2. INTRODUCTION
Fossil fuel remains a dominant source of energy providing around 60% of growth in
energy and account for almost 85% of total energy supply in 2015.
Gas is the fastest growing Fossil Fuel ( i.e. 1.8% annum) and its share increasing
gradually in the energy mix.
Oil grows steadily ( 0.9% per annum) although trend decline and its share continues.
In contrast coal suffers a sharp fall after gaining shares since 2000 the growth of coal is
projected sharply( 0.5% per annum), such that by 2035 the share of coal in the energy
mix will be at an all time low with gas replacing it as a second largest energy source.
The share of renewable energy in energy mix is growing 3% today to approx. 9% by
2035.
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4. TOP 10 CRUDE OIL PRODUCERS
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13%
13%
12%
5%
5%
5%
4%
4%
3%
3%
33%
US
Saudi Arabia
Russian Federation
Canada
China
Iraq
Iran
United Arab Emirates
Kuwait
Venezuela
Others
5. PRODUCTION V/S CONSUMPTION OF TOP
CRUDE OIL PRODUCERS
12.7
12
11
4.4 4.3
4 3.9 3.9 3.1
2.6
19.4
3.9
3.1 2.3
12
0.8
1.9 0.9 0.5 0.70
5
10
15
20
25
MillionBarrelsPerDay
Production
Consumpti
on
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Note: U.S. and China consume more than they produce.
6. CRUDE OIL PRICE
Non OPEC supply had grown exceptionally strongly, led by US tight oil, triggering a sizeable supply
imbalance and the consequent fall in oil prices.
Global oil demand is estimated to have grown strongly last year: up 1.9 Mb/d, nearly twice its 10year
average (1.0 Mb/d).
This strength was driven by net oil importers: the US (0.3 Mb/d), EU (0.2 Mb/d), China (0.8 Mb/d), and
India (0.3 Mb/d) all recorded unusually strong increases.
The persistent supply imbalance and growing inventory levels weighed on oil prices, which fell sharply
towards the end of 2014 and into 2015.
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66.17
76.59
82.75
107.06
68.13
86.41
117.23
115.28
110.55
99.06
52.39
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
USDollarsperbarrel
Crude Oil Price 2005-15
Crude Oil Price
9. NATURAL GAS
Natural gas consumption grew by 1.7 percent in 2015 to an all-time high.
U.S. production hit an all-time record of 2101.11 billion cubic meter per day (Bcm/d).
Russia is runner-up with 1571.58 Bcm/d.
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-
200.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
Total North
America
Total S. &
Cent.
America
Total Europe
& Eurasia
Total Middle
East
Total Africa Total Asia
Pacific
Billioncubicmeterperday
World Natural Gas Production
1970
1980
1990
2000
2005
2015
10. NATURAL GAS
-
200.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
North
America
S. & Cent.
America
Europe &
Eurasia
Middle East Africa Asia Pacific
Billioncubicmeter
Production v/s Consumption
Production
Consumption
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Note: The U.S. consumes approximately as much as it produces, while Russia’s 37.9 Bcf/d of consumption
enables it to export huge volumes of natural gas.
11. COAL
The coal industry had perhaps its worst year ever.
Annual consumption drop in at least half a century.
Consumption in the U.S. was down a whopping 12.7 percent, while the world’s leading producer and
consumer of coal — China — used 1.5 percent less of it.
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-
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
3000.0
North America S. & Cent.
America
Europe &
Eurasia
Middle East Africa Asia Pacific
Milliontonnesoilequivalent
World Coal Production
1886
1995
2005
2015
12. COAL
Global coal consumption fell by 1.8% in 2015, well below the 10-year average annual growth of 2.1%
and the largest percentage (and volumetric) decline in our data set. Coal’s share of global primary
energy consumption fell to 29.2%, the lowest share since 2005.
The net decline in coal consumption was entirely accounted for by the US (-12.7%, the world’s largest
volumetric decline) and China (-1.5%), with more modest increases registered in India (+4.8%) and
Indonesia (+15%).
Global coal production fell by 4%, with large declines in the US (-10.4%), Indonesia (-14.4%), and China
(-2%).
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-
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
3000.0
North
America
S. & Cent.
America
Europe &
Eurasia
Middle East Africa Asia Pacific
Milliontonnesoilequivalent
Production v/s Consumption
Production
Consumption
13. NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear power continues to slowly recover from the 2011.
2011 and 2012, the world has now experienced three straight years of growth in nuclear power
consumption.
Global nuclear output grew by 1.3%, with China (+28.9%). China passed South Korea to become the
fourth largest supplier of nuclear power.
Nuclear power accounted for 4.4% of global primary energy consumption.
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50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
North America S. & Cent.
America
Europe &
Eurasia
Middle East Africa Asia Pacific
Milliontonnesoilequivalent
Nuclear Energy Consumption
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
14. HYDROELECTRICITY
Global hydroelectric output grew by a below average 1%. Hydroelectric output accounted for 6.8% of
global primary energy consumption.
China recorded the largest increment of hydroelectric output growth (+5%) and remains by far the
world’s largest producer of hydroelectricity.
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50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
North America S. & Cent.
America
Europe &
Eurasia
Middle East Africa Asia Pacific
Milliontonnesoilequivalent
Hydroelectricity Consumption
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
15. RENEWABLE ENERGY
Renewables had a record year, with strong growth in solar power (+33 percent year-over-year) leading
the way.
Wind power consumption grew 17 percent.
The gains by geothermal (+5 percent), hydropower (+1 percent), and biofuels (+0.9 percent) were
modest.
Solar:
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5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
North
America
S. & Cent.
America
Europe &
Eurasia
Middle East Africa Asia Pacific
Milliontonnesoilequivalent
Renewable Solar Consumption
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
16. RENEWABLE ENERGY
Wind:
Geothermal & Biomass:
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-
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
North
America
S. & Cent.
America
Europe &
Eurasia
Middle East Africa Asia Pacific
Milliontonnesoilequivalent
Renewable Wind Consumption
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
-
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
North
America
S. & Cent.
America
Europe &
Eurasia
Middle East Africa Asia Pacific
Milliontonnesoil
equivalent
Renewable Geothermal & Biomass
Consumption
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
17. CO2 EMISSION
-
2000.0
4000.0
6000.0
8000.0
10000.0
12000.0
14000.0
16000.0
18000.0
North
America
S. & Cent.
America
Europe &
Eurasia
Middle East Africa Asia Pacific
Milliontonnescarbondioxide
Co2 Emission
1965
1975
1985
1995
2005
2015
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• Carbon dioxide emissions in 2015 were 36 million metric tons higher than in 2014.
• Carbon dioxide emissions in 2013 were 505 million tons higher than in 2012, but then 2014 and 2015 respectively
saw increases of 224 million metric tons and 36 million metric tons.
18. REFINERY CAPACITY
Refinery throughout rose by 1.8 Mb/d in 2015, more than triple its 10year average growth.
The increase in refining runs dwarfed the expansion in refining capacity (0.5 Mb/d).
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0.000
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
North
America
S. & Cent.
America
Europe &
Eurasia
Middle East Africa Asia Pacific
MillionBarrelsPerDay
Refinery Capacity
1965
1975
1985
1995
2005
2015
