This document discusses local content policies and rules governing the oil and gas industry in Tanzania. It begins by defining local content and outlining key principles like competitiveness and protectionism. It then addresses challenges like lack of skills and infrastructure. The document examines Tanzania's current policy focus on increasing employment and reducing costs. It also reviews trade agreements that can limit local content discretion and strategies like developing industrial clusters to promote local content. Throughout, it references Tanzania's laws, regulations and policies that aim to maximize local participation in the oil and gas sector.
Successful Local Content Strategies Presentation Tanzania Feb 2015Jessica Kyeyune
The document summarizes key points about developing local content strategies for oil and gas industries in order to maximize economic benefits and avoid the resource curse. Some key points:
- Local content strategies aim to increase local employment, procurement of local supplies/services, and development of local supplier capacity. However, overambitious goals can backfire if local capabilities are not ready.
- Countries like Norway, UK, Brazil have had success through partnerships with oil companies that transfer skills/technology and focus on national value creation rather than just ownership.
- Managing public expectations is important to avoid negative consequences of unfulfilled expectations like debt, rent-seeking, and public distrust. Transparency about challenges and lessons from other countries can
Jessica Kyeyune - Building Local Content Capacity in Africas Oil & Gas Emer...Jessica Kyeyune
This document discusses capacity building as a prerequisite for successful local content development in emerging economies with oil and gas industries. It notes that capacity building involves strengthening skills, processes, and resources to enable effective participation and management of the oil and gas sector. The document emphasizes that emerging economies need capacity building strategies to close gaps between local supply capabilities and industry standards, develop educational and technical institutions, and build infrastructure to support local entrepreneurship and competitiveness in the oil and gas supply chain. Overall capacity building is framed as critical for emerging economies to sustainably manage their oil and gas resources and revenues.
The presentation unpacks the key concepts covered by local content policies in the mining sector. It highlights in particular the key characteristics of local content policies and the link between LCPs and the international trade and investment frameworks.
This presentation highlights the main rationale for local content policies in the mining sector. It highlights in particular arguments around the importance of using the mining sector as a stepping stone for broader diversification.
The document discusses India's growing services sector and its increasing involvement in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) regarding services. It notes that the growth of India's services sector output and contribution to GDP has been significant in recent years. As a result, India has engaged in negotiations through the WTO and in signing PTAs to further open its services markets and increase exports. While initially focused on IT/ITES, India is now positioned to offer many other services sectors and has taken a generally liberal approach in negotiations, with some restrictions on mode 4 delivery. The paper analyzes India's commitments and sectors of interest in various existing and negotiating PTAs to understand how it is gradually further opening its services markets through regional trade agreements.
The document provides an overview of corporate taxation in China. Some key points:
1) China implemented a new Corporate Income Tax Law on January 1, 2008 that unified the tax rate for foreign and domestic companies at 25%, phasing out preferential rates previously enjoyed by foreign firms.
2) Certain sectors like high-tech may qualify for a preferential 15% rate. Small companies meet certain criteria qualify for 20% rate.
3) The new law aims to simplify the previous complex tax rules but some tax holidays and incentives will remain for qualifying companies.
4) The State Administration of Taxation administers tax policies set by the State Council and Ministry of Finance. China's tax system includes both direct corporate
The document summarizes the key discussions and outcomes from a conference on bridging infrastructure gaps through smart investment held in Lima, Peru on July 7-8, 2014. The conference focused on investment in infrastructure such as energy and transport, the role of long-term investors and private equity, and promoting investment. Key topics included the infrastructure investment gap in Latin America, examples of successful public-private partnerships, challenges around risk allocation and financing clean energy projects, and the role of various players like national development banks and long-term institutional investors in funding infrastructure.
Successful Local Content Strategies Presentation Tanzania Feb 2015Jessica Kyeyune
The document summarizes key points about developing local content strategies for oil and gas industries in order to maximize economic benefits and avoid the resource curse. Some key points:
- Local content strategies aim to increase local employment, procurement of local supplies/services, and development of local supplier capacity. However, overambitious goals can backfire if local capabilities are not ready.
- Countries like Norway, UK, Brazil have had success through partnerships with oil companies that transfer skills/technology and focus on national value creation rather than just ownership.
- Managing public expectations is important to avoid negative consequences of unfulfilled expectations like debt, rent-seeking, and public distrust. Transparency about challenges and lessons from other countries can
Jessica Kyeyune - Building Local Content Capacity in Africas Oil & Gas Emer...Jessica Kyeyune
This document discusses capacity building as a prerequisite for successful local content development in emerging economies with oil and gas industries. It notes that capacity building involves strengthening skills, processes, and resources to enable effective participation and management of the oil and gas sector. The document emphasizes that emerging economies need capacity building strategies to close gaps between local supply capabilities and industry standards, develop educational and technical institutions, and build infrastructure to support local entrepreneurship and competitiveness in the oil and gas supply chain. Overall capacity building is framed as critical for emerging economies to sustainably manage their oil and gas resources and revenues.
The presentation unpacks the key concepts covered by local content policies in the mining sector. It highlights in particular the key characteristics of local content policies and the link between LCPs and the international trade and investment frameworks.
This presentation highlights the main rationale for local content policies in the mining sector. It highlights in particular arguments around the importance of using the mining sector as a stepping stone for broader diversification.
The document discusses India's growing services sector and its increasing involvement in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) regarding services. It notes that the growth of India's services sector output and contribution to GDP has been significant in recent years. As a result, India has engaged in negotiations through the WTO and in signing PTAs to further open its services markets and increase exports. While initially focused on IT/ITES, India is now positioned to offer many other services sectors and has taken a generally liberal approach in negotiations, with some restrictions on mode 4 delivery. The paper analyzes India's commitments and sectors of interest in various existing and negotiating PTAs to understand how it is gradually further opening its services markets through regional trade agreements.
The document provides an overview of corporate taxation in China. Some key points:
1) China implemented a new Corporate Income Tax Law on January 1, 2008 that unified the tax rate for foreign and domestic companies at 25%, phasing out preferential rates previously enjoyed by foreign firms.
