than currently available.
2) The agency believes it can lend at a spread of 55-60 basis points over gilts in the next 2-3 years, compared to the current rate of 80 basis points over gilts.
3) Whether the agency can achieve this rate will depend on its credit rating, with similar European agencies rated just below their respective sovereign ratings.
20150122 LGA Press Release Municipal bonds agency makes key appointmentsMarkus Krebsz
The Local Government Association has announced key appointments to the UK's first municipal bonds agency. Sir Merrick Cockell will be the Chairman and Adrian Bell will be the Vice-Chairman. They will lead the board as the agency prepares for launch and moves into full operation. The agency, called the Local Capital Finance Company, will allow councils to finance projects without seeking permission from the Treasury.
Unleashing Municipal Enterprise discusses empowering local governments in the UK to stimulate economic growth through "Municipal Enterprise". It argues that overly centralized control has stifled local initiative and innovation. Municipal Enterprise involves local governments undertaking commercial ventures, often in partnership with private sector, to address local economic and community challenges. By taking risks and sharing in rewards, Municipal Enterprise could help boost local job creation and address issues like developing digital infrastructure, in a way that generates profits to repay initial investments. The paper explores how a more balanced approach adapting this concept could help address current economic issues in the UK in the digital era.
20141215 Councils pool resources to make borrowing cheaper for one another - ...Markus Krebsz
The UK's first municipal bonds agency has moved closer to launching, with 48 councils signed up to invest. The agency will allow councils to borrow more cheaply for infrastructure projects as an alternative to the Treasury-controlled Public Works Loans Board. Councils could save over £1 billion in borrowing costs over 30 years if half their debt transfers to the new agency. Council investors must finalize their investments by the end of February 2015 for the agency to issue its first bond.
20141215 Council bond agency green lit to launch - LocalGovMarkus Krebsz
The Local Government Association has revealed that 48 councils have signed up to invest in the UK's first municipal bonds agency, which could save councils over £1 billion in borrowing costs. The LGA's executive has approved moving the agency into its launch phase due to the overwhelming support from councils. The agency will be owned by local governments and aims to reduce councils' long-term capital financing costs by introducing competition in the lending market.
Slides as presented at the Inaugural ESRC People Risk Seminar at the Centre for Risk, Banking & Financial Services at Nottingham University Business School, 4 Dec 2013, Nottingham.
RISKY RATING: Reducing the Over-reliance by using Credit ratings sensiblyMarkus Krebsz
Presented at the Scottish Financial Risk Academy's Inaugural Risk Colloquium on 4th Nov 2010 in Edinburgh. (Also published as CRA comment on the SEC website).
Global Financial Markets & The Recent Credit Crisis: Impressions from a Perso...Markus Krebsz
This presentation in two parts was given at a Royal Holloway University London (RHUL) event on 22 March 2012. Part 1 covers CRAs and Part 2 covered career tips for students interested in the financial markets.
(R)isk Revolution - Current trends and challenges in Credit & Operational RiskMarkus Krebsz
This was presented as part of a Senior Australian Bankers' Master Class held at GCU London on 19 Sept 2012. Dr. Robert Webb was co-presenting on the UK & European Banking system.
Product Taxonomy & Model Risk Management: 'Putting the Beans back into Coffee'Markus Krebsz
This document provides an overview of product taxonomy and model risk management. It discusses defining and structuring a product taxonomy according to order and law. A product taxonomy aims to fully classify a firm's product suite to enable modeling risks, monitoring model performance, and meeting regulatory requirements. Challenges in developing and maintaining a taxonomy are addressed. Benefits include meeting cross-functional needs for model control, certifications, and risk management.
The Credit Crisis and beyond: Lessons from the Financial Crisis & Sound Pract...Markus Krebsz
This lecture has been part of the European and International Financial Institutions module at Glasgow-Caledonian University (GCU) and was delivered by Markus Krebsz on 7th March 2013 in London.
This is an updated version of my rating transition research for Structured Finance bonds - to be shown at the forthcoming Global ABS conference in June 2010.
