Uploaded bysimisterchristen
DOCX, PDF111 views

BMAL 504Change Initiative Assessment Paper Assignment Instructi

The document outlines a paper assignment for an organizational change report that requires a maximum of 15 pages, divided into two parts with specific word counts and source requirements. Part 1 involves writing a case study of a significant organizational change, while Part 2 includes an analysis and recommendations based on the case. Students must apply course concepts and integrate peer-reviewed sources to support their analysis and recommendations.

Embed presentation

Download to read offline
1 / 111
2 / 111
Most read
3 / 111
4 / 111
5 / 111
6 / 111
7 / 111
8 / 111
9 / 111
10 / 111
11 / 111
12 / 111
13 / 111
14 / 111
15 / 111
16 / 111
17 / 111
18 / 111
19 / 111
20 / 111
21 / 111
22 / 111
23 / 111
24 / 111
25 / 111
26 / 111
27 / 111
28 / 111
29 / 111
30 / 111
31 / 111
32 / 111
33 / 111
34 / 111
35 / 111
36 / 111
37 / 111
38 / 111
39 / 111
40 / 111
41 / 111
42 / 111
43 / 111
44 / 111
45 / 111
46 / 111
47 / 111
48 / 111
49 / 111
50 / 111
51 / 111
52 / 111
53 / 111
54 / 111
55 / 111
56 / 111
57 / 111
58 / 111
59 / 111
60 / 111
61 / 111
62 / 111
63 / 111
64 / 111
65 / 111
66 / 111
67 / 111
68 / 111
69 / 111
70 / 111
71 / 111
72 / 111
73 / 111
74 / 111
75 / 111
76 / 111
77 / 111
78 / 111
79 / 111
80 / 111
81 / 111
82 / 111
83 / 111
84 / 111
85 / 111
86 / 111
87 / 111
88 / 111
89 / 111
90 / 111
91 / 111
92 / 111
93 / 111
94 / 111
95 / 111
96 / 111
97 / 111
98 / 111
99 / 111
100 / 111
101 / 111
102 / 111
103 / 111
104 / 111
105 / 111
106 / 111
107 / 111
108 / 111
109 / 111
110 / 111
111 / 111
BMAL 504 Change Initiative Assessment: Paper Assignment Instructions Each student will prepare 1 document to submit through TurnitIn. The project is an organizational change report that will total no more than 15 pages (not counting title or reference pages; no abstract is required). The paper must follow current APA format guidelines and will contain 2 main parts. Part 1 must be 1250–1750 words Part 2 must be 1500–2000 words. A minimum of 10 peer-reviewed sources must be published within the last FIVE YEARS For APA 7 Format and Template *USE THIS Part 1 (a maximum of 1750 words) must be written as a case and must describe vs. analyze/recommend. Part 1 must be modeled after the cases read during the course, containing similar format and content. Part 1 must contain a case description of a large organizational change (one about which you are able to obtain significant information) (EXAMPLES BELOW). Types of change might include mergers, acquisitions, downsizing, new strategic direction, globalization, public image failures (BP, Toyota, Facebook, Goldman Sachs), macro-economic change, political/legal shifts, or some other type of organizational change.
The target organization may be a private, government, or non- profit organization with which you are familiar. Remember that you will need to select an organization for which you are able to collect considerable information in order to create a comprehensive case. Part 2 (a maximum of 2000 words) must be a thorough analysis, with suggestions for change and recommendations for management interventions in the case from Part 1. This part of your Project must be modeled after your 2 Consulting Proposal assignments (EXAMPLES & Part II TEMPLATE BELOW), each of which includes an analysis section and a recommendations section. In the analysis, apply course concepts to the case. In your recommendations, provide strategic, practical, and insightful actions for management. Consider the following questions in Part 2: · Based on your learning related to this course, how would you diagnose what is really going on in the organization selected? · How well do the organizational leaders/members understand what the issues really are? · How ready is the organization to change in terms of awareness, motivation, flexibility, and skill? · Given the context of the change (social, political, economic, customer need, etc.), how big a change is required to move the organization to a productive and effective mode of existence? · Analyze the company’s particular approach to change. Why did the organization take one particular approach to change (e.g., downsize) rather than other possible ones (e.g., creating a
learning organization)? How effectively was the particular change attempt carried out? · How did resistance to change manifest itself? How effectively was the resistance addressed? · What were the objectives of the change effort? How successful was the change effort given its objectives? · How might the organization have used some of the materials and learnings from this course to increase the success of the change effort? · What consulting strategy would you use in working with the organization? · What recommendations would you make to the organization on how to be more effective in implementing and/or sustaining changes going forward? Grading Rubric: Page 1 of 2 image1.png image2.emf Microsoft_Word_Document.docx Personality Assesment James W. Bland III School of , Liberty University
Author Note I have no known conflict of interest to disclose. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to . Email: Abstract Studies show that there are sixteen work personalities. Those personalities are known as the type of table, which the Publisher wrote, Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc. Palo Alto, Ca 94303. It shows how important it is to know identify your work type for a healthy, happy, and fulfilled work environment for yourself and others. Keywords: 2 PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT 2 Introverts, extroverts, sensors, intuitive Personality Assessment Part 1: Jung and Briggs Myers personality results analysis My personality test based on Jung and Briggs Myers typology indicated that I have an INTJ (introverted (38 percent), Intuitive (19 percent), thinking (6 percent), and judging (25 percent) type of personality. My results indicate that I have a moderate preference for introversion over extroversion. I have a slight preference for intuition over sensing, a slight preference for thinking over feeling, and a mild
preference for judging over perceiving. As INTJ, my primary mode of living is known to be focused intrinsically; I take things and decisions based on my intuition. My secondary way of living is external, where I deal with situations rationally and logically. INTJ is known as masterminds; they live in a world of ideas and plan strategically rather than following their emotions. I value competence, intelligence, and knowledge as an INTJ person, and I have similar expectations to other people I work with currently and in the past. Since I am more of an introvert, I channel my energy into observing the world to generate potential ideas and possibilities which may turn out to be innovative. According to David Keirsey, a psychologist, and developer of the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, nearly 1 to 4 percent of the world's population has an INTJ personality type. Keirsey's four temperaments are better known as their subdivided sixteen kinds of personalities. The four-character types, according to Keirsey. The sixteen personality types include guardians, Artisans, Rationales, and Idealists; there are four personality types (Daniel, 2017). I-introverted Because I am more introverted at 38 percent, I am less likely to interact with others and share my ideas. I spend much of my time on my mind thinking about new ideas and how to plan strategically. As a result, I usually have little interest in the thoughts and feelings of other people. Therefore, other people will perceive me as a reserved person who is often isolated and less likely to share ideas. However, I am open to welcoming ideas from other people that I perceive as critical and logical since my primary focus as an INTJ person is to uncover innovations. As an introvert, I prefer working by myself ad strongly prefer solo work to group work. People find it hard to know me because I see little value in social events such as partying and small talk and thus making it difficult for people to get to know me. As a result, I have reserved interaction with a small circle of friends and family members. A person with INTJ personality traits tends to have
difficulty establishing intimate solid relationships. I find it hard to show affection to other people. I do not feel the need to express appreciation to other people. People in a romantic relationship with an INTJ person may feel as they are not loved due to the type rarely showing respect. They are less likely to give positive support and praise as other partners desire, which I know significantly demonstrates in my personality (Daniel, 2017). I do not find it necessary to keep praising my partner, and I rarely use words of affirmation to other people, which makes them think that I am not romantic. In terms of career, I have great interest and passion in pursuing what I live to become more skilled and knowledgeable in my field of study. I have high expectations, and I see it as my responsibility to become the better version of myself. I -Intuitive Based on the personality test, my score for intuition was 19 percent. As an intuitive person, I slightly prefer intuition over sensing. I tend to rely on imagination on the potential outcomes rather than sense. I am more focused on tangible facts and more specific results. I tend to discuss and assess different views and options of what the world would look like in the future. I am interested in the future rather than the current moment. For example, I would like to think of where I will be in five years and how that will influence my personal and professional growth. In addition, I tend to exercise my imagination to seek new ideas and possibilities. T-thinking I have a slight preference for thinking over feeling. According to Keirsey's four temperaments, my INTJ personality falls under the rational category as a mastermind. Masterminds are planners, self-confident, systematic, utilitarian, willful, and ingenious (Keirsey, n.d). Under planning, they understand the logical outcomes of each move, and their decisions do not influence by the current situation but the consequences of the action. They quickly understand how a particular decision affects the next step. They foresee what will be the outcome of
the present action. In addition, masterminds are self-confident and thus quickly make decisions because they believe in their intuitions and knowledge. When it comes to making decisions, I rarely waste time because I am self-confident that I am making the right decision. I have unparalleled certainty of my ability to overcome barriers and achieve excellent outcomes. Furthermore, INTJ's personality confronts challenges head-on and acts as a stimulant for the mastermind to dig deep to uncover innovations. INTJ personality follows a systematic approach to a problem. In addition, a mastermind believes that every situation exists for a reason, and thus every issue must have a solution. They are interested in using ideas and their utility in reality, not merely concerned about the pictures. NTS value knowledge and competence over everything else and seek to make sense of the world around them so that they can help improve it. However, they are not generally interested in taking care of details but instead are focused on seeing the big picture, discovering ideas, and recognizing patterns. Other people may find a person with an INTJ personality as a rigid person because they are committed to implementing their ideas. Other people may find it hard to understand a person with an INTJ personality. J- Judgment From the personality test, I score 25 percent in judgment. This score implies that I prefer judging over perceiving. For example, I like gathering information from the external world and analyzing it to gather new insights to make informed judgments rather than perceiving a situation. Part 2: Relationship of various personality types at work The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a practical framework that shows how different personality types work together. A workplace cannot be effective with too many people sharing the same personality. The workplace will not be effective because there are too many of the same character traits, and they do not benefit from different input from people with other character traits. For example, INTJ people are all
