How do we learn about our various group identities like female, African American, Buddhist, homosexual, middle class, etc.? From whom do we learn the meaning of these terms? What messages have we internalized about ourselves and others? What are the differences that result in one person having a healthy self identity and another person experiencing own-group shame and hatred? Learn how we can co-author the identity development of youth to progress toward positive success for all.

1. Breck School
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
Seattle Girls’ School
I Learned Who I Was When…
Identity Development
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

2. About Seattle Girls’ School
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

3. Agenda
 Culture and Identity
 Exercise: Up-Downs
 Identity Development and School
 Discussion: How Identities Show Up
 Takeaways and Next Steps
 Resources
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

4. Culture [consists] primarily of the
symbolic, ideational, and intangible
aspects of human societies… It is the
values, symbols, interpretations, and
perspectives that distinguish one
people from another.
James A. Banks
What is Culture?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

5. Cultural Competency
Cultural competence is a set of
congruent behaviors, attitudes and
policies that come together in a
system, institution or individual and
enable that system, institution or
individual to work effectively in cross-
cultural situations.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Terry Cross

6. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
The Jones Model of Cultural Competence
Cultural Self-
Awareness
Cultural
Intelligence
Cross-Cultural
Effectiveness
Skills
Countering
Oppression
through
Inclusion

7.  What is it?
 What are the
various dimensions
of identity?
 Why identity
development?
Identity Development
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

8. Dimensions of Identity and Culture
This model of identifiers and culture was created by Karen Bradberry and Johnnie Foreman for NAIS Summer Diversity Institute,
adapted from Loden and Rosener’s Workforce America! (1991) and from Diverse Teams at Work, Gardenswartz & Rowe (SHRM 2003).
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

9. National Coalition Building Institute, Seattle Chapter, “Building Bridges Workshop,” Adapted by Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
• Stand proudly for your group
• Stand for as many groups
within one category
as applies to you
• If you are not standing,
cheer and applaud
the people who are
Exercise: Up-Downs
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

10. Place of Birth or Upbringing
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

11. Racial/Ethnic/Cultural Heritage
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

12. Religion
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

13. Age
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

14. Socioeconomic Class
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

15. Gender
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

16. Sexual Orientation
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

17. Ability
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

18. Private Identity
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

19. Debrief: Up-Downs
How did it feel to
stand and claim your
identities and
experiences? To be
applauded for them?
To applaud others for
their identities and
their experiences?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

20. Break
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

21. Identity Development Models
• All Models Have Some
Value
• All Models Have Some
Limitations
• Models Are Linear;
Experiences Are Not
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

22.  Innocence and Self Esteem
 Encounter and Self Doubt
 Assimilation to the Majority
 Immersion into Identity
 Emersion
 Integration
Identity Development:
Marginalized Identities
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

23.  Innocence and Self Esteem
 Encounter and Confusion
 Attempt to Reintegrate
 Re-Encounter and Guilt
 Acceptance and Action
 Immersion and Emersion
 Integration
Identity Development:
Privileged Identities
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

24.  Parallel
 Regressive
 Crossed
 Progressive
 Symbiotic
R.T. Carter’s Model:
Racial Identity and
Social Interactions
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

25. Effect of Varying Identifications
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

26. Orientations Toward Ethnic Identity
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

27. Identity Journeys We See
How do you see youth and
adults’ identity journey
play out at the school?
Are there certain groups
who experience more
challenges than others?
How so?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

28.  Identity Frames
 Intractability
 Identity Socialization
 Co-Authorship of Identity
Identity and Cultural Inclusion
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

29. Discussion:
How Will I Apply All This?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

30. Final Questions or Comments?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

31. Presenter Information
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
6th Faculty and
Professional Outreach
Seattle Girls’ School
2706 S Jackson Street
Seattle WA 98144
(206) 805-6562
rlee@seattlegirlsschool.org
http://tiny.cc/rosettalee
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

32. Identity Resources
• Carlos H. Arce, “A Reconsideration of Chicano Culture
and Identity”
• Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, “Racial/Cultural Identity
Development Model (R/CID)”
• Mindy Bingham and Sandy Stryker, “Socioemotional
Development for Girls”
• Vivienne Cass, “Homosexual identity formation: Testing
a theoretical model”
• William Cross, Shades of Black: Diversity in African
American Identity”
• Anthony D’Augelli, “ Identity development and sexual
orientation: Toward a model of lesbian, gay, and
bisexual development”
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

33. Identity Resources
• Erik Erikson, “Eight Stages of Man”
• J. E. Helms, Various Publications on Racial and Ethnic
Identity Development
• Jean Kim, “Processes of Asian American Identity
Development”
• James Maricia, “Four Ego and Identity Statuses”
• Suzanne Kobasa Ouellette, “The Three C’s of
Hardiness”
• Jean S. Phinney, “Ethnic Identity in Adolescents and
Adults: Review of the Research”
• Ponterotto & Pederso, Preventing Prejudice
• Maria P. P. Root, Various Works on Multiracial Identity
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

34. Identity Resources
• Patricia Romney, Karlene Ferron, and Jennifer Hill,
“Measuring the Success of Diversity Directors in
Independent Schools”
• Pedro Ruiz, “Latino/a Identity Development Model”
• Chalmer E. Thompson and Robert T. Carter, Racial
Identity Theory
• Alex Wilson, “How We Find Ourselves: Identity
Development and Two Spirit People”
• Christine J. Yeh, “The Collectivistic Nature of Identity
Development Among Asian-American College
Students”
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

35. Miscellaneous Resources
• Karen Bradberry and Johnnie Foreman, “Privilege and
Power,” Summer Diversity Institute, National Association
of Independent Schools, 2009
• Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman, Nurture Shock
• Kevin Jennings, GLSEN (Gay Lesbian and Straight Education
Network) www.glsen.org
• Allan G. Johnson, Privilege, Power, and Difference
• Johnnie McKinley, “Leveling the Playing Field and Raising
African American Students’ Achievement in Twenty-nine
Urban Classrooms,” New Horizons for Learning,
http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/differentiated/
mckinley.htm
Michael J Nakkula and Eric Toshalis, Understanding Youth.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)