2) Certain sectors like high-tech may qualify for a preferential 15% rate. Small companies meet certain criteria qualify for 20% rate.
3) The new law aims to simplify the previous complex tax rules but some tax holidays and incentives will remain for qualifying companies.
4) The State Administration of Taxation administers tax policies set by the State Council and Ministry of Finance. China's tax system includes both direct corporate
The document summarizes the key discussions and outcomes from a conference on bridging infrastructure gaps through smart investment held in Lima, Peru on July 7-8, 2014. The conference focused on investment in infrastructure such as energy and transport, the role of long-term investors and private equity, and promoting investment. Key topics included the infrastructure investment gap in Latin America, examples of successful public-private partnerships, challenges around risk allocation and financing clean energy projects, and the role of various players like national development banks and long-term institutional investors in funding infrastructure.
The document discusses whether economic reforms in India have caused regional inequality in growth across states. It acknowledges that while reforms aim to increase efficiency nationwide, they may lead to investment reallocating towards states with better infrastructure, skills, and policies. This can accelerate growth in some states but decelerate it in others less well-positioned to attract investment. The determinants of state growth, like investment ratios, plan expenditures, human capital and infrastructure quality, are then analyzed to better understand their relationship with economic reforms and divergence in state growth rates.
Privatization refers to the transfer of ownership of public assets or services to private entities. This can increase efficiency and competition by reducing government involvement and political interference in commercial activities. Main methods of privatization include share issues, asset sales, and voucher programs. Privatization has led to improved infrastructure like toll roads and ports in some cases. However, private entities prioritize profits over community interests, and may not serve rural areas.
Nigeria needs $350 billion to address its infrastructure gap over the next 10 years according to the African Development Bank. The government's revenue is only $30 billion, mostly from oil, so it must raise income and involve the private sector. Key priorities are expanding investment in infrastructure, establishing stable economic policies, reducing oil dependence, and increasing skills training. Challenges include low private investment, youth unemployment, economic instability from corruption and violence. Nigeria must make major capital investments across sectors like power, roads, and sanitation to achieve development goals by 2030. Financing will require increasing domestic revenue, sovereign wealth funds, government bonds, and private investment facilitated by extended loan terms and guarantees.
Foreign Trade and Investment And Its CompetitivenessTapu Taba
The document discusses foreign trade and investment in India. It defines foreign direct investment and explains how the Indian government controls and regulates FDI through policies around restricted, prohibited and unrestricted sectors. It also discusses factors that influence India's competitiveness in global trade, noting that India ranks 40th in competitiveness out of 137 countries. Key trade statistics are provided, such as India's top trading partners and the commodities involved in its largest exports and imports.
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are commercial entities owned by a government. In South Africa, major SOEs include Eskom (electricity), Transnet (logistics), Denel (defense), and South African Express (airline). SOEs often operate in sectors with natural monopolies like utilities or where the government has strategic interests. The Department of Public Enterprises oversees South Africa's SOEs and works to ensure they execute national policies while pursuing financial sustainability. However, many SOEs are underperforming financially, which strains national investment. The department employs various programs and a three-phased approach to set SOEs on a path to improved operational and financial performance.
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Lao P.D.R. is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/viet-nam-investment-policy.htm
Liberal party of canada - Mandate to Grow the Middle Classpaul young cpa, cga
Many government to get elected make promises as part of their election campaign. Once in office it then becomes incumbent on the ruling party to implement policies that support their mandate
Liberal Party of Canada campaign was about expanding the middle class. This presentation will focus on wages and employment since the Liberal Party took office November 1, 2015
The document discusses local content requirements in Myanmar's oil and gas sector. It provides examples from other countries on developing local content strategies and recommendations. Ghana's local content laws require minimum thresholds for local employment and procurement that increase over time. The document also describes initiatives in Ghana and Tanzania to boost local SME capacity and link them to opportunities in the oil and gas industry.
This document discusses measuring a country's economic performance using gross domestic product (GDP). It begins by introducing GDP and how it is used to make international comparisons of economic size. It then outlines how GDP is calculated using both the expenditure and income approaches. Key points include defining GDP as the total market value of final goods and services produced domestically in a year, and explaining how GDP is adjusted for inflation to derive real GDP. The document also notes limitations of GDP as a measure of overall welfare.
The document summarizes responses to the draft of the Addis Ababa Accord on financing for development. It commends recognition of current issues and commitments to gender equality, human rights, and sustainability. It calls for integrating values of gender justice, climate justice, and sustainable development. It highlights the need to strengthen tax systems and review tax exemptions for multinational companies. It calls for enabling environments and policy frameworks to align private investment with sustainable development. It recommends financing sustainable low-carbon development and renewable energy. It acknowledges the importance of regulatory frameworks and calls for commitments to technology, data sharing, and accountability.
The document contains comments from the Business and Industry Major Group on a zero draft text for March intersessional meetings. Key points include:
- Support for balancing public access to information with protection of intellectual property rights and personal data.
- Concerns about compulsory sustainability reporting and a preference for voluntary reporting schemes.
- Views on the green economy focusing on integrated policymaking rather than rigid rules.
- Comments on various paragraphs related to technology development and transfer, agricultural development, chemicals management, and establishing sustainable development goals.
This document provides an overview of privatization in Pakistan, including its history, key phases, successes and failures. Some key points:
- Privatization began in the 1950s but intensified in the 1980s-2000s under various governments seeking to improve economic growth. Major state assets were sold off to private owners.
- The largest phase was in the early 2000s under Shaukat Aziz, where 80% of banking and other major industries were privatized. This led to improved GDP growth.
- However, some privatizations like K-Electric failed due to mismanagement by new owners. There was also lack of transparency and allegations of corruption in the privatization process.
-
This document provides an introduction to the topics covered in international economics. It discusses that international economics examines how nations interact through trade, money flows, and investment. The key topics that will be covered are gains from trade, patterns of trade, effects of government trade policies, balance of payments, exchange rates, and international capital markets. International economics has grown in importance as countries have become more interconnected through trade and finance.