rational masterminds and not input from a person with ISTP personality traits. An organization with an accurate mixture of different personalities will perform better if it has idealists, rationalists, guardians, and artisans. All these personality types interact to bring out the best results. For example, ENFP personality types are regarded as imaginative motivators, while ENSTJ personality types are considered efficient organizers (Thompson, 2022). As a result, a company needs efficient organizers and creative motivators to perform to its full potential. If an organization only has employees with ESTJ personality type, it will have a workforce full of efficient organizers. However, unfortunately, it will be missing employees with ENFP personality types who are imaginative motivators. Different personality types bring various talents and ensure the team generates a broad spread of ideas and solutions. However, with team members having diverse personality traits can be hard to synchronize the differences into something that can work for the better of the company. However, it is not impossible if all team members respect the boundaries of others. For example, if a person is an introvert and prefers email, approaching their workstations may make them uncomfortable (Kroeger, Thuesen & Rutledge, 2009). It is also imperative to come to people with different personalities in different ways. For example, guardian types prefer facts and patience. Therefore, it is essential to approach the points and have plenty of time for them to make decisions. Based on the personality test results, I have learned the impacts that my personality type, both positive and negative, can have on an organization. One of the traits I have a person with an INTJ personality type is that I can easily make a decision because I can project the future outcomes, and thus, I am confident with the decision I make. I can predict how the future will unfold, and therefore, I can make strategic decisions for an organization that will place the company in a better position. As a mastermind, I am driven to achieve the result and
always watch the long-term consequences of a given action. Therefore, I am now better positioned to avoid decisions that may have adverse outcomes for an organization. INTJs are about strategy, and organizations are about strategic planning. As an INTJ, one of my biggest strengths is strategy. I approach situations in terms of problem-solving by looking at the bigger picture and the outcome of a given case. Businesses miss out because of a lack of visionary leaders who can strategize effectively (Kroeger, Thuesen & Rutledge, 2009). In addition, as an INTJ, I am independent and have self-confidence about myself. Self-confidence helps a leader take more bold moves that can take the organization far ahead. However, one of the weaknesses of INTJs is that they like working in solitary; this can be a disadvantage, especially for projects that require teamwork. I prefer working on projects alone. However, it can be hard when I am supposed to team with other employees to complete a task. References Kroeger, O., Thuesen, J. M., & Rutledge, H. (2009). Type talk at work (revised): How the 16 personality types determine your success on the job. Delta. Thompson, J. (2022). How to work with all the Myers-Briggs personality types. https://www.atlassian.com/blog/leadership/every- myers-briggs-personality-type Keirsey. (n.d). Learn about the rational mastermind. https://keirsey.com/temperament/rational- mastermind/ Daniel. (2017). Keirsey temperaments.
https://www.personalityclub.com/blog/keirsey- temperaments/ image3.emf SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 1 Created by Christy Owen of Liberty University’s Online Writing Center [email protected]; last date modified: November 7, 2021 Sample APA Paper: Professional Format for Graduate/Doctoral Students Claudia S. Sample School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
Author Note Claudia S. Sample (usually only included if author has an ORCID number) I have no known conflict of interest to disclose. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Claudia S. Sample. Email: [email protected] mailto:[email protected] mailto:[email protected] SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 2 Table of Contents (Only Included for Easy Navigation; Hyperlinked for Quick Access) Sample APA Paper: Professional Format for Graduate/Doctoral Students .................................... 6 Basic Rules of Scholarly Writing ...............................................................................................
.... 7 Brief Summary of Changes in APA-7 ............................................................................................. 8 Running Head, Author Note, and Abstract ..................................................................................... 9 Basic Formatting Elements ............................................................................................... ............ 10 Font ............................................................................................... .................................... 10 Line Spacing ............................................................................................... ...................... 10 Spaces After Punctuation ............................................................................................... ... 11 Footnotes ............................................................................................... ............................ 11 Heading Levels—Level 1 ............................................................................................... .............. 11 Level 2 Heading ............................................................................................... ................. 12
Level 3 Heading ............................................................................................... ..... 13 Level 4 Heading. Must be bolded and indented ½”. Add a period, one space, and begin your content on the same line as shown here. ....................................... 13 Level 5 Heading ............................................................................ 13 Specific Elements of Academic Papers ........................................................................................ 13 Tables of Contents and Outlines ....................................................................................... 13 Annotated Bibliographies ............................................................................................... .. 14 Appendices ............................................................................................... ......................... 14 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 3
Crediting Your Sources................................................................................... .............................. 15 Paraphrasing and Direct Quotes ........................................................................................ 15 Paraphrasing ............................................................................................... ........... 16 Block Quotes ............................................................................................... .......... 16 How Often to Cite Your Source in Each Paragraph ......................................................... 17 Rule for Omitting the Year of Publication ........................................................................ 17 Arranging the Order of Resources in Your Citations ....................................................... 17 Two Works by the Same Author in the Same Year .......................................................... 18 Two Works by Two Different Authors with the Same Last Name .................................. 18 Three or More Authors Cited In-Text ............................................................................... 18 Number of Authors in the Reference List ......................................................................... 19
Numbers ............................................................................................... ......................................... 19 Displaying Titles of Works in-Text .............................................................................................. 19 Primary Sources versus Secondary Sources ................................................................................. 20 Personal Communications ............................................................................................... ............. 20 Resources Canonically Numbered Sections (i.e., the Bible and Plays) ........................................ 21 Bible and other Classical Works ....................................................................................... 21 Plays ............................................................................................... ................................... 22 Lectures and PowerPoints ............................................................................................... .............. 22 Dictionary Entries ............................................................................................... .......................... 23 Changes in Reference Entries ............................................................................................... ........ 23
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 4 Electronic Sources ............................................................................................... ......................... 24 Adding Color ............................................................................................... ................................. 24 Self-Plagiarism ............................................................................................... ............................... 25 Final Formatting Tweaks ............................................................................................... ............... 26 Exhaustive Reference List Examples & Additional Helpful Resources ....................................... 26 Conclusion ............................................................................................ ... ..................................... 29 References ............................................................................................... ...................................... 30
Appendix ............................................................................................... ........................................ 40 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 5 Abstract Begin your abstract at the left margin. This is the only paragraph that should not be indented. Unless otherwise instructed, APA recommends an abstract be no more than 250 words. It should generally not contain any citations or direct quotes. This should be a tight, concise summary of the main points in your paper, not a step-by-step of what you plan to accomplish in your paper. Avoid phrases such as “this paper will,” and just structure your sentences to say what you want to say. The following three sentences exemplify a good abstract style: There are many
similarities and differences between the codes of ethics for the ACA and the AACC. Both include similar mandates in the areas of ----, ---, and ---. However, each differs significantly in the areas of ---, ---, and ---. For more detailed information, see “Writing an Abstract” at https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp- content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/ Writing_an_Abstract_Revised_2012.pdf (note that you would not include any links in your abstract). This is just now at 168 words, so eyeball how brief your abstract must be. Think of your paper as a movie you want to sound enticing, and the abstract as the summary of the plot you would share to draw people’s interest into wanting to come and see your movie. You want to really hook and intrigue them. What you have to say is important! Remember to stay under 250, words. Keywords highlight the search terms someone would use to find your paper in a database. Keywords: main words, primary, necessary, search terms https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp- content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Writing_an_Abstract_Revised _2012.pdf https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-
content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Writing_an_Abstract_Revised _2012.pdf SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 6 Sample APA Paper: Professional Format for Graduate/Doctoral Students The title of your paper goes on the top line of the first page of the body (American Psychological Association [APA], 2019, section 2.11). It should be centered, bolded, and in title case (all major words—usually those with four+ letters—should begin with a capital letter)—see p. 51 of your Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association: Seventh Edition (APA, 2019; hereinafter APA-7). It must match the title that is on your title page (see last line on p. 32). As shown in the previous sentence, use brackets to denote an abbreviation within parentheses (bottom of p. 159). Write out the full name of an entity or term the first time mentioned before using its acronym (see citation in first sentence in this paragraph), and then use
the acronym throughout the body of the paper (section 6.25). There are many changes in APA-7. One to mention here is that APA-7 allows writers to include subheadings within the introductory section (APA, 2019, p. 47). Since APA-7 now regards the title, abstract, and term “References” to all be Level-1 headings, a writer who opts to include headings in his or her introduction must begin with Level-2 headings as shown above (see section 2.27) for any divisions within the introductory section. If you do choose to include headings in your introduction section (which is optional), be sure to include two or more subheadings, since APA (2019) forbids stand-alone heading levels. A second notable change in APA-7 is that writers are no longer required to cite their source every single sentence that content from it is mentioned (section 8.1). As demonstrated in this paper, since all of the content (other than the examples included for illustration and reference-entry variation purposes) comes directly from the APA-7 itself, citations to the APA-7 are only included for the first instance in each paragraph. Section and/or
