Book Of Kells
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The Book of Kells is an illuminated manuscript from the 9th century containing the four Gospels of the New Testament. While its original purpose was religious, it is considered a masterpiece of Celtic art. Experts believe it was first created at the monastery of Iona before being moved to Kells for protection from Viking raids. It remained at Kells monastery until the 16th century when it was given to Trinity College Dublin where it remains today. The extraordinary artwork and intricate illuminations found throughout are estimated to have taken 30 years to complete by hand.
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Cuando se escribió el Libro de Kells hace más de 1000 años, Irlanda tenía una población de menos de medio millón de habitantes que vivían en poblados fortificados a lo largo de la costa y en las vías fluviales del interior.
En general, la iglesia irlandesa estaba organizada monásticamente. Los monjes vivían en comunidades dedicadas al estudio de la palabra de Dios, al ayuno, y al trabajo manual. El mensaje de la vida de Cristo se extendía principalmente por medio de los evangelios, y los escribas y artistas que los producían disfrutaban de una posición privilegiada en la sociedad irlandesa.
El Libro de Kells contiene un texto en latín de los cuatro evangelios que se ornamentaron espléndidamente.
Desde hace tiempo, el Libro de Kells se ha asociado a San Colum Cille (521-597 d. de C.) quien, alrededor del año 561, fundó el principal monasterio en la isla de lona, cerca de la costa oeste de Escocia.
Probablemente, el Libro de Kells fue creado por los monjes de lona a principios del siglo nueve y fue producido en su totalidad o parcialmente en la misma lona o en Kells (Condado de Meath) donde se trasladaron después del año 806 d. de C., cuando lona fue saqueada por los Vikingos en un ataque en que, sesenta y ocho monjes perdieron la vida.
Alrededor de 1653, por razones de seguridad durante la época de Cromwell, se envió el Libro de Kells a Dublín. Llegó a Trinity College por mediación de Henry Jones, después de que éste fuese nombrado obispo de Meath en 1661.
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Celtic knots originated in Celtic artwork after 450 AD. They are complex, interwoven patterns without beginning or end that are found in manuscripts like the Book of Kells and modern jewelry, tattoos, and decorations. While their exact meaning is unknown, some theories are that they symbolize eternity or were created because the Celts were prohibited from other images. The Book of Kells, created around 800 AD, contains some of the finest examples of illuminated Celtic knotwork and survived centuries in a bog despite Viking raids.
Newfound species
Trabajo basado en una idea original de Dácil Velázquez.
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Lindisfarne gospels and other illuminated manuscripts
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Early Medieval Art: Hiberno-Saxon Manuscript Illumination
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In the 6th century, Irish monasteries became centers of learning where monks meticulously hand-copied religious texts with elaborate illustrations, fusing Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Byzantine artistic traditions. Two famous examples are the 8th century Lindisfarne Gospels and Book of Kells, featuring intricately decorated pages with interlacing patterns and symbols representing the Four Evangelists. These Hiberno-Saxon manuscripts reflect the merging of Christian and pagan visual cultures in medieval Ireland and Britain.
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Book Of Kells08post
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The document provides instructions for a field project to visit the Book of Kells exhibition at Trinity College Dublin. The tasks include meeting at the Old Library entrance, visiting the exhibition and Treasury to view pages like the Chi-Rho page, visiting the Long Room to see the 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic, learning how books are organized in the Old Library, and identifying famous men from the marble busts. The document also provides background information on the Book of Kells and what to expect during the visit.
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The document discusses several artifacts from Anglo-Saxon and Viking cultures including a round fibula from the 7th century AD decorated with gemstones, a purse lid from the Sutton Hoo ship burial decorated with gold and garnet plaques depicting animals, and a carved animal head found on the Oseberg ship burial in Norway from the 9th century AD. The artifacts demonstrate the importance of animals and animal-style artwork in Norse and Anglo-Saxon culture as symbols of strength and depictions on functional objects like weapons, jewelry, and ships.
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Earlymedievalart
Early Medieval art saw a decline of Roman influence as migratory peoples moved throughout Europe in the 7th century. Monasteries became centers of learning and production of illuminated manuscripts as the primary art form. Hiberno-Saxon art from Ireland and Britain featured intricate interlacing patterns and animal styles in manuscripts like the Book of Kells. Viking art expanded across Scandinavia, Britain, and France in the 8th-11th centuries through ship burials and rune stones. Carolingian art under Charlemagne revived classical Roman forms through architecture, sculpture, and manuscripts which influenced later Ottonian art.