This document discusses local tax reform in Scotland. It provides context around long-running debates on local government finance and the relationship between local and national governments. The council tax, introduced in 1991, is criticized for not being revalued since 1991 prices and for having tax bills that are compressed relative to property values. The Commission on Local Tax Reform aims to provide reform options, including potentially ending the council tax freeze, but its scope is limited and does not address the broader balance of funding issues.
OECD Principles on Public-Private PartnershipsOECD Governance
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are long term agreements between the government and a private partner whereby the private partner delivers and funds public services using a capital asset, sharing the associated risks. PPPs may deliver public services both with regards to infrastructure assets (such as bridges, roads) and social assets (such as hospitals, utilities, prisons).
The interest in PPPs has been growing in recent years and the need for fiscal restraint in most OECD Member countries is expected to further increase their usage. This presents policy makers with particular challenges that should be met with prudent institutional answers.
The Principles for Public Governance of Public-Private Partnerships provide concrete guidance to policy makers on how to make sure that Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) represent value for money for the public sector.
For more information please see www.oecd.org/gov/budgeting/oecd-principles-for-public-governance-of-public-private-partnerships.htm
The document discusses privatization, including what it is, the reasons for it, and problems that can arise. Privatization involves transferring ownership or management of public sector enterprises to private entities. It is done to improve finances and efficiency while reducing government debt. However, it can also result in job losses if not implemented carefully with social safety nets and programs to retrain workers. The document also outlines some notable large-scale privatizations that have occurred.
MINERAL VALUE CHAIN PROMOTES ECONOMIC GROWTHGrain Malunga
The document discusses how mining value chains can promote economic growth. It defines mining value chains as including exploration, valuation, mining, beneficiation, and marketing activities. When these activities are properly managed, they bring long-term benefits like employment, skills development, technology advancement, and trade opportunities. Local communities can benefit through goods and services supplied to mines and development of infrastructure, which helps diversify and strengthen the overall economy. However, poor governance and lack of transparency can undermine these benefits and cause negative impacts like "Dutch Disease".
This document summarizes a workshop report on deepening economic diversification in Zambia and the Copperbelt region. The workshop brought together government officials, donors, and private sector stakeholders to identify opportunities and feasible projects to diversify the economy away from dependence on copper mining. Key recommendations included building on comparative advantages in agriculture, gemstones, hydroelectric power, and infrastructure to attract investment. The policy framework needs reform to reduce inflation, lower taxes, reduce costs, and improve services to create a more competitive environment and attract entrepreneurs. Pilot projects in a designated "Free Zone" on the Copperbelt could help implement and coordinate initial diversification efforts.
The Monetisation Opportunity: A Decade of Adding Value in Mozambique - I Hill...Hannovanstaden
Iman Hill, Vice President: Development and Production: Africa at Sasol Upstream Oil and Gas was a keynote speaker at the Oil Council Africa Assembly from 24 – 25 June 2014 in Paris. Iman presented “The monetisation opportunity: A decade of adding value in Mozambique”.
The Oil Council Africa Assembly unites over 800 oil and gas leaders from across the continent's upstream, midstream, banking and finance sectors with qualified investors from Europe, Asia and North America. For more information, visit www.oilcouncil.com
The document discusses bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and their relationship to foreign direct investment (FDI) flows between countries. It provides an overview of BITs and their main roles in protecting foreign investors and investments. The document then reviews previous research that has found both positive and negative impacts of BITs on FDI. It also includes regional analyses of the relationships between the number of BITs and other international agreements, and FDI flows within the Southern African Development Community and East African Community regions. The conclusion discusses ways Tanzania could potentially update its BIT provisions and policies to better attract foreign investment.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses whether economic reforms in India have caused regional inequality in growth across states. It acknowledges that while reforms aim to increase efficiency nationwide, they may lead to investment reallocating towards states with better infrastructure, skills, and policies. This can accelerate growth in some states but decelerate it in others less well-positioned to attract investment. The determinants of state growth, like investment ratios, plan expenditures, human capital and infrastructure quality, are then analyzed to better understand their relationship with economic reforms and divergence in state growth rates.
Privatization refers to the transfer of ownership of public assets or services to private entities. This can increase efficiency and competition by reducing government involvement and political interference in commercial activities. Main methods of privatization include share issues, asset sales, and voucher programs. Privatization has led to improved infrastructure like toll roads and ports in some cases. However, private entities prioritize profits over community interests, and may not serve rural areas.
Nigeria needs $350 billion to address its infrastructure gap over the next 10 years according to the African Development Bank. The government's revenue is only $30 billion, mostly from oil, so it must raise income and involve the private sector. Key priorities are expanding investment in infrastructure, establishing stable economic policies, reducing oil dependence, and increasing skills training. Challenges include low private investment, youth unemployment, economic instability from corruption and violence. Nigeria must make major capital investments across sectors like power, roads, and sanitation to achieve development goals by 2030. Financing will require increasing domestic revenue, sovereign wealth funds, government bonds, and private investment facilitated by extended loan terms and guarantees.
Foreign Trade and Investment And Its CompetitivenessTapu Taba
The document discusses foreign trade and investment in India. It defines foreign direct investment and explains how the Indian government controls and regulates FDI through policies around restricted, prohibited and unrestricted sectors. It also discusses factors that influence India's competitiveness in global trade, noting that India ranks 40th in competitiveness out of 137 countries. Key trade statistics are provided, such as India's top trading partners and the commodities involved in its largest exports and imports.
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are commercial entities owned by a government. In South Africa, major SOEs include Eskom (electricity), Transnet (logistics), Denel (defense), and South African Express (airline). SOEs often operate in sectors with natural monopolies like utilities or where the government has strategic interests. The Department of Public Enterprises oversees South Africa's SOEs and works to ensure they execute national policies while pursuing financial sustainability. However, many SOEs are underperforming financially, which strains national investment. The department employs various programs and a three-phased approach to set SOEs on a path to improved operational and financial performance.