page numbers are included parenthetically throughout for the sake of students who desire to know exactly where the stated SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 7 rule appears in the APA-7 itself. In your academic papers, however, it is critical to include the required author(s) and year, as applicable, for all citations that are included; this may include more than one citation for each resource per paragraph, as required to avoid any confusion about the source of that content. Basic Rules of Scholarly Writing Most beginning students have difficulty learning how to write papers and also format papers correctly using the seventh edition of the APA manual. However, the Liberty University Online Writing Center’s (OWC) mission includes helping students learn how to be autonomous, proficient writers. The OWC also provides students with templates to help them with basic
formatting elements, but this sample paper is designed to help graduate and doctoral students learn to master APA rules and formatting on their own, which will prove helpful as they progress in their studies and work toward future publication in scholarly journals. For the purpose of instruction, this paper will use second person (you, your), but third person (this author) must be used in most student papers. First person (I, me, we, us, our) is not generally permitted in academic papers. Students should refrain from using first or second person in college courses (even though the APA manual encourages this in other writing venues) unless the assignment instructions clearly permit such (as in the case of personal reflection sections or life histories). If in doubt, students should clarify with their professors. APA-7 delineates separate rules and guidelines between “student” and “professional” writers (APA, 2019). Because a primary purpose of graduate and doctoral studies is to prepare those students to publish professionally, Liberty University has decided to have undergraduate
students follow APA-7’s guidelines for “student papers,” and graduate/doctoral students follow APA-7’s guidelines for “professional papers.” Separate templates are available for each level. SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 8 This sample paper illustrates and discusses the rules and formatting of professional papers, as required for all Liberty University graduate and doctoral courses using APA-7 style. Brief Summary of Changes in APA-7 Most of these changes will be discussed in more detail below; this is just a very brief overview here. APA-7 reverts back to only one space after closing punctuation in the body of the paper (APA-6 required two spaces; APA, 2019, section 6.1). Student (undergraduate) papers no longer include a running head or abstract (sections 2.2 and 2.8); professional (graduate/doctoral) papers require an abstract but the running head is now the same on all pages (the added phrase
“Running head:” from APA-6 has been eliminated; see section 2.8). Title pages are different for both student and professional formats. The title of a paper is no longer limited to 12 words (section 2.4). Citations of all resources with three or more authors now use the first author’s last name and the term et al. (APA, 2019, section 8.17). Reference entries must name up to the first 19 authors before adding an ampersand and ellipsis (up from APA- 6’s six authors; section 9.8). APA-7 omits the phrase DOI and instead standardizes DOIs to be presented in hyperlink format (i.e., https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1524838017742386; section 9.35). Formatting guidelines for annotated bibliographies are included in APA-7 (section 9.51), as well as expanded and standardized reference entry examples. As discussed above, it is no longer necessary to cite a source every single time you refer to content gleaned from it as long as it is clear the content comes from that source (section 8.1); APA-7 also expanded the specific location noted in the
citation to include page, paragraph, section (as used throughout this sample paper, to direct the student to the exact relevant content), chapter, timestamp, etc. (section 8.13). APA-7 allows for “self-plagiarism” (clarified and defined below). It also invites writers to SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 9 highlight the most relevant work first, rather than just present all works in alphabetical order (APA, 2019, section 8.12). Heading-level formatting has changed, and APA-7 provides more flexibility in font and line spacing (APA, 2019). The Bible must now be included in the reference list and its citations must include the editor’s details and year (section 8.28); there are also new rules for dictionary entries. Publisher city and state details are omitted from all reference entries except those involving presentations or conferences, as is the phrase “retrieved from.” Hyperlinks should be
live, but they may be either presented as blue underlining or plain black text. Running Head, Author Note, and Abstract APA (2019) delineates separate formatting requirements for what it terms “student” and “professional” papers. Its descriptions for those labels, however, suggests that it regards undergraduate-level writing to fall within the student purview, and graduate/doctoral-level writing (including dissertations and theses) to fall within the professional purview. Since a significant goal in graduate and post-graduate studies is preparing those students to publish in scholarly journals at and beyond graduation, it makes sense to train those students in the formatting that is required for professionals. As such, Liberty University has opted to require the APA-7’s “student” version format for all undergraduate assignments using APA, and its “professional” version for all graduate and doctoral assignments. To that end, this being the sample paper for professional formatting, it includes the additional elements required for such: a running head (same on all pages), an author’s note, and an
abstract. Graduate and doctoral students will use this format. Note that the first “paragraph” under the author’s note is generally only included if the author has an ORCID number, which most students will not have. However, it is included in this sample paper and the corresponding template because the purpose of these SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 10 resources is to prepare students to publish manuscripts post- graduation. The student’s full address, however, is intentionally omitted from the Liberty University template and this sample paper for privacy and safety reasons, since student papers are often unfortunately published online and disclosing their home addresses could pose safety risks. Basic Formatting Elements Font APA-7 does not prescribe a specific font or size (APA, 2019, section 2.19) but rather
allows for some choice (e.g., 12-point Times New Romans, 11- point Calibri, 11-point Arial, 11- point Georgia, or 10-point Lucinda Sans Unicode). Most journals and academic institutions will have a preference, however, as even APA-7 acknowledges on p. 44. For this reason—and because font size can easily be changed if an editor interested in publishing a student’s work prefers a different font—Liberty University recommends that students use 12-point Times New Romans or 11-point Calibri font for the body text in all academic papers. Data in charts, figures, and tables should be presented in 8- to 14-point size in either Calibri, Arial, or Lucinda Sans Unicode font. Students are not permitted to use any fonts such as script, calligraphy, poster, decorative, or others not found in published scholarly journals. Since APA-7 itself authorizes a variety of fonts and sizes, assignments will be gauged by word count rather than page count. Word count constitutes the number of words within the body of the paper, and excludes the title page, abstract, reference list, appendices, and other supplemental resources.
Line Spacing APA-7 adds extra/blank lines on the title page (APA, 2019, sections 2.5, 2.7, 2.21). It also specifies that spacing in tables and figures may be single-, 1- 1/2-, or double-spaced; equations can be triple- or quadruple-spaced. Footnotes, when used at the bottom of a page, should be SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 11 single-spaced (section 2.21). Spaces After Punctuation APA-7 reverts back to just one space after closing punctuation in the body of the paper, as well as in reference entries (APA, 2019, section 6.1). Ordinarily, it would be improper to have a paragraph with only one sentence, though APA itself asserts that for its purposes “sentences and paragraphs of any length are technically allowed.”1 Footnotes
This leads to another new rule in APA-7, one allowing the inclusion of footnotes (APA, 2019, section 2.13). Footnotes should be use very sparingly and are appropriate to include information such as that in the prior section to alert the reader to supplemental material that is available online for that thought. Though APA-7 authorizes placement of footnote content either at the bottom of the page (as in this sample paper) or on a separate page after the reference list (section 2.21), Liberty University recommends that student place them, when used, at the bottom of the page, as shown here. Heading Levels—Level 1 This sample paper uses primarily two levels of headings (Levels 1 and 2). APA style, however, has five heading levels, which will be demonstrated briefly for visual purposes. See section 2.27 of your APA-7 (APA, 2019) for more details on heading levels and formatting. In APA-7, all heading levels are now bolded and in title case (capitalize each major word—usually those with four or more letters, including hyphenated compound words). Do not capitalize
articles (a, an, the) in headings unless they begin a title or follow a colon. Level 1 headings are centered, with the content falling on the line beneath each, in standard paragraph format. 1 See https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/05/index.html https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/05/index.html SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 12 Many students misunderstand that you progress from Level 1 to Level 2 to Level 3 to Level 4 to Level 5, but that is not correct. In fact, your paper may have only Level 1 headings, or just Levels 1 and 2. The rule of thumb is that you must have at least two of each heading level that you use, otherwise omit that heading level. Headings are basically styling ways of organizing your paper, without using an outline format. APA specifies five levels of headings; you would likely never use Level 5 and only very rarely use Level 4 as a student. Think of each level as the
different levels in an outline. Roman numerals, for example, would be Level 1 headings. Capital letters would be Level 2 headings. Numerals would be Level 3 headings. Lowercase letters would be Level 4. And lowercase Roman numerals would be Level 5. You must always have two or more of each subheading, but you do not need every level. You start with Level 1 and work down from that (but not consecutive 1-2-3-4-5). Under a Level 1, you would either have two+ Level 2 headings or none at all (just one big section in paragraphs before the next Level 1 section). Special note about conclusion sections: Please note that some of the sample papers published by APA to demonstrate proper APA-7 format (including the “professional” sample on pp. 50-60 of the APA-7 manual) depict the “Conclusion” section with a Level-2 heading. This is limited to empirical papers that are being submitted for publication in scholarly journals, as those conclusions pertain to the “Discussion” sections in such papers and are not conclusions of the overall papers themselves. Conclusions in academic papers at
Liberty University will be Level 1 headings (including dissertations and theses, which are divided by chapters, unlike journal article manuscripts). Level 2 Heading Level 2 headings are left-justified (APA, 2019, p. 48). The supporting information is SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 13 posed in standard paragraph form beneath it. Never use only one of any level of heading. You must use two or more of any level you use, though not every paper will require more than one level. The heading levels are simply demonstrated here for visual purposes, but you would always have two or more of each under a larger heading, as shown throughout all the other sections of this sample paper. Level 3 Heading Level 3 headings are bolded, left-justified, and italicized; the