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THE EPIC OF GILGAMESH AN ENGLISH VERSION WITH AN INTRODUC.docx
THE EPIC OF GILGAMESH
AN ENGLISH VERSION WITH AN INTRODUCTION
BY
N. K. Sandars
*
REVISED EDITION INCORPORATING
NEW MATERIAL
PENGUIN
CONTENTS
Map of the Ancient Orie"t
INTRODUCTION
1 The History of the Epic 7
2 Tht Discovery of the Tablt·ts 9
3 The Historical Background 13
4 The Literary Background 17
S The Hero of the Epic 20
6 The Principal Gods £?f the Bpic 23
7 The Story 30
44-8 Survival
9 The Diction the Epic 47
49 10 Remarks on this VerSiOtl
Acknowledgements 59
THE EPIC OF GILGAMESH
Prologue: GILGAMESH KING IN URUK 61
3 ISHT AR AND GILGAMESH, AND THE DEATH
6 THE RETURN II4
7 THE DEATH OF GILGAMESH u8
1 THE COMING OF ENKIDU 62
2 THE FOREST JOURNEY 70
OF ENKIDU 85
4 THE SEARCH FOR EVERLASTING LIFE 97
S THE STORY OF THE FLOOD 108
Glossary Names 120
Appendix: Sources 126
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Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australi.
Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 4I Steelcase Road West, Markham, Onta
Penguin Books (N.Z.) Ltd, 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, Ne'
This translation first published 1960
Reprinted 1962
Reprinted with revisions 1964
Reprinted I965, 1966, 1967. 1968, I970, 1971 (twice)
Reprinted with revisions 1972
Reprinted 1973, 1974, 1975
Copyright Cl N. K. Sandars, 1960, 196<4, 1972
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that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise,
be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated
without the publisher's prior consent in any form of
binding or cover other than that in which it is
published and without a similar condition
including this condition being imposed
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INTRODUCTION
1. The History ofthe Epic
THE Epic ofGilgamesh, the renowned king ofUruk in Meso-
potamia, comes from an age which had been wholly forgotten,
until in the last century archaeologists began uncovering the
buried cities of the Middle East. Till then the entire history of
the long period which separated Abraham from Noah was
contained in two of the most forbiddingly genealogical
chapters of the Book ofGenesis. From these chapters only two
names survived in common parlance, those of the hunter
Nimrud and the tower of Babel; but in the cycle of poelllS
which are collected round the character of Gilgamesh we are
carried back into the middle of that age.
These poems have a right to a place in the world's literature,
not only because they antedate Homeric epic by at least one and
a half thousand years, but mainly because of the quality and
characte ...
Stiegel Battles Power Point
This document provides a summary of the history of libraries from ancient Mesopotamia to modern times. It discusses important early libraries like those in Nippur, Nineveh, and Alexandria. It then covers periods of book destruction under the Qin Dynasty in China and the Nazis in Germany. The document highlights various efforts to collect and preserve texts through different eras, such as at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad and the scriptorium at the Vivarium monastery. In under 3 sentences, the document traces the rise and fall of libraries across civilizations and the ongoing efforts to save knowledge through times of loss.
Unit 3 a
The document discusses several works of art from the Early Middle Ages and Romanesque period in Europe. It provides information on a 6th century Merovingian fibula, pages from the 8th century Lindisfarne Gospels including portraits of Matthew and Luke, and the Romanesque Church of Sainte-Foy in France from the 11th-12th century along with its relic container. It also mentions the Bayeux Tapestry from the 11th century depicting the Norman invasion of England. The works demonstrate evolving styles in medieval Europe like animalistic decoration, illuminated manuscripts, stone architecture, sculpture, and narrative embroidery.
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Codex-Gigas-In-English.pdf
The document summarizes information about the Devil's Bible, the largest surviving medieval manuscript in the world. It describes the book's size and contents, including its creation in the 13th century Bohemia and ownership by various monasteries over the centuries. The summary also mentions that the book contains illustrations including a half-meter depiction of the devil, as well as texts from the Bible and histories. Finally, it announces an upcoming exhibition where the original Devil's Bible will be publicly displayed.
Lit 11_medieval 1
Monks in medieval times wrote manuscripts in scriptorium rooms using wax-covered wooden tablets. They specialized in different roles such as calligraphers, illuminators, and rubricators. One of the most famous manuscripts is the Book of Kells from around 800 AD which can be seen at Trinity College in Dublin. Troubadours composed complex verses on topics like love and politics in southern France and northern Italy between the 11th-13th centuries which were then performed by jongleurs.