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Lao P.D.R. is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/viet-nam-investment-policy.htm
Liberal party of canada - Mandate to Grow the Middle Classpaul young cpa, cga
Many government to get elected make promises as part of their election campaign. Once in office it then becomes incumbent on the ruling party to implement policies that support their mandate
Liberal Party of Canada campaign was about expanding the middle class. This presentation will focus on wages and employment since the Liberal Party took office November 1, 2015
The document discusses local content requirements in Myanmar's oil and gas sector. It provides examples from other countries on developing local content strategies and recommendations. Ghana's local content laws require minimum thresholds for local employment and procurement that increase over time. The document also describes initiatives in Ghana and Tanzania to boost local SME capacity and link them to opportunities in the oil and gas industry.
This document discusses measuring a country's economic performance using gross domestic product (GDP). It begins by introducing GDP and how it is used to make international comparisons of economic size. It then outlines how GDP is calculated using both the expenditure and income approaches. Key points include defining GDP as the total market value of final goods and services produced domestically in a year, and explaining how GDP is adjusted for inflation to derive real GDP. The document also notes limitations of GDP as a measure of overall welfare.
The document summarizes responses to the draft of the Addis Ababa Accord on financing for development. It commends recognition of current issues and commitments to gender equality, human rights, and sustainability. It calls for integrating values of gender justice, climate justice, and sustainable development. It highlights the need to strengthen tax systems and review tax exemptions for multinational companies. It calls for enabling environments and policy frameworks to align private investment with sustainable development. It recommends financing sustainable low-carbon development and renewable energy. It acknowledges the importance of regulatory frameworks and calls for commitments to technology, data sharing, and accountability.
The document contains comments from the Business and Industry Major Group on a zero draft text for March intersessional meetings. Key points include:
- Support for balancing public access to information with protection of intellectual property rights and personal data.
- Concerns about compulsory sustainability reporting and a preference for voluntary reporting schemes.
- Views on the green economy focusing on integrated policymaking rather than rigid rules.
- Comments on various paragraphs related to technology development and transfer, agricultural development, chemicals management, and establishing sustainable development goals.
This document provides an overview of privatization in Pakistan, including its history, key phases, successes and failures. Some key points:
- Privatization began in the 1950s but intensified in the 1980s-2000s under various governments seeking to improve economic growth. Major state assets were sold off to private owners.
- The largest phase was in the early 2000s under Shaukat Aziz, where 80% of banking and other major industries were privatized. This led to improved GDP growth.
- However, some privatizations like K-Electric failed due to mismanagement by new owners. There was also lack of transparency and allegations of corruption in the privatization process.
-
This document provides an introduction to the topics covered in international economics. It discusses that international economics examines how nations interact through trade, money flows, and investment. The key topics that will be covered are gains from trade, patterns of trade, effects of government trade policies, balance of payments, exchange rates, and international capital markets. International economics has grown in importance as countries have become more interconnected through trade and finance.
This document discusses local tax reform in Scotland. It provides context around long-running debates on local government finance and the relationship between local and national governments. The council tax, introduced in 1991, is criticized for not being revalued since 1991 prices and for having tax bills that are compressed relative to property values. The Commission on Local Tax Reform aims to provide reform options, including potentially ending the council tax freeze, but its scope is limited and does not address the broader balance of funding issues.
OECD Principles on Public-Private PartnershipsOECD Governance
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are long term agreements between the government and a private partner whereby the private partner delivers and funds public services using a capital asset, sharing the associated risks. PPPs may deliver public services both with regards to infrastructure assets (such as bridges, roads) and social assets (such as hospitals, utilities, prisons).
The interest in PPPs has been growing in recent years and the need for fiscal restraint in most OECD Member countries is expected to further increase their usage. This presents policy makers with particular challenges that should be met with prudent institutional answers.
The Principles for Public Governance of Public-Private Partnerships provide concrete guidance to policy makers on how to make sure that Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) represent value for money for the public sector.
For more information please see www.oecd.org/gov/budgeting/oecd-principles-for-public-governance-of-public-private-partnerships.htm
The document discusses privatization, including what it is, the reasons for it, and problems that can arise. Privatization involves transferring ownership or management of public sector enterprises to private entities. It is done to improve finances and efficiency while reducing government debt. However, it can also result in job losses if not implemented carefully with social safety nets and programs to retrain workers. The document also outlines some notable large-scale privatizations that have occurred.
MINERAL VALUE CHAIN PROMOTES ECONOMIC GROWTHGrain Malunga
The document discusses how mining value chains can promote economic growth. It defines mining value chains as including exploration, valuation, mining, beneficiation, and marketing activities. When these activities are properly managed, they bring long-term benefits like employment, skills development, technology advancement, and trade opportunities. Local communities can benefit through goods and services supplied to mines and development of infrastructure, which helps diversify and strengthen the overall economy. However, poor governance and lack of transparency can undermine these benefits and cause negative impacts like "Dutch Disease".
This document summarizes a workshop report on deepening economic diversification in Zambia and the Copperbelt region. The workshop brought together government officials, donors, and private sector stakeholders to identify opportunities and feasible projects to diversify the economy away from dependence on copper mining. Key recommendations included building on comparative advantages in agriculture, gemstones, hydroelectric power, and infrastructure to attract investment. The policy framework needs reform to reduce inflation, lower taxes, reduce costs, and improve services to create a more competitive environment and attract entrepreneurs. Pilot projects in a designated "Free Zone" on the Copperbelt could help implement and coordinate initial diversification efforts.
The Monetisation Opportunity: A Decade of Adding Value in Mozambique - I Hill...Hannovanstaden
Iman Hill, Vice President: Development and Production: Africa at Sasol Upstream Oil and Gas was a keynote speaker at the Oil Council Africa Assembly from 24 – 25 June 2014 in Paris. Iman presented “The monetisation opportunity: A decade of adding value in Mozambique”.