content falls on the line underneath, as with Levels 1 and 2. Level 4 Heading. Must be bolded and indented ½”. Add a period, one space, and begin your content on the same line as shown here. Level 5 Heading. Same as Level 4, but also italicized. Despite heavy writing experience, this author has never used Level 5 headings. Specific Elements of Academic Papers Tables of Contents and Outlines APA (2019) does not regulate every type of paper and some elements in various assignments are not addressed in the APA-7 manual, including outlines and tables of content. In those cases, follow your professor’s instructions and the grading rubric for the content and format of the outline or annotations, and use standard APA formatting for all other elements (such as running head, title page, body, reference list, 1" margins, double-spacing, permitted font, etc.). Note that most academic papers will not require a table of contents, nor would one be
appropriate. One was included in this paper simply for ease-of- access so students could go directly to the content they want to see. Generally speaking, no table of contents would be necessary for papers less than 20 pages of content, unless otherwise required by your professor. SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 14 That being said, when organizing outlines in APA format, set your headings up in the proper levels (making sure there are at least two subheadings under each level), and then use those to make the entries in the outline. As discussed above, Level 1 headings become uppercase Roman numerals (I, II, III), Level 2 headings become capital letters (A, B, C), Level 3 headings become numbers (1, 2, 3), Level 4 headings become lowercase letters (a, b, c), and Level 5 headings become lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii). Many courses now require “working outlines,” which are designed to have the bones and foundational framework of the paper in
place (such as title page, abstract, body with title, outline/heading divisions, supporting content with citations, and references), without the full “meat” that fills out and forms a completed paper. Annotated Bibliographies Many Liberty University courses also now require students to prepare and submit an annotated bibliography as a foundational step to building a research paper. There is significant merit in these assignments, as they teach students to critique the resources they have found and rationalize why each is relevant for their paper’s focus. APA (2019) includes a section on annotated bibliographies (9.51; see the example provided on p. 308). The appendix attached to this sample paper also includes a sample annotated bibliography. Appendices Appendices, if any, are attached after the reference list (APA, 2019, section 2.14). You must refer to them (i.e., “callout”) in the body of your paper so that your reader knows to look there (see the yellow-highlighted callouts to Table 1 on p. 54
and to Footnote 1 on p. 55 of your APA-7 for visuals on how this should appear in your paper). The word “Appendix” is singular; use it to refer to individual appendices. APA-7 regards it as a Level 1 heading so it should be bolded. I attached a sample Annotated Bibliography as a visual aid (see Appendix). You will see SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 15 that I included the title “Appendix” at the top of the page and formatted it in standard APA format beneath that. Because I only included one appendix, it is simply titled as such. If there are more appendices, assign a letter to each and denote each by that: “Appendix A” and “Appendix B.” Crediting Your Sources Paraphrasing and Direct Quotes Paraphrasing is rephrasing another’s idea in one’s own words by changing the wording
sufficiently without altering the meaning (remember not to just change a word here or there or rearrange the order of the original source’s wording). Quoting is using another’s exact words. Both need to be cited; failure to do so constitutes plagiarism. Include the author(s) and year for paraphrases, and the author(s), year, and page or paragraph number for direct quotes. APA-7 also expands this to include figure number, time stamp, etc.— whatever detail is necessary to get the reader directly to that content. Page numbers should be used for any printed material (books, articles, etc.), and paragraph numbers should be used in the absence of page numbers (online articles, webpages, etc.; see APA, 2019, section 8.13). Use p. for one page and pp. (not italicized in your paper) for more than one (section 8.25). Use para. for one paragraph and paras. (also not italicized in your paper) for two or more (section 8.28). For example: (Perigogn & Brazel, 2012, pp. 12–13) or (Liberty University, 2019, para. 8). Section 8.23 of the APA (2019) manual specifies that it is not necessary to include a page or paragraph number for paraphrases (just for
direct quotes), but writers may choose to do so to help their readers find that content in the cited resource. When naming authors in the text of the sentence itself (called a narrative citation), use the word “and” to connect them. For example, Perigogn and Brazel (2012) contemplated that . . . SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 16 Use an ampersand (&) in place of the word “and” in parenthetical citations and reference lists: (Perigogn & Brazel, 2012). Paraphrasing Only use quotes when the original text cannot be said as well in your own words or changing the original wording would change the author’s meaning. You cannot simply change one word and omit a second; if you paraphrase, the wording must be substantially different, but with the same meaning. Regardless, you would need to cite the resource you took that
information from. For example, Benoit et al. (2010) wrote that “although, a link between attachment and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms has been established, the mechanisms involved in this link have not yet been identified” (p. 101). A paraphrase for that quote might be: A link between dysfunctional attachment and the development of PTSD has been made, though there is insufficient data to determine exactly how this mechanism works (Benoit et al., 2010). Block Quotes Quotes that are 40 or more words must be blocked, with the left margin of the entire quote indented ½ inch. Maintain double-spacing of block quotes. APA prefers that you introduce quotes but note that the punctuation falls at the end of the direct quote, with the page number outside of that (which is contrary to punctuation for non- blocked quotes). For example, Alone (2008) claims:2 Half of a peanut butter sandwich contains as much bacteria as the wisp of the planet
Mars. Thus, practicality requires that Mrs. Spotiker nibble one bit at a time until she is assured that she will not perish from ingesting it too quickly. (p. 13) 2 Note that there are no quotation marks for block quotes, as shown in the example. SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 17 Usually quotes within quotes use single quotation marks; however, use double quotation marks for quotes within blocked quotes, since there are no other quotation marks involved. Also understand that direct quotes should be used sparingly in scholarly writing; paraphrasing is much preferred in APA format (APA, 2019, section 8.23), as it demonstrates that you read, understood, and assimilated other writers’ content into one cohesive whole. How Often to Cite Your Source in Each Paragraph As already mentioned above, APA’s (2019) new official rule is that you no longer must
cite your source every single time you refer to material you gleaned from it (section 8.1). It is now acceptable to cite your source the first time you refer to content from it in your paragraph, and then not again in that same paragraph unless your phrasing does not make the source of your content clear. This is demonstrated throughout this sample paper. Rule for Omitting the Year of Publication That being said, APA (2019) has clarified its special rule that excludes the year of publication in subsequent narrative in-text citations (when you name the authors in the text of the sentence itself), after the first narrative citation in each paragraph. It should continue to appear in all parenthetical citations (see section 8.16). For example, Alone (2008) portrays imagery of Mrs. Spotiker. This includes her devouring a peanut butter sandwich (Alone, 2008). Alone conveys this through the lens of astronomy. Note that the year of publication was omitted from the second narrative citation (underlined for visual purposes). Arranging the Order of Resources in Your Citations
If the material you cited was referred to in multiple resources, separate different sets of authors with semicolons, arranged in the order they appear (alphabetically by the first author’s last name) in the reference list (i.e., Carlisle, n.d.-a; Prayer, 2015) (APA, 2019, section 8.12). SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 18 APA-7 now invites writers to prioritize or highlight one or more sources as most prominent or relevant for that content by placing “those citations first within parentheses in alphabetical order and then insert[ing] a semicolon and a phrase, such as ‘see also,’ before the first of the remaining citations” (APA., 2019, p. 263)—i.e., (Cable, 2013; see also Avramova, 2019; De Vries et al., 2013; Fried & Polyakova, 2018). Periods are placed after the closing parenthesis, except with indented (blocked) quotes. Two Works by the Same Author in the Same Year
Authors with more than one work published in the same year are distinguished by lower- case letters after the years, beginning with a (APA, 2019, section 8.19). For example, Double (2008a) and Double (2008b) would refer to resources by the same author published in 2008. When a resource has no date, use the term n.d. followed by a dash and the lowercase letter (i.e., Carlisle, n.d.-a and Carlisle, n.d.-b; see APA, 2019, section 8.19). Two Works by Two Different Authors with the Same Last Name Citations in the body of the paper should include only the last names, unless you have two or more resources authored by individuals with the same last name in the same year (or are citing a personal communication). When there are two different authors with the same last name but different first names who published in the same year, include the first initials: Brown, J. (2009) and Brown, M. (2009) (APA, 2019, section 8.20). Three or More Authors Cited In-Text When referring to material that comes from three or more authors, APA-7 now requires
that all citations name just the first author’s last name followed by the words et al. (without italics) (APA, 2019, section 8.17). Et al. is a Latin abbreviation for et alii, meaning “and others,” which is why the word “al.” has a period, whereas “et” does not. Alone et al. (2011) stipulated SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 19 that peacocks strut. Every single time I refer to their material, I would apply APA-7’s rule: Alone et al. (2011) or (Alone et al., 2011). Since et al. denotes plural authors, the verb must be plural to match, too: Alone et al. (2011) are… This applies to all citations within the body of the paper with three or more authors. Number of Authors in the Reference List For resources with 20 or fewer authors in the reference list, write out all of the authors’ last names with first and middle initials, up to and including the 20th author (APA, 2019, section 9.8). APA-7 has a special rule for resources with 21 or more
authors: Write out the first 19 authors’ last names with initials, insert an ellipsis (…) in place of the ampersand (&), and finish it with the last name and initials of the last author. See example #4 provided on page 317 of your APA-7, as well as this paper’s reference list for visuals of these variances (Acborne et al. 2011; Kalnay et al., 1996). Numbers Numbers one through nine must be written out in word format (APA, 2019, section 6.33), with some exceptions (such as ages—see section 6.32). Numbers 10 and up must be written out in numerical format (section 6.32). Always write out in word format any number that begins a sentence (section 6.33). Displaying Titles of Works in-Text The names of journals, books, plays, and other long works, if mentioned in the body of the paper, are italicized in title case (APA, 2019, section 6.17). Titles of articles, lectures, poems, chapters, website articles, and songs should be in title case, encapsulated by quotation marks
(section 6.7). The year of publication should follow the author’s name, whether in narrative or parenthetical format: Perigogn and Brazel (2012) anticipated…, or (Perigogn & Brazel, 2012). SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 20 The page or paragraph number must follow after the direct quote. Second (2015) asserted that “paper planes can fly to the moon” (p. 13). You can restate that with a parenthetical citation as: “Paper planes can fly to the moon” (Second, 2015, p. 13). Second (2011) is another resource by the same author in a different year. Primary Sources versus Secondary Sources APA (2019) strongly advocates against using secondary sources; rather, it favors you finding and citing the original (primary) resource whenever possible (section 8.6). On the rare occasion that you do find it necessary to cite from a secondary source, both the primary (who
