Energy.ppt

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This document appears to be from the BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2020. It contains numerous charts, graphs, and tables providing statistical data on global trends in energy production, consumption, reserves, and prices for oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydroelectric, and renewable sources of energy over time and by region. It also includes some statistics on key minerals important for the changing energy system like cobalt and lithium prices. The data comes from BP's annual report analyzing global energy statistical trends.

bp.com/statisticalreview #bpstats © BP p.I.c.2020

Primary energy
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Primary energy
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
World consumption
Exajoules
Shares of global primary energy
Percentage

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Regional consumption pattern 2019
Percentage

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Energy per capita by region
Gigajoules per head

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Energy per capita: Distribution across countries

Oil
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Oil reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios
Years
2019 by region History

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Distribution of proved oil reserves: 1999, 2009 and 2019
Percentage

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Oil production/consumption by region
Million barrels daily
Production by region Consumption by region

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Oil consumption per capita 2019
GJ per capita

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Crude oil prices 1861-2019
US dollars per barrel, world events

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Source: S&P Global Platts, © 2019, S&P Global Inc.
Rotterdam product prices and differentials to crude
US dollars per barrel
Oil product prices (Rotterdam) Product differentials to crude (Rotterdam products
minus Dated Brent)

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Regional refining margins
US dollars per barrel

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Refinery utilization
Percentage (based on average annual capacity)

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Major oil trade movements 2019
Trade flows worldwide (million tonnes)

Natural gas
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Gas reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios
Years
2019 by region History

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Distribution of proved gas reserves: 1999, 2009 and 2019
Percentage

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Gas production/consumption by region
Billion cubic metres
Consumption by region
Production by region

Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020
Gas consumption per capita 2019
GJ per capita

Gas prices
$/mmBtu
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

LNG imports by source
Billion cubic metres
Europe Japan
China South Korea
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Source: Includes data from FGE MENAgas service, IHS.
Major gas trade movements 2019
Trade flows worldwide (billion cubic metres)
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Coal
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Coal reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios
Years
2019 by region History
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Source: World Energy Resources 2013 Survey, World Energy Council.
Distribution of proved coal reserves: 1999, 2009 and 2019
Percentage
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Coal production/consumption by region
Million tonnes oil equivalent
Production by region Consumption by region
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Coal prices
US dollars per tonne
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Nuclear energy
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Nuclear energy consumption by region
Million tonnes oil equivalent
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Hydroelectricity
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Hydroelectricity consumption by region
Million tonnes oil equivalent
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Renewable energy
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Renewable energy consumption by region/
generation by source
Renewables consumption by region
Million tonnes oil equivalent
Renewables generation by source
Terawatt-hours
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Biofuels production by region
Thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day
World biofuels production
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Biofuels consumption by region
Thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day
World biofuels consumption
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Electricity
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Regional electricity generation by fuel 2019
Percentage
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Share of global electricity generation by fuel
Percentage
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Renewables share of power generation by region
Percentage
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Key minerals for the changing energy system
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Key minerals prices
Cobalt prices
Thousands of US dollars per tonne
Lithium carbonate prices
Thousands of US dollars per tonne
Statistical Review of World Energy 2020
© BP p.l.c. 2020

Welcome to the 63rd edition of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy. Since 1952, the review’s mission has always been to provide objective, global data on energy markets to inform discussion, debate and decision-making. This first snap-shot of the global energy picture in 2013 – together with the historical data that puts today’s information into context – can help us to understand how the world around us is changing. Global primary energy consumption accelerated in 2013 despite stagnant global economic growth. Consumption and production increased for all fuels, reaching record levels for every fuel type except nuclear power.

Indonesia Statistical Data

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This document from BP's 2015 Statistical Review of World Energy contains data and statistics about natural gas reserves, production, consumption, prices, and trade. It includes graphs and tables showing gas reserves-to-production ratios by region from 1994 to 2014, the distribution of proved gas reserves by region from 1994 to 2014, gas production and consumption by region in billion cubic meters, gas consumption per capita in 2014 by country, average gas prices from 1990 to 2014 in dollars per million British thermal units, and a map of major natural gas trade flows worldwide in 2014 in billion cubic meters.

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GlobalEnergyReviewCO2Emissionsin2021.pdf

Kiran252903

Global CO2 emissions from energy use hit a record high in 2021, increasing by 6% over 2020 levels to 36.3 gigatonnes. This was driven by a sharp economic recovery from the pandemic, with global GDP growing 5.9%. Coal emissions reached an all-time high due to its use to generate over half of increased electricity demand. While renewable power saw strong growth, the increased emissions have weakened progress towards the goal of net zero by 2050. China accounted for the majority of increased global emissions between 2019-2021, with its emissions intensity from GDP growth still high.

OECD Parliamentary Days 2016 - World Energy Outlook

OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

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World: Cyclic Hydrocarbons - Market Report. Analysis and Forecast to 2020

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World: Coal - Market Report. Analysis And Forecast To 2020

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Market Research Report : Oil and gas market in china 2014 - Sample

Netscribes, Inc.

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The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.

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Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024

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Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.

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DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL

gerogepatton

As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3) represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities. Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition, our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection accuracy rate of 99.50%.

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jpsjournal1

The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher. Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade, pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study, China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.

TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

HODECEDSIET

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems. ### How TDM Works 1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal. 2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned. 3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver. 4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots. ### Types of TDM 1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data. 2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel. ### Applications of TDM - **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot. - **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth. - **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium. ### Advantages of TDM - **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all

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3. Primary energy Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020 World consumption Exajoules Shares of global primary energy Percentage

8. Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020 Oil reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios Years 2019 by region History

9. Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020 Distribution of proved oil reserves: 1999, 2009 and 2019 Percentage

10. Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020 Oil production/consumption by region Million barrels daily Production by region Consumption by region

12. Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020 Crude oil prices 1861-2019 US dollars per barrel, world events

13. Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020 Source: S&P Global Platts, © 2019, S&P Global Inc. Rotterdam product prices and differentials to crude US dollars per barrel Oil product prices (Rotterdam) Product differentials to crude (Rotterdam products minus Dated Brent)

15. Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020 Refinery utilization Percentage (based on average annual capacity)

16. Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020 Major oil trade movements 2019 Trade flows worldwide (million tonnes)

18. Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020 Gas reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios Years 2019 by region History

19. Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020 Distribution of proved gas reserves: 1999, 2009 and 2019 Percentage

20. Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020 Gas production/consumption by region Billion cubic metres Consumption by region Production by region

23. LNG imports by source Billion cubic metres Europe Japan China South Korea Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020

24. Source: Includes data from FGE MENAgas service, IHS. Major gas trade movements 2019 Trade flows worldwide (billion cubic metres) Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020

26. Coal reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios Years 2019 by region History Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020

27. Source: World Energy Resources 2013 Survey, World Energy Council. Distribution of proved coal reserves: 1999, 2009 and 2019 Percentage Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020

28. Coal production/consumption by region Million tonnes oil equivalent Production by region Consumption by region Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020

31. Nuclear energy consumption by region Million tonnes oil equivalent Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020

33. Hydroelectricity consumption by region Million tonnes oil equivalent Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020

35. Renewable energy consumption by region/ generation by source Renewables consumption by region Million tonnes oil equivalent Renewables generation by source Terawatt-hours Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020

36. Biofuels production by region Thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day World biofuels production Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020

37. Biofuels consumption by region Thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day World biofuels consumption Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020

43. Key minerals prices Cobalt prices Thousands of US dollars per tonne Lithium carbonate prices Thousands of US dollars per tonne Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 © BP p.l.c. 2020

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