This document proposes establishing a small-scale crude oil refinery (micro refinery) to provide socio-economic benefits to its host community. A micro refinery would directly employ 350 people and indirectly support over 1000 jobs. It would process 1000 barrels of crude oil per day, generating 42 million liters of petroleum products annually. The refinery would become profitable within 3 years and generate $22.8 million in net revenue over 5 years. It aims to reduce unemployment, militancy, and oil theft while boosting tax revenues and sustainable development in the Niger Delta region.
Introduction to Oil and Gas Industry from Upstream (Exploration & Production), Midstream (Transportation & Storage), to Downstream (Refining, Petrochemical, & Marketing)
Among the world’s various sources of energy, petroleum is the most widely used and important natural resource. This module explains the world's petroleum resources, in general.
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - MidstreamEKT Interactive
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - Midstream
What is Midstream? This Midstream content is derived from our Oil 101 Midstream ebook and can be found in our oil and gas learning community.
This Midstream module includes the following sections (use the links below for quick access):
Midstream Business Characteristics
Midstream Participants
Processing – The Next Step in Adding Value
Transportation
Storage
Midstream - As its name implies, the midstream segment encompasses facilities and processes that sit between the upstream and downstream segments. Activities can include processing, storage and transportation of crude oil and natural gas.
In most cases, oil and gas reserves are not located in the same geographic location as refining assets and major consumption regions.
Transportation is a big part of midstream activities and can include using pipelines, trucking fleets, tanker ships, and rail cars.
The midstream segment is separated from upstream and downstream in most oil companies because it is considered a low risk, regulated type of business. It does not fit the risk profile or asset complexity of the other segments of the oil and gas industry.
Success in the midstream segment depends on many external forces including:
-Upstream operations continuous delivery of reserves
-Refinery margins that encourage refined product production
-Health of the downstream, natural gas, and petrochemical industry markets.
-Natural gas price levels that impact the attractiveness of NGL’s as feedstock
-Political sentiment for pipeline expansion and “not in my backyard” hurdles
While the midstream gathering and processing sector is relatively free of commercial regulation, the movement of gas by interstate pipelines and subsequent state level distribution activities are highly regulated in the US by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - DownstreamEKT Interactive
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas
What is Downstream?
This Downstream module includes the following sections:
-Downstream Business Characteristics
-Refining – Products and Participants
-Consumption – The Final Step in Adding Value
-Marketing and Retail
Downstream
Processing, transporting and selling refined products made from crude oil is the business of the downstream segment of the oil and gas industry.
Key downstream business sectors include:
-Oil Refining
-Supply and Trading
-Product Marketing and Retail
The downstream industry provides thousands of products to end-user customers around the globe.
Many products are familiar such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and asphalt for roads. Others are not as familiar such as lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers and pesticides.
The downstream segment is a margin business. Margin is defined as the difference between the price realized for the products produced from the crude oil and the cost of the crude delivered to the refinery.
Although the price of crude sets the absolute level of product prices, it may or may not affect refining or marketing margins. Downstream margins tend to be reduced, or squeezed, when crude price increases often cannot be recovered in the marketplace. On the other hand, margins tend to hold, or even increase, when crude prices drop and the marketplace more slowly adjusts to these lower crude prices.
The downstream segment includes complex and diverse activities including manufacturing, petrochemical refining, distribution, and retail.
A global perspective is important because of the global nature of the energy supply chain as well as the impact of supply and demand on both feedstock and product prices.
Brief details of oil refining,oil products and pricing #oil #refining. It is a part of Oil Management. Interested people can gather knowledge from this PPT
The presentation talks about:
1. Oil and Gas industry
2. Oil and Gas demand and Supply in India
3. Key growth drivers
4. SWOT analysis of the company
5. Porter's 5 forces
6. Value Chain Model
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Oil and Gas Exploration
This brief overview of exploration includes segments on exploration processes, some historical perspective including an explanation of hydrocarbons, and finally we’ll discuss the ‘basin-play concept’.
There are 4 key steps to summarize the oil and gas exploration process:
First is understanding and evaluating the geologic setting, called a play,
Next is obtaining access to the potential reserves usually in the form of a lease.
The third step is determining where to drill and completing a successful discovery or “wildcat” well.