said it) and secondary (where the quote or idea was mentioned) sources should be included in the in-text citation information. If the year of publication is known for both resources, include both years in the citation (section 8.6). Only the secondary source should be listed in the reference section, however. Use “as cited in” (without the quotation marks) to indicate the secondary source. For example, James Morgan hinted that “goat milk makes the best ice cream” (as cited in Alone, 2008, p. 117). Morgan is the primary source (he said it) and Alone is the secondary source (he quoted what Morgan said). Only the secondary source is listed in the reference section (Alone, and not Morgan) because if readers want to confirm the quote, they know to go to page 117 of Alone’s book. Personal Communications APA (2019) rationalizes the exclusion of references for information obtained through personal communication (such as an interview, email, telephone call, postcard, text message, or letter) in the reference list because your readers will not be able to go directly to those sources
and verify the legitimacy of the material. Instead, these items are cited only in the body of the paper. You must include the individual’s first initial, his or her last name, the phrase “personal SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 21 communication” (without the quotation marks), and the full date of such communication (section 8.9). As with other citations, such citations may be either narrative or parenthetical. For example, L. Applebaum advised him to dip pretzel rolls in cheese fondue (personal communication, July 13, 2015). The alternative is that he was advised to dip pretzel rolls in cheese fondue (L. Applebaum, personal communication, July 13, 2015). Note that there is no entry for Applebaum in the reference list below. Resources Canonically Numbered Sections (i.e., the Bible and Plays) These resources should be cited in book format (APA, 2019, Section 9.42). The Bible and
other religious works are generally regarded as having no author; an annotated version would be treated as having an editor. Include republished dates as necessary. The OWC will publish a list of reference entries for various Bible versions on its APA Quick Guide webpage. Bible and other Classical Works Works such as the Bible, ancient Greek or Roman works, and other classical works like Shakespeare must be cited in the body of the paper (APA, 2019, section 8.28). APA-7 now also requires that they be included in the reference list, too (section 9.42), which is a significant change from APA-6. Republished dates are included as well (see section 9.41). As such, you would add a parenthetical phrase at the end of your reference entry with the original publication details; note that there should be no punctuation following such parenthetical content at the end of a reference entry (the reference entries depicting this in the reference list below are correctly punctuated). Citations for the Bible will include the Bible version’s name in
the author’s position (as an anonymous work), original and republished years, and then the book chapter/verse (spelled out) in place of the page number (i.e., King James Bible, 1769/2017, Genesis 3:8)—see sections https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/apa- guide/ SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 22 8.28 and 9.42. Note that APA (2019) requires book titles to be italicized in every venue, including citations and reference entries. Because Liberty University is a distinctly-Christian institution and many of its courses require biblical integration, most if not all of its students will cite the Bible in virtually every course. The examples provided on pp. 274 and 325 of APA-7 are: (note the italics in each) citation: King James Bible (1769/2017) Solomon 8:6)
Online. https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/ (Original work published 1769) Plays When citing plays, “cite the act, scene, and line(s), in a single string, separated by periods. For example, ‘1.3.36-37’ refers to Act 1 Scene 3, Lines 36-37” (APA, 2019, section 8.28; see also example #37 on p. 325). Lectures and PowerPoints APA (2019) has expanded and standardized its rules for citations and reference entries in an effort to best credit the original sources. It now includes rules for crediting content in course or seminar handouts, lecture notes, and PowerPoint presentations (see #102 on p. 347). When citing a PowerPoint presentation, include the slide number rather than the page number. For purposes of Liberty University course presentations and lectures (which are not readily available to the public), reference each as a video lecture with the URL (if available) for the presentation,
naming the presenter(s) in the author’s position. Include the course number, lecture title, and enough details for others to identify it within that course, in a sort of book format, naming Liberty University as publisher. Peters (2012) is an example of this in the reference list of this SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 23 paper. If the presenter for a Liberty University class lecture is not named, credit Liberty University as the author; see Liberty University (2020) in the reference list below as an example. Dictionary Entries In keeping with its efforts to standardize reference entries, APA (2019) now requires citation and referencing of word definitions from dictionaries to follow the same rules for chapters in an edited book (see #47 and #48 on p. 328; section 8.13). As such, you will now name either the individual, group, or corporate author of the dictionary in the author’s place (e.g.,
Merriam-Webster, n.d.). If you searched online, include the retrieval date and the URL to the exact webpage. If you used a hard copy book, include the publisher details. The in-text citation in the body of the paper would follow standard author/year format (e.g., Merriam-Webster, n.d.). Changes in Reference Entries There are a number of notable changes in APA-7 from past versions. For the most part, these simplify and unify the formats to be more consistent across the different resource venues. Some of these have already been discussed above (i.e., naming up to 19 authors’ names before adding an ellipsis, and crediting authors and editors of classical works and dictionaries). Other changes include italicizing names of webpages and website resources in the reference list (APA, 2019, section 6.22), as well as book titles even when named in the author’s position (such as King James Bible). The city and state locations of publishers are no longer required; only include those details “for works that are associated with a specific location, such as conference presentations” (p. 297, section 9.31). Issue numbers are
required for all journal articles that have such, regardless of what page number each issue begins with (section 9.25). If two or more publishers are listed on the copyright page, include all of them in the order listed, separated by semicolons (section 9.29). Omit the word Author in the publisher’s place when it is the same as SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 24 the author (section 9.24). Electronic Sources Note that since the APA 6th edition was published in 2010, great strides have been made in online and electronic resource accessibility, and APA’s position on electronic resources has shifted to embrace this. More and more resources are available electronically through the Internet. The advent of this increased availability has resulted in APA-7’s effort to standardize the formatting of resources, which in turn simplifies them to some extent. All reference entries
follow the same basic details: Author(s), year of publication, name of resource, and location details (i.e., either journal name/volume/issue/page numbers, or book publisher, or webpage). APA (2019) requires inclusion of a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) in the references whenever available (section 9.34); if not, then a webpage, if available. In keeping with its unification of resources, APA-7 now standardizes all DOIs and URLs to be presented in https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1524838017742386 format. The phrase “Retrieved from” is now excluded except when the content may have changed (such as dictionary entries, Twitter profiles, Facebook pages; see section 9.16). APA-7 requires all hyperlinks to be active (so your reader can click on one to go directly to that webpage), but they may appear as either blue-underlined text or simple black text (section 9.35). There should be no period after any URL. APA-7 no longer requires authors to break long URLs with soft returns (hold down the Shift key and press the Enter key) at forward slashes, periods, or underscores to avoid unsightly spacing gaps, but it may
be best to do so in academic papers. Adding Color Though APA (2019) authorizes writers to include the use of color in photographs and figures (section 7.26), Liberty University discourages this in academic papers. It risks becoming https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1524838017742386 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 25 distracting for both students in their quest to be creative, and professors in their quest to focus on academic content. Self-Plagiarism APA (2019) also invites writers to repurpose some of their work in future papers. Specifically, APA-7 states that: In specific circumstances, authors may wish to duplicate their previously used works without quotation marks or citation …, feeling that extensive self-referencing is
undesirable or awkward and that rewording may lead to inaccuracies. When the duplicated material is limited in scope, this approach is permissible. (p. 8.3) APA-7 adds “Do not use quotation marks or block quotation formatting around your own duplicated material” (p. 256). Liberty University, however, has stringent rules against self- plagiarism, as do many scholarly journals. Liberty University students receive grades for their class papers; those who have received feedback and a grade from a prior professor on a prior paper have an advantage over their classmates, both in having the benefit of that feedback/grade and in not having to write a whole paper from scratch during the subsequent class. Student papers are also submitted to SafeAssign to deter plagiarism. For these reasons, Liberty University expressly forbids students using significant portions of a prior paper in a subsequent course (either a retake of the same course or a new class altogether). It is conceivable that students who are building their
knowledge base in a subject matter—particularly at the graduate and post-graduate levels— would reasonably justify incorporating brief excerpts from past papers into current ones. In such case, Liberty University authorizes students to utilize APA-7’s disclosure (i.e., “I have previously discussed”), along with a citation to the prior class paper and a reference entry (i.e., Owen, 2012; SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 26 Yoo et al., 2016). Such self-references and re-use of content from prior papers should be used sparingly and disclosed fully in the current paper; that content should not constitute a significant portion of any academic assignment, however. Final Formatting Tweaks The templates provided by Liberty University are already formatted with proper spacing, margins, heading level structure, and hanging indents, as necessary. With the exceptions of the title page, figures, and equations, papers in APA format should
be double-spaced throughout, with no extra spacing between lines. Academic papers at Liberty University should also be in one of the accepted fonts throughout (recommended: Times New Romans, 12-point font). Sometimes when you format your paper or cut-and-paste material into it, things get skewed. One quick way to ensure that your paper appears correct in these regards is to do a final formatting tweak after you have completed your paper. Hold down the “Ctrl” button and press the “A” key, which selects and highlights all of the text in your paper. Then go to the Home tab in Microsoft Word and make sure that whichever acceptable font/size you choose to use is selected in the Font box. Next, click on the arrow at the bottom of the Paragraph tab. Set your spacing before and after paragraphs to “0 pt” and click the “double” line spacing. The extra spacing required on the title page is already programmed into the template and should not change even when you complete these actions. Exhaustive Reference List Examples & Additional Helpful Resources