Change management in an Uncertain World: The Human aspect of Organisational C...Markus Krebsz
Markus Krebsz gave a presentation on human aspects of organizational change at the SII IT Forum in London on July 16, 2009. He discussed how dissatisfaction with the status quo, a shared vision of the future, knowledge of practical steps, and consideration of change costs are important for successful change based on Gleicher's Formula. He also emphasized engaging and consulting employees, providing clear communication and tools, and acknowledging past resentments to help transition from "we" and "them" to "us." The presentation concluded with a mind map of human aspects of organizational change for further exploration.
Change management in an Uncertain World: The Human aspect of Organisational C...
Brochure_FINAL_WEB
1. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE
Resilience to disasters for
sustainable development
UNECE
taking action to
protect lives and
livelihoods
2.
3. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE
Resilience to disasters for
sustainable development
UNECE
taking action to
protect lives and
livelihoods
4.
5. UNECE activities
that contribute to
better disaster-risk
management
All the countries of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) region,
including the most developed, are vulnerable to disasters. In the European Union, almost
100 billion euros were lost to disasters over the past decade. In Germany alone, the
floods of June 2013 caused economic losses of over 10 billion euros, while in the Russian
Federation the 2010 heat wave resulted in over 15,000 casualties. From 2001 to 2011
Tajikistan suffered economic losses from disasters equivalent to almost 60 per cent of the
foreign aid the country received over the same period.
The United Nations Plan of Action on Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience calls on
the United Nations system, both as individual organizations and collectively, to “make
disaster risk reduction a priority”. UNECE work plays a crucial role in disaster preparedness
in its region and — through its recommendations, treaties and best practice — well
beyond its boundaries. Many UNECE activities set out binding rules and obligations for
States and international organizations that contribute to a more sustainable and resilient
pattern of development.
UNECE also promotes the increased implementation of international standards
and other risk management tools by all stakeholders. A first outcome of this work is
the UNECE Recommendation on “Crisis Management in Regulatory Systems” that
presses governments to design and implement crisis management functions as part of
the regulatory frameworks of all key economic sectors, integrating best practice from
international standards in the management of emergencies.
Through its Group of Experts on Risk Management in Regulatory Frameworks, UNECE
is currently launching an ambitious collaboration with the United Nations Office for
Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) and with standards organizations to make standardized
guidelines supporting disaster risk reduction (DRR) more readily available and accessible
to authorities, policymakers, small and medium-sized enterprises, non-governmental
organizations, universities and local communities.
6. Disasters such as floods know no borders, so
effective response requires transboundary or
regional coordination and cooperation. The UNECE
environmental treaties are a key tool in this area,
helping countries to better cooperate with their
neighbours and increase the overall effectiveness
and efficiency of each member’s activities.Through
its activities, UNECE and its partners will help
United Nations Member States better implement
the post-2015 framework for DRR to be adopted in
Sendai, Japan, in March 2015.
7. Ninety per cent of
disasters are water-
related
Floods, droughts and windstorms are the
mostfrequentlyoccurringnaturaldisaster
events and account for almost 90 per
cent of the 1,000 most disastrous events
since 1990. The UNECE Convention on
the Protection and Use of Transboundary
Watercourses and International Lakes
(Water Convention), which entered
into force in 1996 and was opened for
accession to all United Nations Member States in 2013, obliges Parties to prevent,
control and reduce transboundary impacts, including those potentially resulting from
floods and from unilaterally decided flood protection measures, such as dams.
Since 2010, following the elaboration of the Guidance on Water and Adaptation to
Climate Change, the Water Convention has been coordinating a programme of pilot
projects and a global platform for testing new methodologies and sharing experience
on climate change adaptation and DRR in transboundary basins. These pilot projects
deliver clear DRR benefits. For example, the“Climate Change and Security in the Dniester
River Basin” project, jointly implemented by UNECE and OSCE, aims at managing floods
that may cross borders, taking into account both current climate variability and long-
term impacts of climate change on flood risks. Several DRR measures have been and
will be implemented. A Strategic Framework for Adaptation to Climate Change in the
Dniester River Basin has been elaborated, trees have been planted to reduce flood risk,
automatic monitoring stations will be installed in the river basin and a joint platform for
transboundary data exchange will be created. A similar project, targeting the Sava
River Basin developed a programme for Flood Risk Management Plan (FRMP) in
accordance with the EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC), as well as with the UNECE
Guidelines on Sustainable Flood Prevention.
