Breakout 3.2 Managing Multimorbidity in Practice - Dr Kevin Gruffydd-Jones
Box Surgery Wilts
Member PCRS(UK)
Respiratory Lead RCGP
Member of NICE COPD
Guidelines Committee and
Asthma/COPD Clinical
Standards Committees
Part of a set of presentations from NHS Improvement event: Better value, better outcomes held on Thursday 21 February 2013,
Guoman Tower Hotel, London
How to deliver quality and value in chronic care:sharing the learning from the respiratory programme
Breakout 3.3 Pro-active management - Stephen GaduzoNHS Improvement
Breakout 3.3 Pro-active management - Stephen Gaduzo
GP, Stockport
Part of a set of presentations from NHS Improvement event: Better value, better outcomes held on Thursday 21 February 2013,
Guoman Tower Hotel, London
How to deliver quality and value in chronic care:sharing the learning from the respiratory programme
Breakout 3.3 Pro-active management - Stephen GaduzoNHS Improvement
Breakout 3.3 Pro-active management - Stephen Gaduzo
GP, Stockport
Part of a set of presentations from NHS Improvement event: Better value, better outcomes held on Thursday 21 February 2013,
Guoman Tower Hotel, London
How to deliver quality and value in chronic care:sharing the learning from the respiratory programme
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease basis of drugs used in treatment and Describe the factors which affect the quality of life of individuals suffering from COPD
Nanotechnology essentially restructures molecules to make materials lighter, stronger, more penetrating or absorbant, among many innovative qualities. In cancer research, it offers a unique opportunity to study and interact with normal and cancer cells in real time, at the molecular and cellular scales, and during the various stages of the cancer process. For cancer researchers, a special interest lies in ligand-targeted therapeutic nanoparticles (TNP), which are expected to selectively deliver drugs and especially cytotoxic agents specifically to tumor cells and enhance intracellular drug accumulation. Targeting can be achieved by various mechanisms. For example, nanoparticles with numerous targeting ligands can provide multi-valent binding to the surface of tumor cells with high receptor density (as opposed to low receptor density on normal cells) or nanoparticle agents can enhance permeability and retention (EPR) effect to exit blood vessels in the tumor, to target surface receptors on tumor cells, and to enter tumor cells by endocytosis before releasing their drug payloads.
In this presentation we shall look at nanotechnology in drug development with a focus on anticancers and the advantages of nanoparticles as therapeutic platform technology. Approved nanotech based drugs and their clinical trials will be discussed. Two specific clinical trial case studies will be focused on along at some length with a mention of some ongoing clinical trials of nanotherapeutics. We shall also take a look at the future direction of nanotechnology based therapeutics.
an important ppt for medical students and prescribing clinicians of medicine..... which deals with the methodology of right prescribing...... enjoy reading.... <3.... satya
FIRST TIME IN WORLD BOOK
https://www.crcpress.com/Pharmacology-Mind-Maps-for-Medical-Students-and-Allied-Health-Professionals/Bhandari/p/book/9781138351240
David E. Griffith, MD, prepared useful practice aids pertaining to nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease for this CME/MOC/CNE activity titled "Exploring the Path Forward in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: A MasterClass on Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment." For the full presentation, monograph, complete CME/MOC/CNE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/2WtMqXk. CME/MOC/CNE credit will be available until April 2, 2020.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease basis of drugs used in treatment and Describe the factors which affect the quality of life of individuals suffering from COPD
Nanotechnology essentially restructures molecules to make materials lighter, stronger, more penetrating or absorbant, among many innovative qualities. In cancer research, it offers a unique opportunity to study and interact with normal and cancer cells in real time, at the molecular and cellular scales, and during the various stages of the cancer process. For cancer researchers, a special interest lies in ligand-targeted therapeutic nanoparticles (TNP), which are expected to selectively deliver drugs and especially cytotoxic agents specifically to tumor cells and enhance intracellular drug accumulation. Targeting can be achieved by various mechanisms. For example, nanoparticles with numerous targeting ligands can provide multi-valent binding to the surface of tumor cells with high receptor density (as opposed to low receptor density on normal cells) or nanoparticle agents can enhance permeability and retention (EPR) effect to exit blood vessels in the tumor, to target surface receptors on tumor cells, and to enter tumor cells by endocytosis before releasing their drug payloads.