The reference list at the end of this paper includes an example of a myriad of different sources and how each is formatted in proper APA-7 format. One example of each of the primary types of resources will be included in the reference list, as cited in the body of this paper. Remember that, for purposes of this paper only, many of the sources cited in the body of the SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 27 paper were provided for illustrative purposes only and thus are fictional, so you will not be able to locate them if you searched online. Nevertheless, in keeping with APA-7 style, all resources cited in the body of the paper are included in the reference list and vice versa (except for personal communications, per APA-7’s published exceptions). Be absolutely sure that every resource cited in the body of your paper is also included in your reference list (and vice versa), excepting only those resources with special rules, such as personal
communications and primary sources you could not access directly. The reference list in this paper is fairly comprehensive and will include a book by one author who also appears as one of many authors in another resource (Alone, 2008; Alone et al., 2011); chapters in edited books (Balsam et al., 2019; Haybron, 2008; Perigogn & Brazel, 2012; Weinstock et al., 2003); electronic version of book (Strong & Uhrbrock, 1923); electronic only book (O’Keefe, n.d.); edited books with and without DOIs, with multiple publishers (Hacker Hughes, 2017; Schmid, 2017); work in an anthology (Lewin, 1999); journal articles (Andrews, 2016; Carlisle, n.d.-a, n.d.-b; De Vries R. et al., 2013; McCauley & Christiansen, 2019); newspaper article (Goldman, 2018; Guarino, 2017); online webpages (Liberty University, 2019; Prayer, 2015); resource with corporate author as publisher (American Psychological Association, 2019); resources by two authors with the same last name but different first names in the same year of publication (Brown, J., 2009; Brown, M., 2009); two resources by same author in the
same year (Double, 2008a, 2008b; Carlisle, n.d.-a, n.d.-b); two resources by the same author in different years (Second, 2011, 2015); resource with 20 authors (maximum allowed by APA-7 before special rule applies) (Acborne et al., 2011); resource with 21 or more authors (Kalnay et al., 1996); dictionary entries (American Psychological Association, n.d.; Graham, 2019; Merriam-Webster, n.d.); Liberty University class lecture using course details (Peters, 2012); SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 28 PowerPoint slides or lecture notes, not including course details (Canan & Vasilev, 2019); citing a student’s paper submitted in a prior class, in order to avoid self- plagiarism (Owen, 2012); unpublished manuscript with a university cited (Yoo et al., 2016); code of ethics (American Counseling Association, 2014); diagnostic manual (American Psychiatric Association, 2013); religious and classical works, including the Bible (Aristotle,
350 BC/1994; King James Bible, 1769/2017; Shakespeare, 1623/1995); dissertation or thesis (Hollander, 2017; Hutcheson, 2012); review of a book (Schatz, 2000); video (Forman, 1975); podcast (Vedentam, 2015); recorded webinar (Goldberg, 2018); YouTube or other streaming video (University of Oxford, 2018); clip art or stock image (GDJ, 2018); map (Cable, 2013); photograph (McCurry, 1985); data set (Pew Research Center, 2018); measurement instrument (Friedlander et al., 2002); manual for a test, scale, or inventory (Tellegen & Ben-Porah, 2011); test, scale, or inventory itself (Project Implicit, n.d.); report by a government agency or other organization (National Cancer Institute, 2018); report by individual authors at a government agency or other organization (Fried & Polyakova, 2018); annual report (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2017); conference session (Fistek et al., 2017); and webpages (Avramova, 2019; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018; National Nurses United, n.d.; U.S. Census Bureau, n.d.). Lastly, below are a few webpages that address critical topics,
such as how to avoid plagiarism and how to write a research paper. Be sure to check out Liberty University’s Online Writing Center (https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/writing- center/) for more tips and tools, as well as its Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/groups/LUOWritingCenter). Remember that these links are only provided for your easy access and reference throughout this sample paper, but web links and URLs should never be included in the body of scholarly papers; just in the reference list. Writing a research paper (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaa-PTexW2E https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/writing-center/ https://www.facebook.com/groups/LUOWritingCenter https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaa-PTexW2E%20 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 29 or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNT6w8t3zDY and avoiding plagiarism (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeCrUINa6nU).
Conclusion The conclusion to your paper should provide your readers with a concise summary of the main points of your paper (though not via cut-and-pasted sentences used above). It is a very important element, as it frames your whole ideology and gives your readers their last impression of your thoughts. Be careful not to introduce new content in your conclusion. After your conclusion, if you are not using the template provided by the Online Writing Center, insert a page break at the end of the paper so that the reference list begins at the top of a new page. Do this by holding down the “Ctrl” key and then clicking the “Enter” key. You will go to an entirely new page in order to start the reference list. The word “References” (not in quotation marks) should be centered and bolded. Items in the reference list are presented alphabetically by the first author’s last name and are formatted with hanging indents (the second+ lines of each entry are indented 1/2” from the left margin). APA authorizes the use of singular “Reference” if you only have one resource.3 Students
would, of course, NOT include any color-coding or footnotes in their reference entries. However, for the sake of clarity and ease in identifying what each entry represents, each one included in the reference list of this sample paper is color-coordinated to its corresponding footnote, with a brief description of what each depicts. 3 https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/creating-reference- list.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNT6w8t3zDY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeCrUINa6nU https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/creating-reference- list.pdf SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 30 References Acborne, A., Finley, I., Eigen, K., Ballou, P., Gould, M. C., Blight, D., Callum, M., Feist, M., Carroll, J. E., Drought, J., Kinney, P., Owen, C., Owen, K., Price, K., Harlow, K., Edwards, K., Fallow, P., Pinkley, O., Finkel, F., & Gould, P. P.
(2011). The emphasis of the day after tomorrow. Strouthworks. 4 Alone, A. (2008). This author wrote a book by himself. Herald Publishers. 5 Alone, A., Other, B., & Other, C. (2011). He wrote a book with others, too: Arrange alphabetically with the sole author first, then the others. Herald Publishers. 6 American Counseling Association. (2014). 2014 ACA code of ethics. https://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center 7 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://www.doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 8 American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Positive transference. In APA dictionary of psychology. Retrieved August 31, 2019, from https://dictionary.apa.org/positive- transference 9 American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). 10
4 Resource with 20 authors (maximum allowed by APA before special rule applies). 5 Entry by author who also appears as one of many authors in another resource (single author appears first in list). 6 Multiple authors appear after same single-author resource. 7 Code of ethics. 8 Diagnostic manual. 9 Entry in a dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia, with group author. 10 Resource with corporate author as publisher. https://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center https://www.doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 https://dictionary.apa.org/positive-transference https://dictionary.apa.org/positive-transference SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 31 Andrews, P. M. (2016). Congruence matters. Educational Leadership, 63(6), 12-15. 11 Aristotle. (1994). Poetics (S. H. Butcher, Trans.). The internet Classics Archive.
http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/poetics.html (Original work published ca. 350 B.C.E.) 12 Avramova, N. (2019, January 3). The secret to a long, happy, heathy life? Think age-positive. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward- elderly-leads-to-long-life- intl/index.html 13 Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones, K. P., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In G. Y. Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavior therapy: Practice a supervision (2nd ed., pp. 287-314). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012 14 Benoit, M., Bouthillier, D., Moss, E., Rousseau, C., & Brunet, A. (2010). Emotion regulation strategies as mediators of the association between level of attachment security and PTSD symptoms following trauma in adulthood. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 23(1), 101-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615800802638279
Brown, J. (2009). Ardent anteaters. Brockton. Brown, M. (2009). Capricious as a verb. Journal of Grammatical Elements, 28(6), 11-12. 15 11 Journal article without DOI, from most academic research databases or print version. 12 Ancient Greek or Roman work. 13 Webpage on a news website. 14 Chapter in an edited book with DOI. 15 Resources by two authors with the same last name but different first names in the same year of publication. Arrange alphabetically by the first initials. http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/poetics.html https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward-elderly- leads-to-long-life-intl/index.html https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward-elderly- leads-to-long-life-intl/index.html https://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615800802638279 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 32 Cable, D. (2013). The racial dot map [Map]. University of Virginia, Weldon Cooper Center for
Public Service. https://demographics.coopercenter.org/Racial- Dot-Map 16 Canan, E., & Vasilev, J. (2019, May 22). [Lecture notes on resource allocation]. Department of Management Control and Information Systems, University of Chile. https:// uchilefau. academia.edu/ElseZCanan 17 Carlisle, M. A. (n.d.-a). Erin and the perfect pitch. Journal of Music, 21(3), 16-17. http:// make- sure-it-goes-to-the-exact-webpage-of-the-source-otherwise- don’t-include 18 Carlisle, M. A. (n.d.-b). Perfect pitch makes sweet music. Journal of Music, 24(8), 3-6. http:// make-sure-it-goes-to-the-exact-webpage-of-the-source- otherwise-don’t-include Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of developing flu-related complications. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm 19 De Vries R., Nieuwenhuijze, M., Buitendijk, S. E., & the members of Midwifery Science Work Group. (2013). What does it take to have a strong and independent profession of
midwifery? Lessons from the Netherlands. Midwifery, 29(10), 1122-1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.007 20 Double, C. (2008a). This is arranged alphabetically by the name of the title. Peters. Double, C. (2008b). This is the second (“the” comes after “arranged”). Peters. 21 16 Map. 17 PowerPoint slides or lecture notes. 18 Online journal article with a URL and no DOI; also depicts one of two resources by the same author with no known publication date. 19 Webpage on a website with a group author. 20 Journal article with a DOI, combination of individual and group authors. 21 Two resources by same author in the same year. Arrange alphabetically by the title and then add lowercase letters (a and b, respectively here) to the year. https://demographics.coopercenter.org/Racial-Dot-Map https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.007
SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 33 Fistek, A., Jester, E., & Sonnenberg, K. (2017, July 12-15). Everybody’s got a little music in them: Using music therapy to connect, engage, and motivate [Conference session]. Autism Society National Conference, Milwaukee, WI, United States. https://asa.confex.com/asa/2017/webprogramarchives/Session95 17.html 22 Forman, M. (Director). (1975). One flew over the cuckoo’s nest [Film]. United Artists. 23 Fried, D., & Polyakova, A. (2018). Democratic defense against disinformation. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research- reports/report/democratic-defense- against-disinformation/ 24 Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., & Heatherton, L. (2002). E- SOFTA: System for observing family therapy alliances [Software and training videos] [Unpublished instrument]. http://www.softa-soatif.com/ 25 GDJ. (2018). Neural network deep learning prismatic [Clip art].
