The document describes a study that analyzed differential gene expression between queen and worker castes of the paper wasp Polistes dominula. 12 samples (6 queens and 6 workers) were collected from different colonies. Initial analysis found thousands of differentially expressed transcripts but permutation testing showed this was likely due to noise. Additional filtering reduced the number of transcripts and samples analyzed. The top differentially expressed transcripts were presented, with one transcript showing a fold change of 126 between castes.