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The document provides an overview of Early Medieval art from 450-1050 CE. It describes several civilizations that were producing art during this period, including Hiberno-Saxon art in the British Isles, Viking art in Scandinavia, and Carolingian art in France and Germany. Some key characteristics of Early Medieval art mentioned are the prevalent use of interlacing patterns, animal styles, and horror vacui designs. Examples of artwork from the Lindisfarne Gospels and Book of Kells are also discussed.
Presentacion
Çatalhöyük was a large Neolithic settlement located in southern Anatolia from 7500 BC to 5700 BC. It was composed entirely of domestic buildings packed closely together without streets. The inhabitants, estimated at up to 10,000 people, buried their dead within the settlement and may have exposed bodies before burial. Distinctive clay figurines of a female deity emphasized fertility and were found in what were likely religious sites. Extensive archaeological excavations beginning in 1993 have provided significant insights into the culture and daily life of the Neolithic people who lived there.
Історія американської дитячої літератури на англ. мові
The document outlines the history of children's literature from its early beginnings in Anglo-Saxon times to the modern realistic period. It traces the evolution of children's books from early religious texts and primers to illustrated books, fairy tales, and realistic stories of everyday life. Key developments included Aldhem of Malmesbury's early lesson books for children in Latin, the growth of chapbooks and primers in medieval England, John Newberry's establishment of publishing solely for children's enjoyment in the 18th century, and Louisa May Alcott's popular Little Women series in the realistic period. The document covers major authors and works that shaped children's literature over time.
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Renewed in Grace
Astronism, Cosmism and Cosmodeism: the space religions espousing the doctrine...
This lecture created by Brandon Taylorian (aka Cometan) specially for the CESNUR Conference held Bordeaux in June 2024 provides a brief introduction to the legacy of religious and philosophical thought that Astronism emerges from, namely the discourse on transcension started assuredly by the Cosmists in Russia in the mid-to-late nineteenth century and then carried on and developed by Mordecai Nessyahu in Cosmodeism in the twentieth century. Cometan also then provides some detail on his story in founding Astronism in the early twenty-first century from 2013 along with details on the central Astronist doctrine of transcension. Finally, the lecture concludes with some contributions made by space religions and space philosophy and their influences on various cultural facets in art, literature and film.
Trusting God's Providence | Verse: Romans 8: 28-31
Trusting God's Providence.
Providence - God’s active preservation and care over His creation. God is both the Creator and the Sustainer of all things Heb. 1:2-3; Col. 1:17
-God keep His promises.
-God’s general providence is toward all creation
- All things were made through Him
God’s special providence is toward His children.
We may suffer now, but joy can and will come
God can see what we cannot see
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Book Of Kells
- 2. The Book of Kells is not simply a religious manuscript. True, it contains the four gospels of Mark, Mathew, Luke and John and that was the sole original purpose of the book. But its age and its design, although damaged, allow us a glorious glimpse into the art and style of ancient Ireland. The book is, quite simply, considered a crowning glory of the Celtic art form, and possibly one of the most important treasures of Western Europe.
- 3. Experts are uncertain where the Book of Kells was first begun, but evidence points to the Isle of Iona, which was the center of St. Columba's influence and the home of his church. Later, during the Viking raids of the 9th century, it was moved for its protection to Kells Monastery, County Meath, Ireland. Here it remained for almost two hundred years, until it was stolen in 1007. Its golden cover, which was probably encrusted with gems, was ripped from the book, and the remainder was thrown in a ditch. The book was soon recovered, but not before it received some water damage to the front and back pages. Unfortunately, its cover was forever lost.
- 4. The Book of Kells remained in the monastery at Kells until 1541, when the Roman Catholic Church took it for protection. In 1661, it was returned to Ireland and given to Trinity College of Dublin by Archbishop Ussher. It has remained at the college since then and is the most important work that the university library contains.
- 5. Over the years, approximately 30 of its pages have been lost, the remaining 340 contains the four gospels, a list of Hebrew names, and the Eusebian cannons. But these are not the hallmarks of the book, as it is the artwork contained on the remaining leaves of calfskin pages that are its major achievement.
- 6. The book is resplendent with artwork, covering almost all the styles known at the time. It is estimated that this artwork took a team of illustrators thirty years to complete. All of it meticulously done by hand and in amazing intricacy and color. The most resplendent of the pages open the four chapters with illustrations of the saints along with individual pages that depict events in the life of Christ.
- 7. The detail in the Book of Kells is amazing, with no one symbol duplicated elsewhere in the book. In one spot there are over 158 lacings of a white ribbon contained in a square inch and nowhere can there be found an error by the artist, even after searching with a magnifying glass. It is no wonder that for many years, it was believed that only angels could only have written the Book of Kells.