Openclipart. https://openclipart.org/detail/309343/neural-network-deep- learning-prismatic 26 Goldberg, J. F. (2018). Evaluating adverse drug effects [Webinar]. American Psychiatric Association. https://education.psychiatry.org/Users/ProductDetails.aspx? ActivityID=6172 27 Goldman, C. (2018, November 28). The complicate calibration of love, especially in adoption. 22 Conference session. 23 Video. 24 Report by individual authors at a government agency or other organization. 25 Measurement instrument. 26 Clip art or stock image. 27 Webinar, recorded. https://asa.confex.com/asa/2017/webprogramarchives/Session95 17.html https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research- reports/report/democratic-defense-against-disinformation/ https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research- reports/report/democratic-defense-against-disinformation/
http://www.softa-soatif.com/ https://openclipart.org/detail/309343/neural-network-deep- learning-prismatic https://education.psychiatry.org/Users/ProductDetails.aspx?Acti vityID=6172 https://education.psychiatry.org/Users/ProductDetails.aspx?Acti vityID=6172 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 34 Chicago Tribune. 28 Graham, G. (2019). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2019 ed.). Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/behaviorism 29 Guarino, B. (2017, December 4). How will humanity react to alien life? Psychologists have some predictions. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of- science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life- psychologists-have-some- predictions/ 30 Hacker Hughes, J. (Eds.). (2017). Military veteran psychological health and social care:
Contemporary approaches. Routledge. 31 Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of subjective well-being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 17-43). Guilford Press. 32 Hollander, M. M. (2017). Resistance to authority: Methodological innovations and new lessons from the Milgram experiment (Publication No. 10289373) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. 33 Hutcheson, V. H. (2012). Dealing with dual differences: Social coping strategies of gifted and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer adolescents [Master’s thesis, The College 28 Newspaper article without DOI, from most academic research databases or print version 29 Entry in a dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia, with individual author. 30 Online newspaper article. 31 Edited book without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version.
32 Book chapter, print version. 33 Doctoral dissertation, from an institutional database. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/behaviorism https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of- science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life- psychologists-have-some-predictions/ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of- science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life- psychologists-have-some-predictions/ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of- science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life- psychologists-have-some-predictions/ SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 35 of William & Mary]. William & Mary Digital Archive. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539272210/ 34 Kalnay, E., Kanimitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Whollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., … Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the
American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437-471. http://doi.org/ fg6rf9 35 King James Bible. (2017). King James Bible Online. https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/ (Original work published 1769) 36 Lewin, K. (1999). Group decision and social change. In M. Gold (Ed.), The complex social scientist: A Kurt Lewin reader (pp. 265-284). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10319-010 (Original work published 1948) 37 Liberty University. (2019). The online writing center. https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/ writing-center/ 38 Liberty University. (2020). BIOL 102: Human biology. Week one, lecture two: Name of class lecture. https://learn.liberty.edu 39 34 Thesis or dissertation, from the web (not in a database). 35 Resource with 21 or more authors. Note the ellipse (…) in place of the ampersand (&). 36 Religious work.
37 Work in an anthology. 38 Online webpage with URL. 39 Liberty University class lecture with no presenter named. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539272210/ http://doi.org/%20fg6rf9 https://doi.org/10.1037/10319-010 https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/%20writing-center/ https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/%20writing-center/ https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A %2F%2Flearn.liberty.edu%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ccmowen2%4 0liberty.edu%7Cb709d48eab614c47330308d7f67e8f9c%7Cbaf8 218eb3024465a9934a39c97251b2%7C0%7C0%7C63724889575 8832975&sdata=2kfyvpGtDiu0nVnT%2Fy0%2BUXZcfAi%2FB AadIm9QwtjT0g8%3D&reserved=0 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 36 McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross- linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126 40 McCurry, S. (1985). Afghan girl [Photograph]. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/national- geographic-magazine-50-years-
of-covers/#/ngm-1985-jun-714.jpg 41 Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Heuristic. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved 01/02/2020, from http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic 42 National Cancer Institute. (2018). Facing forward: Life after cancer treatment (NIH Publication No. 18-2424). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient- education/life-after-treatment.pdf 43 National Nurses United. (n.d.). What employers should do to protect nurses from Zika. https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/pages/what-employers- should-do-to-protect-rns- from-zika 44 O’Keefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism & the crisis in Western values. http:// www. onlineoriginals.com/ showitem.asp?itemID-135 45 40 Typical journal article with doi. 41 Photograph. 42 Dictionary entry.
43 Report by a government agency or other organization. 44 Webpage on a website with no date. 45 Electronic only book. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126 https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/national- geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers/#/ngm-1985-jun- 714.jpg https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/national- geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers/#/ngm-1985-jun- 714.jpg http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/life- after-treatment.pdf https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/pages/what-employers- should-do-to-protect-rns-from-zika https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/pages/what-employers- should-do-to-protect-rns-from-zika SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 37 Owen, C. (2012, Spring). Behavioral issues resulting from attachment have spiritual implications [Unpublished manuscript]. COUN502, Liberty University. 46 Perigogn, A. U., & Brazel, P. L. (2012). Captain of the ship. In J. L. Auger (Ed.) Wake up in the
dark (pp. 108-121). Shawshank Publications. 47 Peters, C. (2012). COUN 506: Integration of spirituality and counseling. Week one, lecture two: Defining integration: Key concepts. Liberty University. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/defining-integration-key- concepts/id427907777?i=1000092371727 48 Pew Research Center. (2018). American trend panel Wave 26 [Data set]. https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/dataset/american-trends-panel- wave-26 49 Prayer. (2015). http:// www exact-webpage 50 Project Implicit. (n.d.). Gender–Science IAT. https://implicit.harvard.edu/implici/taketest.html 51 Schatz, B. R. (2000, November 17). Learning by text or context? [Review of the book The social life of information, by J. S. Brown & P. Duguid]. Science, 290, 1304. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5495.1304 52 Schmid, H.-J. (Ed.). (2017). Entrenchment and the psychology of language learning: How we reorganize ad adapt linguistic knowledge. American Psychological Association; De
46 Citing a student’s paper submitted in a prior class, in order to avoid self-plagiarism. 47 Chapter from an edited book. 48 Liberty University class lecture using course details. 49 Data set. 50 Online resource with no named author. Title of webpage is in the author’s place. 51 Test, scale, or inventory itself. 52 Review of a book. https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/dataset/american-trends-panel- wave-26 https://implicit.harvard.edu/implici/taketest.html https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5495.1304 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 38 Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1037/15969-000 53 Second, M. P. (2011). Same author arranged by date (earlier first). Journal Name, 8, 12-13. Second, M. P. (2015). Remember that earlier date goes first. Journal Name, 11(1), 18. 54 Shakespeare, W. (1995). Much ado about nothing (B. A. Mowat
& P. Werstine, Eds.). Washington Square Press. (Original work published 1623) 55 Strong, E. K., Jr., & Uhrbrock, R. S. (1923). Bibliography on job analysis. In L. Outhwaite (Series Ed.), Personnel research series: Vol. 1, Job analysis and the curriculum (pp. 140- 146). https://doi.org/10.1037/10762-000 56 Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porah, Y. S. (2011). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MPI-2-RF): Technical manual. Pearson. 57 U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. and world population clock. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved July 3, 2019, from https://www.census.gov/popclock 58 U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2017). Agency financial report: Fiscal year 2017. https://www.sec.gov/files/sec-2017-agency-financial-report.pdf 59 University of Oxford. (2018, December 6). How do geckos walk on water? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qm1xGfOZJc8 60 53 Edited book with a DOI, with multiple publishers.