The lessons learned from these pilot projects are shared through the annual workshops
of the Global Network of Basins Working on Climate Change Adaptation, established by
UNECE in cooperation with the International Network of River Basins (INBO) in 2012. The
Global Network currently involves 14 member basins, including from outside the
UNECE region, including the Chu-Talas, Danube, Dniester, Neman, Rhine, Mekong,
Niger, Sava, Congo and Senegal Basins. A collection of good practices and lessons
learned will be published in 2015.
8.
9. Housing and land management policies for resilient
communities
Cities, infrastructures and buildings are constantly and increasingly exposed to hardships
posed by natural phenomena and human-induced disasters, including weather-related
events, such as floods, landslides, sea level rise and erosion. Unpredictable events such as
earthquakes will also continue to hit cities hard. Sound urban planning and safe building
prevent disastrous effects and save lives.
UNECE, through its Housing and Land Management Programme, is addressing disaster
risk prevention and mitigation in cities by integrating and mainstreaming DRR into
relevant policies and building standards. Activities include regional forums and urban
planning guidelines for DRR, in particular for coastal cities. Recently UNECE has
begun collaborating with the University of Geneva to integrate natural sciences
into urban planning in order to build resilient communities.
UNECE work in this area also includes capacity-building events and advice to individual
countries, including on informal settlements, published in its country profiles on housing
and land management. Eighteen country profiles have been published to date.
In 2014–2016, national workshops are being organized in Armenia, the Republic of
Moldova, Serbia and Tajikistan in cooperation with the United Nations Human
Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) and UNISDR.
10. Environmental assessments help prevent disasters
When moving forward with a proposed plan, project or policy, it is essential to put in place
measures to prevent, reduce and control significant adverse environmental impacts. The
Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo
Convention) and its Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment (Protocol on SEA)
provide a set of requirements for a formal process to put preventative actions in place,
taking into account both environmental and health effects. According to the Espoo
Convention, the implementation phase should also include a post-project analysis, i.e.,
monitoring and risk management measures.
Experience shows that, despite preventive measures, natural disasters, terrorist attacks
or simple human error cannot be excluded and these may lead to large scale
accidents. However, although its frequency may be below one million per year, the risk
of a very-low-probability-but-particularly-severe accident — such as occurred in
Fukushima, Japan, in 2011 — should not be ignored.
Both the Convention and its Protocol were developed with the belief that “to prevent is
better than to cure”. For example, the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process
for a nuclear installation includes evaluation of the safety of infrastructure and the
impacts on the environment in case of a severe natural disaster, such as an earthquake or
flooding, and the EIA documentation includes specific measures to prevent the risks
and manage them, should they occur. Similarly, carrying out a strategic
environmental assessment (SEA) procedure for energy plans in regions with rich
hydropower potential allows for the early consideration of the cumulative effects of
several planned hydro-power schemes in the region. The SEA procedure takes a holistic
approach to the development of the region and the sector, including, for example,
specific measures to address the changing flows of migratory fish and to avoid soil
erosion and recommendations on the time schedule of the different projects.
14. Preserving human rights in disaster situations
Effective DRR is only possible if the public has timely access to adequate information on
the potential risks of and actions for mitigating disasters; if they can effectively participate
in decision-making on proposed DRR projects, plans and laws; and if those responsible
can be held accountable for all matters related to potential and past disasters.
Parties to the UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in
Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention)
and its Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTRs) are obliged to
effectively disseminate all relevant information that would help the public take measures
to prevent or lessen harm in the event of an imminent threat to human health or the
environment. When public authorities develop emergency preparedness plans, and
establish a system of notification of relevant services (including local governments, fire
and medical services), the public must be given the opportunity to participate effectively.
Furthermore, training and guidance for personnel responsible for the management of
hazardous substances must be carried out.
In this context, a number of the 56 Aarhus Centres operational in 14 UNECE countries
are currently developing activities to raise awareness and strengthen national capacity
for disaster preparedness and risk reduction in cooperation with the Organization for
Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
The Aarhus Convention has also inspired civil society actors beyond the UNECE region
to apply its principles in various areas, including violations of human rights in the event
of disasters. In particular, the Santa Fe Declaration on Disaster Risk Reduction of 12
November 2014, which calls upon States to set up a culture of resilience based on
human rights at all stages of a disaster, acknowledges the usefulness of the Aarhus
Convention in disaster situations.