Finally, additional hydrocarbon reserves can be added to the portfolio of an oil company using guidelines set by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Oil and gas is composed of compressed hydrocarbons. It was formed millions of years ago in a process that began when plant and animal remains were covered by very deep layers of sediment – minute particles of rock and minerals. With time, extreme pressure and high temperatures, these particles became a mix of both solid (coal) and liquid hydrocarbons. Even diamonds are a form of hydrocarbons.
Early oil discoveries were traced from natural hydrocarbon seeps at the surface. Many major fields of California, Oklahoma, Mexico, Iran, Iraq and Indonesia were related to surface hydrocarbon seeps.
Introduction to Oil and Gas Industry from Upstream (Exploration & Production), Midstream (Transportation & Storage), to Downstream (Refining, Petrochemical, & Marketing)
Among the world’s various sources of energy, petroleum is the most widely used and important natural resource. This module explains the world's petroleum resources, in general.
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - MidstreamEKT Interactive
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - Midstream
What is Midstream? This Midstream content is derived from our Oil 101 Midstream ebook and can be found in our oil and gas learning community.
This Midstream module includes the following sections (use the links below for quick access):
Midstream Business Characteristics
Midstream Participants
Processing – The Next Step in Adding Value
Transportation
Storage
Midstream - As its name implies, the midstream segment encompasses facilities and processes that sit between the upstream and downstream segments. Activities can include processing, storage and transportation of crude oil and natural gas.
In most cases, oil and gas reserves are not located in the same geographic location as refining assets and major consumption regions.
Transportation is a big part of midstream activities and can include using pipelines, trucking fleets, tanker ships, and rail cars.
The midstream segment is separated from upstream and downstream in most oil companies because it is considered a low risk, regulated type of business. It does not fit the risk profile or asset complexity of the other segments of the oil and gas industry.
Success in the midstream segment depends on many external forces including:
-Upstream operations continuous delivery of reserves
-Refinery margins that encourage refined product production
-Health of the downstream, natural gas, and petrochemical industry markets.
-Natural gas price levels that impact the attractiveness of NGL’s as feedstock
-Political sentiment for pipeline expansion and “not in my backyard” hurdles
While the midstream gathering and processing sector is relatively free of commercial regulation, the movement of gas by interstate pipelines and subsequent state level distribution activities are highly regulated in the US by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - DownstreamEKT Interactive
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas
What is Downstream?
This Downstream module includes the following sections:
-Downstream Business Characteristics
-Refining – Products and Participants
-Consumption – The Final Step in Adding Value
-Marketing and Retail
Downstream
Processing, transporting and selling refined products made from crude oil is the business of the downstream segment of the oil and gas industry.
Key downstream business sectors include:
-Oil Refining
-Supply and Trading
-Product Marketing and Retail
The downstream industry provides thousands of products to end-user customers around the globe.
Many products are familiar such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and asphalt for roads. Others are not as familiar such as lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers and pesticides.
The downstream segment is a margin business. Margin is defined as the difference between the price realized for the products produced from the crude oil and the cost of the crude delivered to the refinery.
Although the price of crude sets the absolute level of product prices, it may or may not affect refining or marketing margins. Downstream margins tend to be reduced, or squeezed, when crude price increases often cannot be recovered in the marketplace. On the other hand, margins tend to hold, or even increase, when crude prices drop and the marketplace more slowly adjusts to these lower crude prices.
The downstream segment includes complex and diverse activities including manufacturing, petrochemical refining, distribution, and retail.
A global perspective is important because of the global nature of the energy supply chain as well as the impact of supply and demand on both feedstock and product prices.
Brief details of oil refining,oil products and pricing #oil #refining. It is a part of Oil Management. Interested people can gather knowledge from this PPT
The presentation talks about:
1. Oil and Gas industry
2. Oil and Gas demand and Supply in India
3. Key growth drivers
4. SWOT analysis of the company
5. Porter's 5 forces
6. Value Chain Model
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Oil and Gas Exploration
This brief overview of exploration includes segments on exploration processes, some historical perspective including an explanation of hydrocarbons, and finally we’ll discuss the ‘basin-play concept’.
There are 4 key steps to summarize the oil and gas exploration process:
First is understanding and evaluating the geologic setting, called a play,
Next is obtaining access to the potential reserves usually in the form of a lease.
The third step is determining where to drill and completing a successful discovery or “wildcat” well.