The Oil Council Africa Assembly unites over 800 oil and gas leaders from across the continent's upstream, midstream, banking and finance sectors with qualified investors from Europe, Asia and North America. For more information, visit www.oilcouncil.com
The document discusses bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and their relationship to foreign direct investment (FDI) flows between countries. It provides an overview of BITs and their main roles in protecting foreign investors and investments. The document then reviews previous research that has found both positive and negative impacts of BITs on FDI. It also includes regional analyses of the relationships between the number of BITs and other international agreements, and FDI flows within the Southern African Development Community and East African Community regions. The conclusion discusses ways Tanzania could potentially update its BIT provisions and policies to better attract foreign investment.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document introduces the candidate sourcing company vsource. It describes how vsource uses technology like resume parsing, boolean logic, and data science to build pipelines of qualified candidates for its clients. This allows recruiters to maximize their time focusing on outreach and assessments rather than manual research. The document outlines vsource's proposed 100 day pilot program where they would work with a client to understand needs, kick off services, provide reports and analytics, and propose an ongoing engagement at the end.
Jim Carrey is a Canadian American actor, comedian, and film producer known for his energetic slapstick performances. He was born in 1962 in Canada and had a difficult childhood growing up poor. Some of his most popular and acclaimed films include Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, The Truman Show, Liar Liar, Bruce Almighty, and The Mask. Despite his great success, Carrey also suffered from depression for many years.
What prospects, instruments and challenges for African economies?
Conference on Local Content Policy in the Extractive Sector in Africa
Isabelle Ramdoo
Deputy Head of Programme, Economic Transformation and Trade, ECDPM
21 – 22 April 2015, Nairobi, Kenya
NOC, Local and Foreign Investor Interests in the Oil Sector - The New ParadigmDonald Ibebuike
1. NOCs now control over 90% of the world's proven oil and gas reserves, reversing their fortune from the 1970s when they controlled less than 10%. This has enabled NOCs to raise capital and outbid IOCs for assets.
2. IOCs now face challenges replacing reserves as resource-rich nations restrict access. In contrast, NOCs have an average reserve life of 78 years compared to 13 years for IOCs.
3. Leading NOCs like Petronas and Petrobras have become global players through investments in technology and expanding operations internationally, increasing competition for IOCs.
Nepal's economy relies heavily on agriculture, tourism, and remittances from overseas workers. It faces challenges of landlocked geography, small-scale farming, and poor infrastructure. Global value chains are important for Nepal's trade and development, with many firms specializing in simple parts and tasks. Key factors determining Nepal's participation in global and regional trade include its abundant low-skilled labor, proximity to major markets in India, and efforts to improve connectivity through policies like the National Transport Policy. Nepal is working to diversify its economy and trade through industrialization strategies, expansion of tourism, and development of other sectors like hydropower.
India requires massive investments estimated at $4.5 trillion over the next decade to meet its targets for renewable energy and urban sustainability. However, there are major impediments to attracting this level of investment, including restrictions on sectors and entry routes, inflexible labor laws, lack of consistent long-term policies, and bureaucratic delays. The document recommends reforms such as reducing restrictions, providing labor flexibility, promoting special economic zones, establishing independent regulators, and improving the business environment to facilitate the large-scale investments needed. It also discusses India's positive approach to working with multilateral development banks, which provided a record $43.1 billion in climate finance to developing countries in 2018.
Local content in the extractive sector: what opportunities in a challenging e...Isabelle Ramdoo
This presentation looks at local content policies in the extractive sector. It focuses in particular at the opportunities for developing countries in a challenging global environment
The document discusses opportunities for local content in the extractive sector in a challenging global economic environment. It notes that declining commodity prices are putting pressure on both resource-rich governments and mining companies. However, it argues this situation creates an opportunity to fundamentally change the relationship between companies and governments to spread the benefits of the mining sector more widely and increase economic resilience. Specifically, it emphasizes the need to clearly define local content goals and priorities, identify opportunities and gaps along the supply chain, and foster partnerships between governments and companies with shared targets and flexibility to changing conditions. Overall it promotes a collaborative approach where both sides work to capture local benefits from the extractive sector in a sustainable manner.
Skills development in the mining sector: Making more strategic use of local c...Isabelle Ramdoo
This presentation focuses essentially on the skills dimension of local content policies, and the need to lay a particular attention on training, competencies and skills strategies for future jobs in the mining sector
The document provides an overview of a World Bank report on improving investment climates. It discusses key points made in the report, including that governments should aim to create investment climates that benefit all firms and society. The report emphasizes reducing business costs, addressing gaps between policies and implementation, and tackling issues like corruption. It also discusses the report's perspectives on international rules and standards, and ways the international community can help developing countries improve their investment climates.
The South Trinidad Chamber of Industry and Commerce (STCIC) was contracted by the Caribbean Regional Negotiating Machinery (CRNM) to conduct an assessment of the energy services sector in selected CARIFORUM countries, with the underlying objective of making recommendations for how the sector could contribute to overall economic development and the trade negotiating agenda that should be pursued in support of this development.
This presentation presents the main findings from the 2020 OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar. This publication will be launched at a virtual event in the presence of Myanmar's Union Minister for Investment and Foreign Economic Relations. The launch was followed by a high-level panel discussion on “Attracting quality investment and building resilience through responsible business conduct and international labour standards". http://www.oecd.org/investment/oecd-investment-policy-reviews-myanmar-2020-d7984f44-en.htm
Snapshot of Canadian Local Procurement & Implications for CETA Part 1Genevieve Tran
Non-Federal procurement accounts for 85% of all spending by government in Canada (=almost $250 bn). So, trade agreements like CETA necessarily affect the ability of cities and provinces to use procurement strategically (they are required to open up to competition with trading partners over certain $ thresholds). However, that means that local governments do have some leeway to be strategic. Many people are concerned with the restrictions trade agreements like CETA pose on a city's ability to self-determine its socio-economy through government spending. But, first, are we even using the levels of control we have? Part 1 identifies what our leeway is / has long been under WTO and NAFTA and if it's even being used. Part 2 will find out how strategic procurement is (not) being used by Canada and its trading partners.
