This document discusses Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) and Equivalence Class Partitioning (ECP) testing techniques. It explains that due to time and budget constraints, exhaustive testing of all possible input combinations is not feasible. BVA and ECP help intelligently select test cases by dividing inputs into partitions/classes of equivalent data that cover all test scenarios and reduce the number of test cases needed. BVA tests boundary values like minimum, maximum, just inside/outside boundaries, while ECP first divides inputs into equivalence classes to derive test cases.

1. Boundary Value Analysis and
Equivalence Class Partitioning
Testing

2. Practically, due to time and budget considerations, it is not possible to
perform exhausting testing for each set of test data, especially when
there is a large pool of input combinations.
• We need an easy way or special techniques that can select test cases
intelligently from the pool of test-case, such that all test scenarios are
covered.
• We use two techniques – Equivalence Partitioning & Boundary Value
Analysis testing techniques to achieve this.
Why need BVA and ECP

3. What is Boundary Testing?
• Boundary testing is the process of testing between extreme ends or
boundaries between partitions of the input values.
• So these extreme ends like Start- End, Lower- Upper, Maximum-Minimum,
Just Inside-Just Outside values are called boundary values and the testing is
called “boundary testing”.
• The basic idea in normal boundary value testing is to select input variable
values at their:
• Minimum
• Just above the minimum
• A nominal value
• Just below the maximum
• Maximum

4. •In Boundary Testing, Equivalence Class Partitioning plays a good
role
•Boundary Testing comes after the Equivalence Class Partitioning.

5. Equivalence Partitioning
Equivalence Partitioning or Equivalence Class Partitioning is type of
black box testing technique which can be applied to all levels of
software testing like unit, integration, system, etc. In this technique,
input data units are divided into equivalent partitions that can be used
to derive test cases which reduces time required for testing because of
small number of test cases.
• It divides the input data of software into different equivalence data
classes.
• You can apply this technique, where there is a range in the input field.

7. We cannot test all the possible values because if done, the number of
test cases will be more than 100. To address this problem, we use
equivalence partitioning hypothesis where we divide the possible
values of tickets into groups or sets as shown below where the system
behavior can be considered the same.