Finally, additional hydrocarbon reserves can be added to the portfolio of an oil company using guidelines set by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Oil and gas is composed of compressed hydrocarbons. It was formed millions of years ago in a process that began when plant and animal remains were covered by very deep layers of sediment – minute particles of rock and minerals. With time, extreme pressure and high temperatures, these particles became a mix of both solid (coal) and liquid hydrocarbons. Even diamonds are a form of hydrocarbons.
Early oil discoveries were traced from natural hydrocarbon seeps at the surface. Many major fields of California, Oklahoma, Mexico, Iran, Iraq and Indonesia were related to surface hydrocarbon seeps.
BOI - INTERVENTION FUNDS: THE JOURNEY SO FAR” PRESENTED BY MR. WAHEED OLAG...Daniel Chinagozi
PRESENTATION AT THE
FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP’S SEMINAR
ORGANIZED BY THE LAGOS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRY (LCCI)
BOI’s mission is to transform Nigeria’s industrial sector and integrate it into the global economy by providing financial and business support services to existing and new industries to attain modern capabilities to produce goods that are competitive in both domestic and external markets.
Beyond Oil: Wither the Nigerian Economy - MuhtarRealnewsMag
Speech presented by Mansur Muhtar, vice president, Islamic Development Bank and former Nigerian minister of finance at the 7th Anniversary Lecture of Realnews on November 19, 2019.
A digital copy of the BH24 (12 January 2016 edition). Zimbabwe's premier business news free sheet published by the Zimpapers Newspapers Group (1980) Limited and available every week day from 15:30hrs to give a summary of the day's business news.
The Monetisation Opportunity: A Decade of Adding Value in Mozambique - I Hill...Hannovanstaden
Iman Hill, Vice President: Development and Production: Africa at Sasol Upstream Oil and Gas was a keynote speaker at the Oil Council Africa Assembly from 24 – 25 June 2014 in Paris. Iman presented “The monetisation opportunity: A decade of adding value in Mozambique”.
The Oil Council Africa Assembly unites over 800 oil and gas leaders from across the continent's upstream, midstream, banking and finance sectors with qualified investors from Europe, Asia and North America. For more information, visit www.oilcouncil.com
Hypothetical presentation of my Finance and Investment Strategy 2019-2024. The presentation is increasing public awareness about the importance of understanding finance and investment and the challenges that Ministers of Finance encounter as they allocate resources. The presentation made me appreciate the efforts that the current Minister of Finance Prof Mthuli Ncube is doing in trying to stabilise the economy through the Transitional Stabilisation Program (TSP) from 2018-2020. Comments from the public are welcome.
More recently, Nigeria began implementation of ambitious reforms aimed at significantly driving oil and gas industry impact on the domestic economy. This short paper focuses on major aspects on oil and gas industry regulation in Nigeria over the past 10 years, key impact of such regulations on the economy, challenges faced and highlights discussion points for the future.
We are a firm of Chartered Accountants who have drafted a proposal for providing stimulus to our entrepreneurs without much compromise on revenue targets set by the Finance Ministry. We have emailed this proposal to Hon. Minister of Finance Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman Ji on 27th April 2020.
We are sure that if implemented with right spirit, our countrymen are motivated enough to help kick-start the growth and development of our nation at a desired speed to make it a US$ 5-trillion economy.
Greg Spencer talks about the Paradigm Project, a for-profit business providing healthy, efficient stoves to Africa that drastically reduces a family's consumption of wood and inhalation of smoke and improves their economic stability.
Not only does The Paradigm Project help the poor, it leverages billions of dollars of value in the carbon markets, reduces deforestation, and changes the paradigm faced by many that creating profits from the poor cannot profit for the poor.
Be sure to check out the other presentations, videos and audio recordings from the conference at www.tbnetwork.org/uknc11/media
TBN National Conf. '11 - Greg Spencer - The Paradigm Project
Brochure2 For Micro Refining
1. Socio-Economic Benefits
• Provide direct employment to +/- 350 skilled,
semi-skilled and unskilled people, with
employment inter-linkages to over 1000
persons solving other socio-economic
problems.
• Reverse the migration of jobs out of LGA (or
the Niger Delta) by employing would-be
militant youths thereby enhancing security
and prosperity for all.
• Guarantee profitability in a reasonably short
time frame. Installation can be made
operational in 12 months. And have net
positive revenues within 3 years.
• Ensure availability of much needed
petroleum products in the immediate vicinity.
• Be a catalyst for prosperity, industrial growth
and manpower development in the wider
petroleum sector.
• Foster cooperation between industry and
communities, as all stakeholders are to be
consulted prior to investment decision, and
able to partake in its establishment and
operation.