16. When industrial accidents cross borders
The 41 Parties to the Industrial Accidents Convention — fromWestern, Eastern and South-
Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia — work together to prevent, prepare for
and respond to industrial accidents, especially those with transboundary consequences.
These accidents may be the consequence of human activity, or may be triggered by
natural disasters. Under the Industrial Accidents Convention, Parties have to work first of
all at the national level, for example by setting up early warning systems, mandating the
operators of large industrial installations to take precautionary measures, or preparing
contingency plans for immediate response. This explicitly includes public participation
in the decision-making and in emergency planning and exercises.
Parties also have to work internationally on joint emergency plans, mutual assistance,
public awareness and ensuring that the public, including that of other potentially
affected countries, can take part in decision-making. In practice, Parties to the Convention
exchange technology and information and identify actions that may save lives in the
event of an accident, such as facilitating the transport of equipment and personnel
across borders during emergencies.
The Convention has been publicized via a recently released “summary in cartoons” and
a short film, and online training materials have been developed to further promote
awareness. Since 2000, the Convention has been complemented by an Assistance
Programme, to support countries with economies in transition in implementing the
Convention’s provisions. The Danube Delta region has received special attention, with
projects that aim at managing potential transboundary emergencies, and a field exercise
on response to accidental water pollution is planned for September 2015.
21. Protecting forests, protecting lives
Environmental and disaster risk reduction are often addressed separately.
However, forest ecosystems have shown that an integrated approach is essential.
Forests exercise key protective functions, which prevent disasters. These include
protection from erosion and avalanches, conserving ecosystems, filtering air and
protecting and filtering water. Sustainable forest management is not only a tool to
maintain healthy and growing forests, it also allows forests to maintain their protective
functions, which are critical for the well-being of the society.
To protect this resource and the benefits it brings, UNECE organizes training and
awareness raising events for more resilient forest ecosystems and sustainable forest
policies and institutions, develops and maintains databases for the management of
wild-land fires and promotes awareness of the economic and environmental value of
forests and forestry resources.
UNECE, ithrough its joint programme with the United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO), implements a very comprehensive programme of work to monitor
the state of forests and develop sound policies and tools for their sustainable
management. The work is supported by an extended network of experts in different
forest-related fields. Among recent outputs are a study on forest-fire issues in the region,
and a White Paper on the State of Wildfires and Fire Management in Forests and Other
Vegetation Resources in the UNECE Region, both developed in close cooperation with
the Global Fire Monitoring Center. At the global level, the experts also prepared and
contributed to the implementation of the Fire Aviation Guidelines and the International
Wildfire Preparedness Mechanism.
22. A UNECE toolkit for the implementation of the Sendai
framework
Prosperity can only be built on a solid foundation of security and stability, but can be
wiped away in minutes as a consequence of both natural and man-made disasters, not
counting the immeasurable human suffering and environmental degradation that may
result.
Sustainable development in its economic, environmental and social dimensions also
relies on the solid management of disaster risks. This is because disasters
exacerbate poverty, affecting disproportionately the most vulnerable, who often live in
exposed areas such as informal settlements erected with no regard to building codes.
Disasters also have a devastating impact upon fragile eco-systems, destroy schools
and hospitals affecting health and educational outcomes, and result in increased social
tensions and weakened institutional support systems for social policy.
UNECE works to ensure that social and economic progress go hand in hand with a
better disaster risk management. Weak and under-resourced systems and infrastructure
in sectors ranging from housing to energy networks, from trade and transport hubs to
information technology, compromise the capacity to manage any risk, including disaster
risks. UNECE activities not only strengthen these systems’ capacity to deliver services in
normal times, they also reduce disaster risks, build resilience and enable countries to
cope with and recover from disasters when they occur.
23.
24. For more information, please contact us at:
UNECE Information Unit
Palais des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
Phone: + 41 22 917 4444
Fax: + 41 22 917 0505
E-mail: info.ece@unece.org
Website: http://www.unece.org/env/welcome.html
Resiliencetodisastersfor
sustainabledevelopmentUNECE
takingactiontoprotectlivesandlivelihoods
Designed and Printed at United Nations, Geneva – 1501698 (E) – March 2015 – 1,000 – ECE/INF/NONE/2015/2