In this presentation we shall look at nanotechnology in drug development with a focus on anticancers and the advantages of nanoparticles as therapeutic platform technology. Approved nanotech based drugs and their clinical trials will be discussed. Two specific clinical trial case studies will be focused on along at some length with a mention of some ongoing clinical trials of nanotherapeutics. We shall also take a look at the future direction of nanotechnology based therapeutics.
an important ppt for medical students and prescribing clinicians of medicine..... which deals with the methodology of right prescribing...... enjoy reading.... <3.... satya
FIRST TIME IN WORLD BOOK
https://www.crcpress.com/Pharmacology-Mind-Maps-for-Medical-Students-and-Allied-Health-Professionals/Bhandari/p/book/9781138351240
David E. Griffith, MD, prepared useful practice aids pertaining to nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease for this CME/MOC/CNE activity titled "Exploring the Path Forward in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: A MasterClass on Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment." For the full presentation, monograph, complete CME/MOC/CNE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at http://bit.ly/2WtMqXk. CME/MOC/CNE credit will be available until April 2, 2020.
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Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
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Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
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Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
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Odor Detection Threshold:
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Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
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Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
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Breakout 3.2 Managing Multimorbidity in Practice - Dr Kevin Gruffydd-Jones
1. Managing Multimorbidity in Practice
Dr.Kevin Gruffydd-Jones TAYSIDE CENTRE
Box Surgery
Wilts.
BOX
Member PCRS(UK)
Respiratory Lead RCGP
Member of NICE COPD
Guidelines Committee and
Asthma/COPD Clinical
Standards Committees.
Multimorbidity v co-morbidity
• “Multi Morbidity”
co-existence of 2 or more diseases in one
person (Mercer et al Family Practice
2009.)
• “Co-morbidity”
Presence of other diseases in a person
with a reference disease
1
2. Why bother?
• 15.4 million people in England with at least
one long –term condition( DoH 2012)
• Estimated by 2025 increase of 42%
•
• 78% of all GP consultations
• 70% Health and Social Care Budget,
Why bother?
• 60% patients in Scottish Study 2 or more conditions .
More people under 65 than over 65 (Mercer BMJ 2012)
• Canadian Study 69% 18-44, 93% 45-65, 98% >
65(Fortin et al 2007)
• Associated with deprivation. Onset multimorbidity 10-15
years earlier in developing countries(Smith BMJ 2012)
2
3. Why bother?
More Likely to :
Die Early
Be Admitted to Hospital
Poor Quality of Life
Multiple drugs
Poor adherence
Susan Smith BMJ 2012
http://www.pcrs-uk.org/resources/copd_guidelinebooklet_final.pdf
3
4. Patient-Centred Management of Stable COPD in Primary Care
ALL PATIENTS
Smoking cessation advice Exercise promotion
Patient education/self management Pneumococcal vaccination
Assess co-morbidity, Annual influenza vaccination
ASSESS BMI: Dietary Advice >25 Specialist Dietary Referral if BMI <20
FUNCTIONAL
SYMPTOMS? EXACERBATIONS? HYPOXIA? HOLISTIC
LIMITATION ?
CARE
BREATHLESSNESS MRC score > 3 (Oral steroids/antibiotics/ Oxygen saturation Check social
Hospital admissions) < 92% at rest in air) Support
Short acting bronchodilators Optimise pharmacotherapy (e.g. carers and
(see algorithm) FEV-1 < 30%
(beta agonist/anticholinergic) benefits)
for relief of symptoms. Predicted
Optimise pharmacologic Treat co-morbidities.
therapy
Offer pulmonary Consider Palliative
PERSISTENT SYMPTOMS
rehabilitation therapy or secondary
See pharmacotherapy
Care referral for
Algorithm Resistant symptoms
Screen for Discuss action plans i
PRODUCTIVE COUGH
anxiety/depression including use of standby
Consider mucolytics Refer to specialist
oral steroids and antibiotics
Refer for oxygen Palliative care teams
assessment For end-of-life care.
COPD is not just a disease of the lungs
HEART FAILURE
(20%) Cachexia/
Osteoporosis muscle wasting
(11%-38%)
40% osteopenic in
Depression “TORCH”
(25%patients
Metabolic syndrome FEV-1 <50%)
(50% with 1 or more
features)
Lung function is poorly related to the impact of disease upon the patient(Paul
Jones.PCRJ 2011).