• Simple design and operation, laying a good
foundation for training indigenous manpower
in technical and managerial skills required for
more complex projects in the oil and gas
sector.
• Profitability is guaranteed. Expansion can be
financed from within. The local government
can use royalty and tax revenues from this
enterprise to offset educational, health and
social infrastructure project costs.
S E M P E R
19 Beechfield Close, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire
United Kingdom, WD6 4NT
www.semper.org
SEMPER® Inc. is a Registered Charity for Socio-
Economic Development with specific expertise in
the Oil & Gas industry. We offer our expertise to
prospective Clients genuinely interested in
achieving social investment and responsibility
goals by establishing a small scale but standard
and licensed crude oil refinery. In this instance
SEMPER® Inc. proposes to establish a Pilot
Scheme to be based close to the Sponsor’s
operational or nominated base in the environs of
its host-communities. Our mantra is: Big things
start small. We hope to grow the enterprise to
meet national demand for refined petroleum
products, and also create jobs, eliminate poverty
and promote population well-being and health
in host communities..
Vision:
To establish a pioneer facility to demonstrate that
micro-scale crude oil refining operations can be
profitable, to enable indigenous participation in
mid-stream oil and gas operations.
SOCIO-ECONOMICS
OF MICRO REFINING
A Micro Refinery Project is a least cost option to
stop crude oil theft, environmental degradation
and militancy, while creating jobs, boost tax
revenues and enhance sustainable development
in the Niger Delta.
This idea is based on the hypothesis … “that the
principal cause of militancy, insurgency and
instability in the Niger Delta is lack of opportunities
for sustainable employment; when this issue is
addressed, a peaceful environment will thrive,
leading to socio-economic improvement”.
“And for he Enterprise to be managed through a
Non-Governmental Organisation”
A Registered Charity For
Socio-Economic Development
SEMPER
2. OV ERV IEW OF MICRO REFINING
Crude oil refining is capital intensive. The refining industry can be classified into three distinct zones,
defined by the size, complexity and start-up cost of the refinery, as below:
Maxi - large capacity, huge cost; Mini - medium capacity, high cost; Micro - small capacity (less
than 5000 barrels/day), low start-up cost, simple operations, quick installation, profitable
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY: 350+ JOBS
Engage over 50 skilled and 300 semi-skilled and unskilled
persons directly and indirectly in its operations. Employees
pay taxes, which will contribute to social infrastructure
improvement. Development inter-linkages include
education, health and transportation, and improved local
governance. Manpower engaged and trained by its
operations is a bonus for Sponsor as a pool for later
AVAILABILITY OF PRODUCTS: 42 M LITRES PA
A 1000 barrels per day Micro Refinery will produce a
combined 42 million litres of Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene and
HPFO per annum, making these basic products available
in the locality. The net cost of delivery to consumers is
reduced as importation is eliminated; Sponsor gets first
option of products supply, and saves on contracts, while
supporting social infrastructure.
PROFITABLE: $22.8 M NET REVENUE IN 5 YEARS
An initial investment of $10 million pays out in a relatively
short time. Expansion, can be financed from within.
Economic indicators are favourable and sustainable. If
financed by loan, the principal amount can be amortised
in 3 years post start-up, with a net revenue of S75 million in
ten years, even at today’s high interest rates and
regulated petroleum products prices.
Discourage Illegal refining Environmental degradation
Basic Refinery model Basic Refinery model
Positive cashflow in 3rd year Restore Environment
A Development ‘Game-Changer’
The aim is to quell restiveness in the Niger Delta
through sustainable investment in crude oil
processing facilities; making the basic petroleum
products available in a sustainable way. By
adding value to the abundant crude oil resource,
we will provide employment, encourage enterprise
and re-orient societal values from expectancy in
government ‘hand-outs’ to participation in
contributing to social infrastructure through taxes
from earnings. Government does not need to
invest more in infrastructure – there are enough
roads, bridges, etc. while their sustenance is
lacking. Future investment should be directed at
sustainable wealth creation. From these ‘simple
grass-roots industries’ other inter-linkages -
investment in primary education and healthcare,
and full exploitation of water-borne transportation
– are to be explored. Ultimately the region will
have better educated, healthy and enterprising
populace, further increasing production capacity
and lay a solid foundation for genuine
development.
A Micro Refinery will be the catalyst for sustainable
socio-economic development