The world may continue to shrink in light of advanced technology, higher demands from markets and faster turnaround times, globalization has become a staple for world commerce and international business.
The world may continue to shrink in light of advanced technology, higher demands from markets and faster turnaround times, globalization has become a staple for world commerce and international business.
World trade in goods and services – major trends and developmentsmeenee
This ppt shows how trade has emerged and evolved. Further, the graphs and charts, picked from wto reports show the trade pattern wrt the year 2011. Further, recent trends in world trade are mentioned.
Export marketing has two different types of costs:production costs and selling and delivery costs. Factors affecting pricing are international marketing objective, costs, competition, product differentiation, image and government factors. Besides supply conditions, demand and competitive conditions, cost is the other most important factor in export pricing.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
egional economic integration
,
levels of economic integration
,
free trade area b) customs union c) common marke
,
the political case for regional integration
,
the economic case for regional integration
,
mercosur
,
regional economic integration in europe
,
evolution of the european union
,
impediments to integration
,
the case against regional integration
,
the andean community
,
classroom performance system
,
the north american free trade agreement
,
asia-pacific economic cooperation
,
regional economic integration elsewhere
,
regional trade blocs in africa
,
political structure of the european union
,
enlargement of the european union
,
the single european act
,
the establishment of the euro
,
central american common market and caricom
Unit 1 Overview of International BusinessCharu Rastogi
This presentation deals with general introductory topics such as globalization and its impact, WTO and its impact, Role of World Bank, IMF, Special Drawing Rights, Nature, scope and significance of international finance and Use of IT in international finance.
> To define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other
> To understand why companies engage in international business and why international business growth has accelerated
> To discuss globalization’s future and the major criticisms of globalization
> To become familiar with different ways in which a company can accomplish its global objectives
> To apply social science disciplines to understanding the differences between international and domestic business
> To define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other
World trade in goods and services – major trends and developmentsmeenee
This ppt shows how trade has emerged and evolved. Further, the graphs and charts, picked from wto reports show the trade pattern wrt the year 2011. Further, recent trends in world trade are mentioned.
Export marketing has two different types of costs:production costs and selling and delivery costs. Factors affecting pricing are international marketing objective, costs, competition, product differentiation, image and government factors. Besides supply conditions, demand and competitive conditions, cost is the other most important factor in export pricing.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
egional economic integration
,
levels of economic integration
,
free trade area b) customs union c) common marke
,
the political case for regional integration
,
the economic case for regional integration
,
mercosur
,
regional economic integration in europe
,
evolution of the european union
,
impediments to integration
,
the case against regional integration
,
the andean community
,
classroom performance system
,
the north american free trade agreement
,
asia-pacific economic cooperation
,
regional economic integration elsewhere
,
regional trade blocs in africa
,
political structure of the european union
,
enlargement of the european union
,
the single european act
,
the establishment of the euro
,
central american common market and caricom
Unit 1 Overview of International BusinessCharu Rastogi
This presentation deals with general introductory topics such as globalization and its impact, WTO and its impact, Role of World Bank, IMF, Special Drawing Rights, Nature, scope and significance of international finance and Use of IT in international finance.
> To define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other
> To understand why companies engage in international business and why international business growth has accelerated
> To discuss globalization’s future and the major criticisms of globalization
> To become familiar with different ways in which a company can accomplish its global objectives
> To apply social science disciplines to understanding the differences between international and domestic business
> To define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other
Retail is the process of selling consumer goods or services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit. Retailers satisfy demand identified through a supply chain.
Retailing in India is one of the pillars of its economy and accounts for about 10 percent of its GDP
Retail is the sale of goods to end users, not for resale, but for use and consumption by the purchaser.
It accounts for over 10 per cent of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around 8 per cent of the employment. India is the world's fifth-largest global destination in the retail space.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Is the Central Bank of the country. Role of RBI differs from other banks since it does not get engaged in day to day retail banking; does not do micro or macro regular financing. On the contrary, it is the Bankers’ Bank and formulates monetary guidelines and policies which are to be followed by all the banks operating in the country.
The central bank of any country executes many functions such as overseeing monetary policy, issuing currency, managing foreign exchange, working as a bank for government and as a banker of scheduled commercial banks. It also works for overall economic growth of the country. The preamble of the Reserve Bank of India describes its main functions as:
..to regulate the issue of Bank Notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage.
PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds (PUBG) is an online multiplayer battle royale game developed and published by PUBG Corporation, a subsidiary of South Korean video game company Bluehole. The game is based on previous mods that were created by Brendan "PlayerUnknown" Greene for other games, inspired by the 2000 Japanese film Battle Royale, and expanded into a standalone game under Greene's creative direction. In the game, up to one hundred players parachute onto an island and scavenge for weapons and equipment to kill others while avoiding getting killed themselves. The available safe area of the game's map decreases in size over time, directing surviving players into tighter areas to force encounters. The last player or team still surviving wins.
Pharmaceutical industry is a very vital segment of the
our health care system, which deals with manufacturing
and marketing of pharmaceuticals and biological
products and medicinal devices, used for the diagnosis
and treatment of diseases as well as conducts research
for development of new products for human welfare
TQM involves
building quality in a pharmaceutical product as it
involve complete records such as standard operating
procedures for every step, validation records, master
formula records and batch production records etc.
Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by PepsiCo. Originally created and developed in 1893 by Caleb Bradham and introduced as Brad's Drink, it was renamed as Pepsi-Cola on August 28, 1898, and then as
Pepsi was first introduced as "Brad's Drink" in New Bern, North Carolina, United States, in 1893 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his drugstore where the drink was sold. It was renamed Pepsi-Cola in 1898 after the root of the word "dyspepsia" and the kola nuts used in the recipe. The original recipe also included sugar and vanilla. Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was appealing and would aid in digestion and boost energy Pepsi in 1961.
Agreement between investors or owners of a project, and a management company hired for coordinating and overseeing a contract”.
A business or an organization will hire a management company to perform specific tasks. Your organization might hire a management company to look after its marketing and under the contract, the management company would perform marketing on your company’s behalf and receive a fee for doing so.
The compensation for the management might be decided based on performance or it can be a set sum decided between you are the management company.
Founded in March 2011, Healthkart.com (Aquamarine Health Care Pvt. Ltd.) was formed on the grounds of giving simple, effective solutions to health enthusiasts. Today, Healthkart offers India’s largest range of genuine health products across categories and all major brands. HealthKart.com is an online portal where people can find, compare and buy health products.
Healthcare, technology and consumer behaviour, a lot is happening. There is a huge potential. With experience in technology & healthcare, the idea is to develop an organized portal in healthcare retail sector. There is a huge space, a huge need of good products. There is no ceiling for growth in this space.
DMart is a chain of hypermarket and supermarkets in India founded by Radhakishan Damani in the year 2002. As of 2018, it has 154 stores spread across Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, National Capital Region, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Punjab.
DMart is promoted by Avenue Supermarts Ltd. (ASL). The company has its headquarters in Mumbai.
Cross cultural communication refers to the communication between people who have differences in any one of the following: styles of working, age, nationality, ethnicity, race, gender, sexual orientation, etc. Cross cultural communication can also refer to the attempts that are made to exchange, negotiate and mediate cultural differences by means of language, gestures and body language. It is how people belonging to different cultures communicate with each other.
PPT ON 92.7 BIG FM .is a nationwide private FM radio station India owned by Indian businessman Anil Ambani. It broadcasts at 92.7 MHz (92.7 FM). It mainly plays Bollywood music but Hollywood and regional songs are also played. It broadcasts from 6am to 12am.
FIEO (Federation Of Indian Export Organization)Arpit Sem
presentation on FIEO. The Federation of Indian Export Organizations (FIEO), nonprofit organizations set up by the Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India in 1965 to co-ordinate and focus the efforts of all organizations in the country engaged in export promotion.
a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.
Tesla is accelerating the world's transition to sustainable energy, offering the safest, quickest electric cars on the road and integrated energy solutions. Tesla products work together to power your home and charge your electric car with clean energy, day and night.
risk which the exporters importers have to go through.
A credit risk is the risk of default on a debt that may arise from a borrower failing to make required payments. In the first resort, the risk is that of the lender and includes lost principal and interest, disruption to cash flows, and increased collection costs.
Credit risk refers to the risk that a borrower may not repay a loan and that the lender may lose the principal of the loan or the interest associated with it.
A Failure stunt done by the cartoon network a company owned by Tim Warner's . The stunt popularly known as boston bomb.this stunt was done to drew attention of public on their launching of their new show aqua teen hunger force.
in this ppt you can get effects of water pollution and ways to reduce it .How water pollution effects our society in coming era. find good ways to reduce it
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the what'sapp number of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Message: +12349014282 VIA Whatsapp.
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the what'sapp contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
+12349014282
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the what'sapp information for my personal pi vendor.
+12349014282
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the what's app number of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
+12349014282
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...sameer shah
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
Tax System, Behaviour, Justice, and Voluntary Compliance Culture in Nigeria -...
