This document provides a guide for new parents on breastfeeding. It discusses breast anatomy, the composition and benefits of breast milk including colostrum. It describes the process of breastfeeding including proper positioning and latching on. The document outlines the benefits of breastfeeding for both baby and mother, including improved immunity, bonding, and reduced cancer risks. Common breast conditions are also reviewed such as clogged ducts, infections and discharge. The guide recommends breastfeeding frequently in the newborn period and gradually less with age up to 6 months at minimum.

1. Created by: Hussain Ali
Breastfeeding
A GUIDE FOR NEW PARENTS

2. Highlights
Breast Anatomy
Breast Milk
Breastfeeding
Let-down Reflex
The Proper way to Breastfeed
How long to Breastfeed
Benefits of breastfeeding for Baby
Benefits of breastfeeding for Mother
Breast Conditions
TOPICSFOR
DISCUSSION

3. BREAST ANATOMY
The breast is located on the anterior thoracic
wall. It extends horizontally from the lateral
border of the sternum to the mid-axillary
line. Vertically, it spans between the 2nd and
6th costal cartilages. It lies superficially to
the pectoralis major and serratus anterior
muscles.

4. The breasts are largely made up of glandular, adipose and
connective tissue. A pigmented area called the areola,
which contains sebaceous glands, surrounds the nipple.
The breast is comprised of 15-25 functional units arranged
radially from the nipple and each unit is made up of a
lactiferous duct, a mammary gland lobule and alveoli.

5. BREAST MILK
The major constituents of breast milk are
lactose, protein, fat and water. However, the
composition of breast milk is not constant.
Compared to cow's milk, breast milk provides
slightly more energy, has less protein but
more fat and lactose.

6. COLOSTRUM
Colostrum is a yellowish fluid secreted by the breast that
can be expressed as early as the 16th week of pregnancy,
but is replaced by milk during the second postpartum
day. Colostrum has a high concentration of proteins but
contains less sugar and fat than breast milk, although it
contains large fat globules. The proteins are mainly in the
form of globulins, particularly immunoglobulin (g) A,
which plays an important role in protection against
infection. Colostrum is also believed to have a laxative
effect, which may help empty the baby's bowel of
meconium.

7. BREASTFEEDING
BREASTFEEDING IS THE FEEDING OF AN
INFANT OR YOUNG CHILD WITH BREAST
MILK DIRECTLY FROM FEMALE HUMAN
BREASTS (I.E., VIA LACTATION) NOT FROM
A BABY BOTTLE OR OTHER CONTAINER.

8. Top 4 Positions for
Breastfeeding

9. What is the let-down
reflex?
THE LET-DOWN REFLEX IS WHAT MAKES BREASTMILK
FLOW. WHEN YOUR BABY SUCKS AT THE BREAST,
TINY NERVES ARE STIMULATED. THIS CAUSES TWO
HORMONES – PROLACTIN AND OXYTOCIN – TO BE
RELEASED INTO YOUR BLOODSTREAM. PROLACTIN
HELPS MAKE THE MILK, WHILE OXYTOCIN CAUSES THE
BREAST TO PUSH OUT THE MILK. MILK IS THEN
RELEASED OR LET DOWN THROUGH THE NIPPLE.

10. THE PROPER WAY TO
BREASTFEED
• Stimulate the baby mouth to open by
touching the nipple.
• Let the baby open the mouth wider.
• Bring the baby near to the breast
• Latch the baby to the breast

11. HOW LONG TO
BREASTFEED
Newborns can nurse for 5 to 10 minute per breast; every 2 to 3
hours. This comes to about 10 to 12 feedings per day. In the
beginning, there is only colostrum, and there's not very much of
it, so be ready to feed often but for short durations.
One month or more: as baby gets older, his stomach will get
larger. He will nurse less frequently but for a longer duration at
each feeding session. For example, he may nurse 20 to 40
minute per breast every 3 to 4 hours.
By 6 months, Baby may breastfeed for 20 to 40 minutes per
breast; 3 to 5 times per day.

12. BENEFITSOFBREASTFEEDING
FORBABY
1. THIS PROVIDES THE BEST POSSIBLE NUTRIONTS TO THE YOUNG
CHILD.
2. IT REDUCES THE INCIDENCE OF COUGHS AND COLDS,EAR
INFECTIONS, BRONCHITIS, PNEUMONIA,MENINGITIS AND DIARRHOEA
THROUGH ITS PROTECTIVE FACTORS.
3. IT PROTECTS THE CHILD FROM COLIC, ASTHMA,ECZEMA, NOSE AND
FOOD ALLERGIES.
4. IT IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE OPTIMAL PHYSICAL,EMOTIONAL AND
MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD. BREASTFED CHILD ARE ALSO
SMARTER.

13. BENEFITSOFBREASTFEEDING
FORMOTHER
1. THIS PROMOTES MOTHER AND CHILD BONDING.
2. IT PREVENTS UTERINE BLEEDING IN THE MOTHER AFTER
DELIVERY.
3. THIS IS A NATURAL FORM OF FAMILY PLANNING.
4. THIS REDUCES THE RISKS OF BREAST AND OVARIAN CANCER IN
THE MOTHER.
5. THIS SAVES TIME AND PRECIOUS EXPENSES NEED NOT BE USED
FOR
BUYING MILK POWDER AND HEALTH CARE.

14. Breast
disorders
BLOOD-STAINED NIPPLE
DISCHARGE.
Blood-stained nipple discharge of pregnancy ("rusty pipe
syndrome") is typically bilateral and believed to be due to
epithelial proliferation. It usually occurs late pregnancy or
early breastfeeding and lasts for to l week. As the
condition is self limiting, no in es tigation or treatment is
necessary.
GALACTOCELE
A galactocele (or lactocele) is a sterile, milk-filled
retention cyst of the mammary ducts following
blockage by thickened secretions. It is identified as a
fluctuant swelling with minimal pain and inflammation.
It usually resolves spontaneously assisted by massage
of the breast towards the nipple, but may also be
aspirated; with increasing discomfort, surgical excision
may become necessary.
PAINFUL NIPPLES.
Nipples become very sensitive during late pregnancy
and in the first week of breastfeeding. Painful nipples',
however, occur after the first week of feeding and
worsen during feeds. A common cause of this is
cracked nipples (small fissures in the nipple) and this is
associated with an increased risk of breast abscess.
MASTITIS.
Inflammation of the breast is not always due to an infective
process. Mastitis is commonly related to breastfeeding
problems, and occurs when a blocked duct obstructs the flow
of milk and distends the alve oli. If this pressure persists, the
milk extravasates into the perilobular tissue, initiating an
inflammatory process. The affected segment of the breast is
painful and appears red and oedematous.

15. Thank You
The chapyer you're learning today, is
going to save someone's life
tomorrow. Pay attention