A national investment infrastructure bank {nib} presentation 1 11-11(01)Nigel Campbell
This document discusses the potential benefits of establishing a National Investment Infrastructure Bank (NIIB) in Trinidad and Tobago to facilitate public-private partnerships for infrastructure projects. It outlines examples from Canada and the UK where similar models have worked well. A NIIB could help address budget deficits, leverage available funds, and promote long-term planning. It would give greater control and transparency over projects while reducing political and financial risks.
Analysis of mines and minerals amendment bill 2007 versionZELA2013
The document discusses improving Zimbabwe's legislative framework for governing mining. It summarizes key issues in the draft bill, including license and contract awards. While the bill improves the process, it could be strengthened by introducing checks on executive power and specifying technical/financial qualifications. Adopting a standard model contract and single licensing authority would promote transparency and prevent abuse. Overall, developing a national mining policy would help define a shared vision and ensure coherent sector management.
An overview of IGF Guidance Local content policiesIsabelle Ramdoo
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1. PRINCIPLES AND RULES GOVERNING OIL & GAS:
A Focus on the Local Content in Tanzania
2. A: Meaning of Local Content and Principles
of LC
What is a Local Content?
•The added value brought to the country(URT) in
the activities of the oil and gas industry through
the participation and development of local
Tanzanians and local businesses through
national labour, technology, goods, services,
capital and research capability [Local Value
Addition].
•(It is) VALUE ADDITION leading to SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
and culminating also in JOB CREATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND LONG TERM GAINS.“The degree of local ownership, control and
financing by citizens of a nation, in a
specific venture or entity that promotes
and enables the optimal use of in country‐
3. LC develops conditions between the EI and the
host country local economy through;
1.Vertical linkages: linkages between the EI and
companies that are not engaged in oil extraction
that include;
Backward Linkage: supplying input to the local
economy through transfer of technology, the
generation of value-added in domestic supply
sectors, the creation of local employment
opportunities, and increasing local ownership
and control
Forward Linkage: processing the sector’s
output prior to export through, for example,
A: Meaning of Local Content and Principles
of LC
4. 2. Horizontal Linkage: linkage between foreign
investors and other extractive companies in
the same industry, e.g. technology agreements
with local or international natural resource
firms or joint venture collaborations with local
companies.
The Principles pertaining to Local Contents
encompass:
1. Competitiveness Principle: the ability of a
domestic supplier or contractor to supply
goods or services in an international market
which could be entirely within the domestic
economy, with foreign and local firms
competing against each other in open
A: Meaning of Local Content and Principles
of LC
5. 2. Protectionism Principle: intended or
unintended economic policy of restraining
trade between countries through methods such
as tariffs (taxes) on imported goods, or
restrictive import quotas and regulations
designed to discourage imports. The setting of
Local Content targets would fall within the
category of restrictive import quotas. [Infant
industry, Market Power i.e Foreign coys are
uncompetitive on base price, Social Impact i.e
where local content regulations is as a form of
compensation for the adverse socio-economic
impacts of oil, and gas investment on local
communities and vulnerable groups]
A: Meaning of Local Content and Principles
of LC
6. 3. Comparative Advantage Principle:
pervades key decisions and assures
contracts are awarded on a competitive
basis. This is the key principle of
procurement – The Golden Thread E.g.
Clause in PSA could reads;
“Give preference to local contractors and
locally manufactured materials and
equipment so long as their performance,
quality and time of delivery are
competitive with international
performance and prices”
A: Meaning of Local Content and Principles
of LC
7. The golden thread of
procurement is the
principle of contract award
on an ‘internationally
competitive’ basis
The Golden Thread: “local companies will
not be treated
differently with regard to quality, price,
delivery, HSE compliance”.
A: Meaning of Local Content and Principles
of LC
8. B:Why Local Content?
1. Monitor the project delivery: Local Content is
also becoming a strategic consideration in
project delivery.
2. Facilitate Commercial Or Public Policy
Objectives: Local Content regulations, such as
reporting requirements, may be fairly caring,
whilst others may facilitate commercial or
public policy objectives to be substantively
modified.
3. Rising Expectations: Due to new competitive
landscape of diminishing supply and
increasing demand for energy resources,
companies in the oil and gas industry face
rising expectations to do more than simply
9.
10.
11. C: Some Highlights of Local Content in
Tanzania
• Specific requirements for Local Content within
existing primary legislation in the petroleum
sector are weak
• Obligations in Production Sharing Contracts
(PSAs) on Local Content are stronger. However,
the PSAs
I. lack clear definitions around Local Content,
II. contain limited guidance on how
Contractors’ expenditure might align with
Government policy to build the domestic
industrial base so that Tanzania citizens
and suppliers can participate in the
petroleum industry, and
12. • The current laws and regulations lack
mechanisms for accountability to assure
implementation of Contractors’ and TPDC’s
commitments to Local Content
C: Some Highlights of Local Content in Tanzania
13. D: CURRENT POLICY AND STRATEGIC FOCUS FOR
TANZANIA
Local Content
Policy
Goal 1: Increase
Employment
Goal 2: Reduce Costs
Goal 3: Enhance
Operational Efficiency
High Performance
Culture
Operational Excellence
Integrated
Performance
Management
Capital Expenditure
• National skills / gap
assessment
• Legislative Review /
Recommendations
• Develop strategic
Partnerships between
STRATEGIC PYRAMID
14. E: Trade and Investment Treaties As
Prohibition for LC
Trade and Investment Treaties restrict
domestic local content policy discretion
through WTO which Aims at lowering
tariffs and non-tariff barriers by:
• Limiting performance requirements
related to trade in goods (TRIMs
Agreement in 1995): local content
measures are explicitly prohibited if
these oblige the purchase or use by an
enterprise of products of domestic origin
or from a domestic source, whether this
be specified in terms of particular
14
15. • Limiting performance requirements related to
trade in services (GATS Agreement in 1995) “all
WTO members should accord services and
service providers from other WTO members
treatment no less favourable than that provided
for under the common terms, limitations and
conditions mutually agreed within the WTO”.