Borderless world
1.
2. Borderless world is a concept of
globalisation where the goods,
services, information and capital flow
from/through different nations.
The concept of borderless world may
include any product which is
produced in one country, assembled
in second country, marketed in third
country and financed from fourth
country.
3. Borderless world is not just buying and selling
products in different markets of the world but it
includes a lot of other business activities such as:-
1. Licensing
2. Contract manufacturing
3. Alliances
4. Outsourcing
5. Franchising
6. Joint Ventures
7. FDI
4. A trade agreement in which one company (the
licensor) allows another company (the licensee) to
use it’s brand name or manufacture it’s products in
exchange for fee or royalty.
for ex:- licensee company – Videocon
It’s licensed brand – Phillips TV , Sansui
5. It occurs when a company hires a
foreign company to produce a specified
volume of the firm’s product to
specification, the final product carries
the domestic firm’s name.
For ex:- pharmaceutical companies
like
1. MAKCUR LABORATORIES LTD
2. Kremoint Pharma Pvt. Ltd
6. A partnership formed to create
competitive advantage on a
worldwide basis.
For ex:- Starbucks and Barnes &
Noble
Starbucks has become
synonymous with coffee. Barnes
& Noble are bookstores in
different places and their
partnership has been a success
as the readers like taking a
coffee break and browse the
latest bestsellers at the same
time.
7. Transferring manufacturing or other tasks (such as
information technology operations) to companies in
countries where labour and supplies are less
expensive.
For ex:-
IBM-Bharti Airtel Deal
Bharti Airtel and IBM announced an agreement to
manage Airtel’s infrastructure and application services
in India over the next few years.
8. A form of licensing in which a company (the
franchiser) agrees to provide a franchisee the name
, logo ,methods of operations, advertising,
products, and other elements associated with the
franchiser’s business.
For ex:-
McDonalds Corporation- This international quick
service restaurant company has over 75% of its
worldwide restaurants independently owned.
Business owners can purchase a new or existing
restaurant.
9.
10. The sharing of costs and operations of a
business between a foreign company and a
local partner.
For ex:-
Maruti Suzuki India Limited, is an automobile
manufacturer in India. It is a 56.2% owned
subsidiary of Japanese automobile and
motorcycle manufacturer Suzuki Motor
Corporation.
11. Foreign-owned corporations that set up their
physical base in a foreign country through direct
investment.
For ex:-
British petroleum Plc is making one of the
biggest FDI in India, with a $7.2 billion tie-up with
Reliance Industries to explore for deepwater oil
and gas.
12. Free Trade Area (FTA)
Foreign Trade Policy (FTP)
Economic Union
Economic Condition
LPG
Balance of Payment
Special Economic Zones
13. Export processing Zones
Protectionism
Inflation rate
Exchange rate
International trade barriers
WTO
GATT
WORLD BANK
14. A FTA is a group of countries that have few or no
price controls in the form of tariffs or quotas
between each other.
There are around 420 regional trade agreements
already in force around the world, according to the
World Trade Organisation.
15. FTP are policies enacted by the government
sector of a domestic economy to discourage
imports from, and encourage exports to, the
foreign sector.
The three most common Foreign Trade
Policies are tariffs, import quotas and export
subsidies.
16. European Union (EU) is a union of European
nations established in 1958 to promote trade
among its members; one of the largest single
markets today.
The European Union (EU), also called the
European Community or Common Market, was
established in 1958 to promote trade among its
members, which initially included Belgium,
France, Italy ,West Germany, Luxembourg, and
The Netherlands.
To facilitate free trade among its members, the
EU is working toward the standardization of
business regulations and requirements, import
duties, and value added taxes;
17.
18. Economic conditions refer to the state of the
economy in a country or region. They change
over time in line with the economic
and business cycles, as an economy goes
through expansion and contraction.
Economic conditions are considered to be
sound or positive when an economy is
expanding and are considered to be adverse
or negative when an economy is contracting.
19. Liberalisation:- Trade liberalization is the
removal or reduction of restrictions or barriers
on the free exchange of goods between nations.
This includes the removal or reduction
of tariff obstacles, such as duties and surcharges,
and nontariff obstacles, such as licensing rules,
quotas and other requirements. The easing or
eradication of these restrictions is often referred
to as promoting "free trade."
20.
21. Privatisation:- Privatization can
refer to the act of transferring ownership
of specified property or business
operations from a government
organization to a privately owned entity,
as well as the transition of ownership
from a publicly traded, or owned,
company to a privately owned company.