4
5. Co-Morbidities in Practice
Barnett et al Lancet 2012
Co-Morbidities in Practice
Barnett et al Lancet 2012
5
6. Co-Morbidities in Practice
COPD 3.5 co-morbidites (v 1.8) Sin et al ERJ 2006 Barnett et al Lancet 2012
Patient-Centred Management of Stable COPD in Primary Care
All PATIENTS
Smoking cessation advice Exercise promotion
Patient education/self management Pneumococcal vaccination
Assess co-morbidity Annual influenza vaccination
ASSESS BMI: Dietary Advice >25 , Specialist Dietary Referral if BMI <20
HOLISTIC
CARE
Check social
Support
(e.g. carers and
benefits)
Treat co-morbidities.
Consider Palliative
therapy or secondary
Care referral for 1. FEV-1<30%
Resistant symptoms 2. Recurrent Hospital admissions
3. for acute COPD.
Refer to specialist 4. Housebound
Palliative care teams 5. BMI <20
For end-of-life care. 6. On LTOT
Would you be surprised if this patient died within the
next year? (6 months)
6
7. Patient-Centred Management of Stable COPD in Primary Care
All PATIENTS
Smoking cessation advice Exercise promotion
Patient education/self management Pneumococcal vaccination
Assess co-morbidity Annual influenza vaccination
ASSESS BMI: Dietary Advice >25 , Specialist Dietary Referral if BMI <20
HOLISTIC
CARE
Check social
Support
(e.g. carers
benefits)
Treat
co-morbidities.
How does this fit in everyday
management?
7
8. What evidence have we got so
far?
• NOT A LOT!
Managing patients with multimorbidity:
systematic review of interventions in
primary care and community settings
BMJ 2012; 345 doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj. Susan M Smith,
associate professor of general practice1, Hassan Soubhi, adjunct
professor of family medicine2, Martin Fortin, professor of family
medicine2, Catherine Hudon, associate professor of family
medicine2, Tom O’Dowd, professor of general practice3
8
9. What evidence have we got so
far?
• 10 studies looking at interventions in
primary care settings
• 8 out of 10 studies US
• ORGANISATIONAL(Multidisciplinary
team, education , drug review(including
pharmacist)
SELF MANAGEMENT : education ,
structured self-mangement
What evidence have we got so
far?
• Results mixed.
• Some evidence of improvements in
specific areas e.g medicines management
• Results ? Better when specific co-
morbidity looked at and when look at
functional limitation.
• Paucity of economic studies.
9
10. National Survey of Multi-
morbidity in clinical practice
with COPD as an examplar
Dr Shoba Poduval
Clinical Support Fellow and First5 GP
Survey
• 7 point questionnaire uploaded to survey
monkey
– What did you do? How did you do it?
Why? What prompted you?
– Overall impact -how this benefits patients,
staff and the organisation
– Lessons learnt, what went well? What
didn’t work well? Advice for others
10
11. Survey
• Open 29.11.12 - 8.2.13
• Thirty four responses
• Thirteen reviewed- themes
• Five case studies
• Other Practices of note- telehealth
Preliminary Results
Themes • Outcomes
• Motive • Evaluation
• Patient selection & • Challenges
invitation
• Organisation
• Staff
• Housebound
patients
11
13. Staff
• Practice team: GP’s, Nurses, HCA’s,
admin staff
• Community team: District Nurses,
Community Nurses, Social Services,
Pharmacists
• Secondary Care
Housebound
• Visits by GP’s & Community Matrons
• On-going support from Community Matron
& Social Services
13
14. Outcomes
• Patient and staff satisfaction
• More appointment time available
• Medication adherence
• Reduced A&E attendance
• Projected savings
Challenges
• Training
• Organisation- time
• Resources- templates
• Funding
14
15. Discussion
• What is your experience of managing
multimorbidity?
• Challenges?
• Suggestions?
So What do we do in Practice?
Long term
condition Clinics
IHD/Diabetes/ Heart
Failure etc.
Chronic Care Model of
Wagner
(Proactive structured
care, supportive self
manage
Care Planning
15
17. CHALLENGES
• Deciding on the co-morbidities
• Content and Integration of Templates
• Management of Housebound
• Medicines Management Review
• Stratifying Risk and use of Community
Teams.
17