• Limiting performance requirement related to
government procurement (The plurilateral
Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA
Agreement) in 1996) “intended to counter
internal political pressure to discriminate in
favour of domestic suppliers of goods and
E: Trade and Investment Treaties As
Prohibition for LC
16. E: Trade and Investment Treaties As
Prohibition for LC
• Exclusion to the Rule: under WTO, Special and
Differential Treatment (SDT) for developing
countries, allows for some discrimination, eg
transition countries, Least Developed Countries
17. F: Development of Industrial Clusters Can
Promote Increased Local Content [Local
Content Drivers]
Petrochemical
s
Power & Water
Exploration &
Developmen
t
Refining
&
Processing
Trainin
g
Researc
h
InfrastructureElectrical Maintenan
ce
Fabricatio
n
Services
18. F: Development of Industrial Clusters Can
Promote Increased Local Content [Local Content
Drivers]
1. Capacity Building and technology transfer;
2. Participation of Tanzanians and Tanzanian
owned entities [The Tanzania Mainland and its
people and Business which is incorporated
under the applicable laws of Tanzania and is
wholly owned by Tanzanians or with at least
51% of shares owned by Tanzanian Nationals
and is registered to offer goods or services in
the oil and gas industry];
3. Procurement and usage of locally produced
goods and services [goods obtained, produced
or manufactured and have after-sales services
in Tanzania Mainland and Services provided in
19. F: Development of Industrial Clusters Can
Promote Increased Local Content [Local
Content Drivers]
6. Research & Development
• Active government participation (facilitation,
funding etc.) proves effective in supporting
establishment of world class, leading edge
research institutions that contribute to more
efficient development of domestic resources
and capabilities
• Leadership by resource development
companies of applied research and
experimental development proves to be more
effective than by direct government
involvement
20. 1. Lack of human capacity and education
skills,
Developing Countries’ Perspective: skills
shortages hinder the incorporation of local
workers into the extractive industries and the
development of an industrial base necessary
to spread the benefits of these sectors to
other areas.
Operating Companies’ Perspective: skills
shortages can cause the delay of new projects,
increase costs and even hamper the fulfilment
of local content requirements.
2. Poor infrastructure,
G: THE MAIN CHALLENGES
21. To address the lack infrastructure, host countries
must focus on:
I. building the appropriate legal, institutional
and regulatory framework,
II. managing different forms of private
involvement and financing,
III.looking for support in investment promotion
agencies for foreign investment, and,
IV. taking into consideration social factors
related to the investment in infrastructure.
3. Weak industrial base [Building Solid
IB],
EI must be based on existing domestic
capabilities in manufacturing and services.
However, in many countries the industrial
22. 4. Poor governance and inadequate
business environment.
Rich natural resources countries lack an
enabling business environment to
stimulate local business creation.
23. H: HOW TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES
Lack of human capacity and education skills:
Enhance general educational base through
local capacity building (to support
development in the long run) including
designing primary, vocational, secondary and
university education syllabus suitable to
support the development in different areas
and levels of specialization.
Enhance vocational and technical training;
Ensure availability of school accreditation;
and Increasing demand for higher skilled
workers in the industry.
improving the direct participation of the
24. Poor infrastructure,
Governments should attract a greater
involvement of the private sector - including
local and transnational companies (TNC) - in
infrastructure financing, investment, ownership
and management, and concentrate their efforts
in providing a clear regulatory and legal
framework, as well as proper stimulus to private
participation. Govt should focus in
(i) building the appropriate legal,
institutional and regulatory framework,
(ii) managing different forms of private
involvement and financing,
(iii)looking for support in investment
H: HOW TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES
25. Poor governance and inadequate business
environment.
Provides an appropriate legal, regulatory and
institutional framework in which companies, local
and foreign, have the incentives to invest and
develop productive activities;
Gives enough guarantees to prevent corruption
and rent seeking behaviour;
In line with the international initiatives,
promotes transparency and accountability in the
extractive sector, with different treatment of
business confidentiality and government
sovereignty issues. Two well-known approaches
H: HOW TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES
26. H: HOW TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES
Improving Workers participation in EI, Boost
local capabilities through:
Research and Development (R&D) programmes,
funds and specialized institutes.
The link between major companies and local
universities and training institutes is key to
design programmes with the proper syllabus to
meet the skills requirements of the industry, as
well as for the development of on-the-job training
programmes;
Introduction of local content provisions for
training and hiring national workforce at
different levels of the value chain; and
Creation of industry linkages and extensive
27. I: Role of regulatory and legal framework
Poor infrastructure
i.Before committing funds to any project,
investors consider whether laws and contracts
are likely to be properly enforced and whether
their rights and responsibilities are well defined
and likely to be respected.
ii.The legal and regulatory framework for issuing
licenses or concessions should define the rights
and obligations of utilities, clarify pricing
mechanisms and establish procedures for
dispute resolution.
iii.The establishment of a strong and
autonomous regulatory agency is essential to
implement laws and regulations in infrastructure
28. I: Role of regulatory and legal
framework
Poor governance and inadequate business
environment
i.Clear legal framework governing the exploration and
exploitation of extractive industries that establishes
clear ownership and property rights;
ii.Independent regulatory powers strictly separated from
operating activities. This is essential to ensure
transparency and to avoid creating a fertile ground for
rent-seeking and corruption;
iii.A clear legal framework on the fiscal and
administrative framework for the extraction of natural
resources. This involves, for example, stable and clear
taxation policies and efficient processes for the issue of
licenses; A system of revenue management governing the
sharing and distribution of the rents from extractive
29. J: POLICIES AND RULES GOVERNING LOCAL CONTENT
VALUE CHAIN
The 2014 draft local content begins with the
statement: “Natural gas resource found in
Tanzania belongs to the people of the United
Republic of Tanzania, and must be managed in a
way that benefits the entire Tanzanian society.”