For a company to be considered privately
owned, it cannot secure funding through
public trades on a stock exchange.
22. Globalisation:-
Globalization is the tendency of investment
funds and businesses to move beyond domestic
and national markets to other markets around the
globe, thereby increasing the interconnection of
the world. Globalization has had the effect of
marketly increasing international trade and cultural
exchange.
23. The balance of payments, also known as balance
of international payments, encompasses all
transactions between a country’s residents and
its non-residents involving goods, services and
income; financial claims on and liabilities to the
rest of the world; and transfers such as gifts. The
balance of payments classifies these transactions
in two accounts – the current account and the
capital account. The current account includes
transactions in goods, services, investment
income and current transfers , while the capital
account mainly includes transactions in financial
instruments.
24. A special economic zone (SEZ) refers to
designated areas in countries with special
economic regulations that differ from other
areas in the same country. These regulations
tend to contain measures that are conducive
to foreign direct investment. Conducting
business in a SEZ usually means a company
receives tax incentives and the opportunity to
pay-lower tariffs.
25. Export processing zones (EPZs) are areas within
developing countries that offer incentives and a
barrier-free environment to promote economic
growth by attracting foreign investment for
export-oriented production. The number of
zones internationally, countries hosting EPZs,
and firms operating in them, and the business
volume they handle, are all growing rapidly,
suggesting their importance. Yet, business
research on EPZs is virtually nonexistent, leading
to poor understanding of their role in
international marketing.
26.
27. Protectionism refers to government actions and
policies that restrict or restrain international
trade , often done with the intent of protecting
local businesses and jobs from foreign
competition. Typical methods of protectionism
are tariffs and quotas on imports
and subsidies or tax cuts granted to local
businesses. The primary objective of
protectionism is to make local businesses or
industries more competitive by increasing the
price or restricting the quantity of imports
entering the country.
28.
29. Inflation is the rate at which the general level of
prices for goods and services is rising and,
consequently, the purchasing power of currency
is falling. Central banks attempt to limit inflation,
and avoid deflation, in order to keep
the economy running smoothly.
As a result of inflation, the purchasing power of a
unit of currency falls. For example, if the inflation
rate is 2%, then a pack of gum that costs $1 in a
given year will cost $1.02 the next year. As goods
and services require more money to purchase, the
implicit value of that money falls.
30. The ratio at which one nation’s currency can be
exchanged for another nation’s currency or for
gold is the exchange rate. Exchange rates vary
daily and can be found in newspapers and
through many sites on the Internet.
Familiarity with exchange rates is important
because they affect the cost of imports and
exports. Current exchange rates provide an
opportunity for Canada to export cheaper
products to the US. Tourists find that the US
dollar goes a lot further in Canada, as the
advertisement for Canadian ski resorts shows.
31.
32. A barrier to trade is a government-imposed restraint on
the flow of international goods or services. The most
common barrier to trade is a tariff—a tax on imports.
Tariffs raise the price of imported goods relative to
domestic goods (goods produced at home).
Tariffs and other trade restrictions are part of a country’s
legal structure but may be established or removed for
political reasons . An import tariff is a tax levied by a
nation on goods imported into the country. A fixed tariff
is a specific amount of money levied on each unit of a
product brought into the country, while an ad valorem
tariff is based on the value of the item.
33. World Trade Organization (WTO) :- “Is the
only international organization dealing
with the global rules of trade between
nations. Its main function is to ensure that
trade flows as smoothly, predictably and
freely as possible.” It is the continuation of
GATT.
34.
35. General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT) :-During the Great Depression of
the 1930s, nations established so many protective
tariffs covering so many products that international
trade became virtually impossible . By the end of
World War II, there was considerable international
momentum to liberalize trade and minimize the
effects of tariffs. The General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade (GATT), originally signed by 23 nations in
1947, provides a forum for tariff negotiations and a
place where international trade problems can be
discussed and resolved. Currently, more than 140
nations abide by its rules, managed by the World
Trade Organization (WTO).
36. An organization established by the
industrialized nations in 1946 to loan money
to underdeveloped and developing countries;
formally known as the International Bank for
Reconstruction And Development The World
Bank, more formally known as the
International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development, was established by the
industrialized nations, including Canada, in
1946 to loan money to underdeveloped and
developing countries.
37.
38. FLEXIBLE STRATEGIES:
The companies need to make suitable strategies
keeping in mind the rapidly changing market.
CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS:
With many options available in the market the
customers only expect and choose the quality
products.
COMPETITION:
As the MNCs and other global companies coming
in, the small and domestic companies may face a
lot of competition and struggle to survive.