The document provides an overview of Brahms, a multi-agent modeling and simulation environment focused on understanding human collaborative work. It details the structure and components of a Brahms model, including agent-oriented language, simulation engine, and model compilation units. Additionally, it discusses the practical applications of Brahms in operational simulations, highlighting its capabilities in modeling social and cognitive processes.

1. Brahms Tutorial Overview of Brahms and Anatomy of a Brahms model

2. Brahms Multi-Agent Language Language Compiler Interactive Development Environment Discrete-event Simulation Engine / Virtual Machine End-user Simulation Displays Simulation History Data Base Java-based Java API XML Runs on PC’s, Mac, Unix, Linux ... © Maarten Sierhuis

3. Why Brahms? How people work together How people get to participate in a collaborative activity Role of the environment / use of space How communication happens The tools and artifacts used Individual motives, history and culture Not just problem-solving activities Simulation as a work system design/analysis tool Humans as social and collaborative agents Agents are situated, deliberative, cognitive and reactive Brahms is a general purpose modeling and simulation environment Understanding how people really work Developing multi-agent systems Theoretical Practical

4. Methodology: Simulation to Implementation September 29, 2009 Implementation Future Ops Simulation Metrics & Data Current Ops Simulation Work System Design Workflow Tool Observation Operations

5. September 29, 2009 2 4 6 8 10 TRL 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 NYNEX JPL JSC APOLLO VICTORIA JSC MOD OCAMS PROJECT BRAHMS – HISTORY OF APPLICATIONS ISS Surface Hab Mobile * Agents * Supported ExPOC and Scout robot and crew in Sept’06 field test & Pogo Test in July ‘07 Aeronautics CTFM PROJECT Brahms 24x7 in Mission Control

6. Types of Agent Languages

7. Overview of Brahms Agent Environment Agent Environment consists of the following: Brahms Agent Oriented Language Composer for building models. (or Integrated Development Environment). Compiler for compiling models. Virtual Machine for simulating models. (or Simulation Engine). Agent Viewer for viewing simulations.

8. Brahms Language Agent Oriented / BDI Agents are first-class citizens Agents are belief based Agents are intention based: Beliefs become intentions that trigger reasoning- and/or situation-action rules Organizational Modeling Agents can be modeled within an hierarchical member-of inheritance structure Object-based Objects can represent physical artifacts, data and concepts to reason with Integration of Java objects as data objects, Java activities and Java agents Geography-based Areas can be conceptual representations of locations Areas can be located within other areas, creating a hierarchical environment model Agents and objects can be located within an area

9. Agent Organization Group membership inheritance hierarchy Artifacts in the world as objects relevant in activities Tools and artifacts people use Class hierarchies Data as objects Information modeling Environment and its state Represented hierarchically as areas with sub-areas Agents and objects are located within areas World State (facts vs. beliefs of agents) Detecting facts (reactive) Behavior as situated activities that take time Constraint on beliefs (workframes) Primitive or composite (decomposed) Goal-directed reasoning behavior as production rules within an activity that takes time Forward-chaining rules that take no time (thoughtframes) What Brahms Models Include

10. Anatomy of a Brahms Model Language Concepts Groups Agents Classes Objects AreaDefs Areas Paths Conceptual Classes Conceptual Objects Attributes (OA-V) Relations (ORO) Beliefs Facts Activities Workframes Preconditions Consequences Detectables Thoughtframes agent-based object-based geo-based object flows mental state/world state activity-based/ subsumption rule-based reactive inferences

11. Brahms Agent Engine Beliefs (atomic formulas) Desires (workframes thoughtframes belief matching) Plans (workframes Thoughtframes activities) Intentions (workframes thoughtframes instantiations) input action output Beliefs-Desires-Intentions

12. Brahms: agent-oriented language Symbolic Discrete Event BDI-like System Production and Situation-action Rules WF1 C1 and C2 and C3 => Detect F4, Activity1(t), B5, B7 WF2 C4 => Activity2(t), B6 WF3 C5 and C6 and C7 => Detect F8, Activity1(t), F9 F1, F2, F4 ….. Workframe Rule Memory Belief Memory Agent World State B1, B2, B3, ……….. Next time event State at next time event TF1 C1 and C5 => B2 TF2 C8 => B9 TF3 C9 and C6 and C8 => B10 Thoughtframe Rule Memory

13. Symbolic Discrete Event System Production Rules represent Qualitative Relationships !! Situation-action Rules

14. Multiagent Modeling Language BRAHMS Virtual Machine Scheduler T:0 belief X T:1 fact Y … . … . T:N belief Z World State fact F1 . fact Fn fact Y Java class Activity2 extends AbstractExternalActivity { …. } class Agent5 extends AbstractExternalAgent { …. } Java Agent 5 World environment

15. Brahms: Distributed MAS Agent Directory Service

16. Brahms Agent Engine

17. Brahms Virtual Machine Agent Engine Discrete Event Queue Belief RSN Fact RSN Belief Set Work Selector Work Executor World State Fact Set Real-Time Mode Scheduler Discrete Event Queue Event Distributor SIM Mode

18. Brahms Model compilation-unit ::= [ PCK. package-declaration ]* [ IMP. import-declaration ]* [ GRP. group | AGT. agent | CLS. class | OBJ. object | COC. conceptual-class | COB. conceptual-object | ADF. areadef | ARE. area | PAT. path ]* A Brahms model consists of an number of compilation units Each compilation unit is usually put in a separate .b file

19. Brahms Packages and Compilation Unit A compilation unit is a file with the extension '.b'. A compilation unit consists of 3 parts, each of which is optional: A package declaration, giving the fully qualified name of the package to which the compilation unit belongs. For example, “package projects.Atm;” Import statements that allow types from other packages to be referred to using their simple names. For example, “import projects.Atm.*;” Type declarations of group, agent, class, object, conceptual object class, conceptual object, area definition, area and path types.

20. Model Files

21. Brahms Compiler (bc) [~/Applications/AgentEnvironment/bin] sierhuis% ./bc NASA Ames Research Center Brahms Compiler Version 2.21.8 Copyright (c) 1997-2008 NASA Ames Research Center. All Rights Reserved. Usage: bc [options] <brahms file> Options: -lp <library-path> set library path -source <source-path> set the source code path -d <destination-path> set the path where to write the compiled code to. -bar <archive file> the archive file in which to store the files with the compiled code. -dtd <dtd path> set the path where DTD files can be found -uml generate XMI-based UML for the model -cp set the Java class path to find Java activities -? displays usage text Brahms file: .b file to be compiled

22. Command Line Model Compilation sierhuis% pwd /Users/sierhuis/Documents/eclipse/workspace/Brahms Tutorial Files/AtmModel/final_source sierhuis% ~/Applications/AgentEnvironment/bin/bc -lp ~/Applications/AgentEnvironment/Models/lib -source source -d build -bar ./lib/AtmModel.bar ./source/gov/nasa/arc/brahms/atm/AtmModel.b NASA Brahms Compiler Version 2.21.8 Copyright (c) 1997-2008 NASA Ames Research Center. All Rights Reserved. 0 error(s), 0 warning(s) Exporting model as XML 0 error(s), 0 warning(s) Creating Brahms archive file. Archive './lib/AtmModel.bar' created.