The Local Content Policy of Tanzania for Oil and Gas
Industry – 2014
Model Production Sharing Agreement (MPSA)
Article 21 (c): The contractor in consultation with
TPDC within six months of the grant of a
development licence must implement the training
and employment proposals of Tanzanian citizens;
must ensure the transfer of management and
operation functions to Tanzanian nationals within
the period not exceeding 5 years of the start of
30. ARTICLE 20(b): Give preference to the purchase of
Tanzanian goods, services and materials provided
such goods and materials are of certified standard
and quality in accordance with TBS, TFDA, or any
other relevant authority
ARTICLE 20(d): Make maximum use of Tanzanian
service companies and contractors at certified
standards and competitive prices and terms
ARTICLE 20(i): Ensure that sub-contracts are
scoped to match the capability of local
enterprises and manage risk to allow their
participation
ARTICLE 20 (j): Maximise the level of usage of
Model Production Sharing Agreement (MPSA)
31. ARTICLE 20(m): Give equal treatment to local
enterprises by ensuring access to all tender
invitations and by including high weighting on
local value added in tender evaluation criteria
ARTICLE 21(a): Employ Tanzanian citizens having
appropriate qualifications to the maximum extent
possible. In this connection, the oil company in
consultation with Government and TPDC must
propose and carry out an effective training and
employment programme for Tanzanian employees
in each phase and level of operations
Under the MPSA, if domestic demand exceeds the
TPDC’s total entitlement to profit oil or gas, the
Model Production Sharing Agreement (MPSA
32. A development licence must include conditions requiring
registered holder to supply petrol to meet the local
needs of Tanzania. Applications for exploration or
development licences must be accompanied by proposals
with respect to the training and employment of Tanzanian
citizens.
The utilization of domestic resources
“should be utilized to build adaptive capacity for
promoting economic activities that enjoy comparative
and competitive advantages with a view to minimize the
impact of external economic shifts and shocks”
Transformation of the economy towards competitiveness
[The diversification of the economy must be based on a
dynamic industrialization programme focused on local
The Petroleum Act 1980
National Development Vision 2025, [Driving Forces For
Realization Of Vision]
33. GOOD GOVERNANCE AND THE RULE OF LAW
Promoting democratic and popular participation
[“Deliberate efforts must be made to empower the people
and catalyse their democratic and popular participation.
The strategy should entail empowering local governments
and communities and promoting broad-based grassroots
participation in the mobilization of resources, knowledge
and experience ………”.]The National Petroleum Policy of Tanzania 2014
One of its Specific Objectives [(viii) To maximize national
benefit by promoting local value addition and building
local competencies…….]
Sub-Article 3.1.2.4: Local Content and Capacity Building
i.Ensure that training needs assessment is carried out to
identify the capacity and competence required in the
upstream sub-sector.
iv.Ensure that contractors/operators prepare and
34. v. Encourage local companies to enter in
partnerships with international companies to
acquire technology transfer and develop
competence in Tanzanian companies.
vi. Ensure that fabrication and manufacturing
industries, wherever feasible, are established
in the country and that Tanzanian goods and
services are given preference in petroleum
operations.
The National Petroleum Policy of Tanzania 2014
National Empowerment Policy and Act 2004
National Empowerment Act, 2004: Preamble …..”Now
Therefore, with a view to promoting rapid economic
growth that will facilitate broader economic ownership by
Tanzanians deliberate measures are taken to establish
structures and mechanism to redress the existing
35. Definition of Economic Empowerment (Section 3)
“Economic empowerment” means deliberate and
affirmative actions and measures undertaken by
the Government for the purpose of promoting and
enhancing knowledge, skill, economic prowess
and financial prudence of Tanzanians to enable
them to meaningfully participate in economic
activities and includes all plans, strategies,
policies and measures taken to achieve the goal,
be it by public or private sector
National Empowerment Policy and Act 2004
National Empowerment Policy , 2004
Clause 3.3:“The primary objective of the policy is to
provide general guidelines which will ensure that the
majority of the citizens of Tanzania have access to
opportunities to participate effectively in economic
activities in all sectors of the economy……”
36. Clause 3.2 (iii)
• Policy is intended to address all economic
empowerment needs of the individual citizens of
Tanzania and local companies in which Tanzania
citizens hold not less than fifty percent of the
shares.
• Facilitate the improvement of the quality of
locally made products, reduce the cost of
production and raise the skills level used in
productive activities
National Empowerment Policy , 2004
37. Sub-Clause 4.4.3 (iii): Assisting learning
institutions and companies to render material
assistance that will encourage most Tanzanians
to undertake technical training in institutions
that meet their needs. Cost Sharing Approach
should apply with the objective of encouraging
more citizens of Tanzania to enhance their
technical skills
Sub-Clause 4.7.2: The Government will ensure
that market information is made available to
Tanzanian producers, develop local markets and
improve access of Tanzanian products in
neighbouring countries and in the global market.
Sub-Clause 4. 7.3 (i): Ensuring that local
38. Five Year Development Plan (2011/12 - 2015/16)
One of the Five Core Priorities of Plan’s strategy
to unleash Tanzania’s latent growth potentials:
“Industrial development specifically targeting
industries that use locally produced raw
materials such as textiles, fertiliser, cement,
coal, iron and steel, as well as development of
special economic zones, using public-private
partnerships”;
Natural Gas Policy, 2013
Clause 3.1.7: Local Content and Capacity Building : The
Government shall;
Ensure that the local communities benefit from the
natural gas activities in their respective localities.
Work with IOGCs to ensure opportunities for supply of
goods and services, employment and investments are
made available to Tanzanians; that the capacity of
Tanzanians is developed in the natural gas value chain
39. • Work with IOGCs to explore possibilities that
companies participating in natural gas value
chain are listed on the DSE
• Establish oil and natural gas centre of
excellence and strengthen capacity of the
training institutions to impart requisite
knowledge skills and innovations to Tanzanians.
2nd
NSGRP/MKUKUTA 2010/11 - 2014/15
(NSGRP/MKUKUTA II).
Balance of payments:
Addressing the import side prudently in order to
reduce the import bill. Interventions in this area
relate to promoting consumption of locally
produced goods and services to out-compete
imports, and curtailing dumping of imports, such
as counterfeits known to be of poor quality and
in some cases unfit for human consumption