54 Two resources by the same author, in different years. Arrange by the earlier year first. 55 Shakespeare. 56 Electronic version of book chapter in a volume in a series 57 Manual for a test, scale, or inventory. 58 Webpage on a website with a retrieval date. 59 Annual report. 60 YouTube or other streaming video. https://doi.org/10.1037/15969-000 https://doi.org/10.1037/10762-000 https://www.census.gov/popclock https://www.sec.gov/files/sec-2017-agency-financial-report.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qm1xGfOZJc8 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 39 Vedentam, S. (Host). (2015-present). Hidden brain [Audio podcast]. NPR. https://www.npr.org/ series/423302056/hidden-brain 61 Weinstock, R., Leong, G. B., & Silva, J. A. (2003). Defining forensic psychiatry: Roles and responsibilities. In R. Rosner (Ed.), Principles and practice of
forensic psychiatry (2nd ed., pp. 7-13). CRC Press. 62 Yoo, J., Miyamoto, Y., Rigotti, A., & Ryff, C. (2016). Linking positive affect to blood lipids: A cultural perspective [Unpublished manuscript]. Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison. 63 61 Podcast. 62 Chapter in an edited book without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version. 63 Unpublished manuscript with a university cited. https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 40 Appendix Annotated Bibliography Cross, D. & Purvis, K. (2008). Is maternal deprivation the root
of all evil? Avances en Psycologia Latinoamericana, 26(1), 66-81. Weaving spiritual applications throughout the article, the authors incorporate a plethora of references to substantiate that maltreatment has a direct connection to attachment disorders. They provide articulate and heavily-supported reasoning, detailing the specific causes of maternal deprivation individually and then incorporating them in a broader sense to answer the article’s title in the affirmative. Feldman, R. (2007), Mother-infant synchrony and the development of moral orientation in childhood and adolescence: Direct and indirect mechanisms of developmental continuity. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77(4), 582-597. This longitudinal study tracked 31 Israeli children from ages 3 months to 13 years (infancy to adolescence). There were direct parallels noted between increased attachment/coherence and the child’s moral cognition, empathy development, and verbal IQ. Toddlers who were able to regulate their own behavior later
proved to excel in lead- lag structures and language skills. image4.png image5.emf Microsoft_Word_Document1.docx CONTINUES BELOW image1.png image2.png image3.png image4.png image5.png image6.emf Microsoft_Word_Document2.docx
image5.png image6.png image7.png image8.png image9.png image10.png image11.png image12.png image13.png image14.png image15.png image16.png image1.png image2.png image3.png image4.png image7.png image8.png image9.png image10.png image11.emf
Microsoft_Word_Document3.docx CONSULTING PROPOSAL #1 2 CONSULTING PROPOSAL #1 2 Consulting Proposal #1 John Doe School Date Consulting Proposal #1 The company is in charge of making the C-17 airplanes. The company’s project is to improve the mindset of the employees to promote positive organizational change and ensure high- quality standards in the production of the C-17 aircraft (Liberty University, 2021). Under the old leadership, the company adhered to specific protocols for producing and constructing the C-17 aircraft. Production was driven by a schedule that defined the time activities in one position would take place. The assembling process for the airplane was conducted at different locations, with each site taking charge of specific parts of the aircraft. Once the time elapsed, the plane would move to the next position even when not all assembling operations were complete. This affected the quality of the airplanes due to a lack of thoroughness. All errors would be fixed in the last stages, meaning the aircraft would be taken apart at the previous
location to improve stages and ensure that parts that had been incomplete at the initial stages were assembled. The teams accepted the process as a norm even though it affected the quality of the airplane. The project aimed to change the standard by influencing how activities were done during the assembling process to improve the quality of the aircraft. Under the leadership of Koz, the project aimed to ensure that every process was completed at each stage to avoid taking the airplane apart at the final stages since this interfered with the quality. Koz achieved this by ensuring no aircraft moved to the following location while incomplete. This encouraged employees to take charge of manufacturing and production to eliminate production delays and assemble all parts at each stage. Diagnosis of Current Situation Currently, the situation at the company is that the employees are unsure about the changes introduced by Koz. The employees are uncertain about ensuring the quality of the C-17 aircraft or keeping up with the production timelines (Liberty University, 2021). They have doubts about the effectiveness of the decision by Koz to prevent a plane from moving from one location to another until all activities to be completed in that location are done. These doubts occur from the norms the teams have embraced from past operations since they perceive the challenges associated with delays as normal and inevitable. They accepted that it would be impossible for all parts needed at each location on time based on experiences under old operations in the company. This attitude by the employees in the past contributed to delays and compromised the quality of the C-17 aircraft. The leaders in charge of the projects failed to take control of all activities to eliminate delays and ensure the quality of the final aircraft produced. On arrival, Koz identified the lack of leadership and immediately set up new policies and practices to eliminate the company's problems in production. His strategy helped to improve bad attitudes among the teams as it pushed them towards working to achieve goals and targets.
This helped to improve the quality of aircraft while also ensuring that the projects were completed in time . Recommendations The major problem affecting operations in the project occurred from a lack of proper planning. The project lacked the leadership to ensure smooth operations throughout the various assembly locations for the different parts of the aircraft (Liberty University, 2021). This lack of oversight can reduce advice- giving, explanation, and prediction (Alvesson, 2020). Proper planning is critical to achieving set goals for project completion. Proper planning also helps to save time and ensure high-quality standards are maintained throughout the various stages of the project. The project presented a lag in the availability of materials needed to complete each step. Planning helps ensure that all required materials at every stage are available since it ensures that the teams work collaboratively with suppliers at all stages to ensure that all materials needed arrive in time to facilitate each stage of aircraft assembly (Nave et al., 2020). Proper planning will also allow the new leader in charge of the project to work collaboratively with the team and reduce pressure at work. Planning would also enable the leader to have a good team available at every stage to maintain high- quality production standards while completing tasks within the set timeframes to avoid delays. With this, competitiveness and sustainability should also increase for the organization (Moro et al., 2021). Implementation Plan The most effective implementation plan for the company involves the new leader monitoring all project activities to ensure all operations run smoothly (Liberty University, 2021). The leader must also supervise the teams and the suppliers by conducting regular follow up to ensure that all activities designed for all assembly locations also run smoothly. The leader must also involve the teams by conducting regular meetings to brainstorm ideas and find the most suitable
solutions for any problems. The leader’s involvement in all stages of the project ensures that the project maintains the highest quality standards of production. Lastly, the implementation plan should allow the leader to work with qualified teams and suppliers to ensure that the assembling process runs smoothly. Working with suppliers also ensures that the company outsources materials of high-quality standards to be used in the project. Proper planning can also help reduce work hazards, therefore, creating a safer environment for the employees (Schopf et al, 2021). Summary The company produces C-17 aircraft, which are large. Its production process involves assembling different plane parts at various locations in a sequence (Liberty University, 2021). Once one piece is assembled, it is transferred to another area, for another part of the aircraft is assembled until all parts are assembled. A C-17 aircraft project involves a large team in charge of the different sections. In its early stages, the project faced significant problems producing the C-17 aircraft due to several management and production protocols. The project faced significant delays, which interfered with the systematic approach to assembling the various parts according to the designed sequence. These delays interfered with the quality standards of manufacturing, as the aircraft had to be reassembled during the final stages to accommodate the steps that had been missed due to delayed materials. The company accepted these protocols as guidelines for their operations despite the problems they caused and worked around the delays in delivering some parts needed at each stage. The lack of an effective leader also affected operations in the project as the teams lacked proper guidelines to ensure efficiency in all activities. Under the new leadership of Koz, the new leader established the problems that affected the project's operations. Kaz set out new policies that defined that an aircraft should not move from one location to another if all parts that had to be assembled at that location were not completed. This stirred
mixed reactions from the teams as they questioned the effectiveness of his decision. However, the move helped to improve operations as the teams started working towards not being the cause of delays in the assembly of the parts. Suppliers began bringing in the parts in time to avoid being blamed as the teams worked within the timeframe to ensure that every piece was assembled effectively at the various locations within the given periods. This helped to improve the quality of the aircraft while also reducing the delays in the projects as the teams coordinated to achieve the project's objectives. The procurement teams also began coming out with new ideas to ensure the quality of the C-17 aircraft was maintained. The quality of the aircraft improved, and the problems of production delays were eliminated. References Alvesson, M. (2020). Upbeat leadership: A recipe for – or against – “successful” leadership studies. The Leadership Quarterly. 31(6). 1048-9843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101439 Liberty University (2021). Leading organizational change. McGraw Hill. https://libertycanvas.mhcampus.com/Pages/MyClasses.aspx?sso =1&ActivityId=Req04d04ij02n07majzgvlynth
Nave, J., Knapp, C. N., & McNeeley, S. (2020). Planning for change? Assessing the integration of climate change and land- based livelihoods in Colorado BLM planning documents. Regional Environmental Change, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01590-0 Moro, R., Cauchick-Miguel, P.& Campos L. (2021). Product- service systems towards eco-effective production patterns: A Lean-Green design approach from a literature review, Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 32(10), 1046-1064. DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2019.1655398 Schopf, A., Stouten, J., Schaufeli, W. (2021). The role of leadership in air traffic safety employees’ safety behavior, Safety Science, Volume 35, 0925- 7535,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105118 , image12.emf Microsoft_Word_Document4.docx 1 CHANGE AGENT “IN WAITING” PROPOSAL Change Agent “In Waiting” Proposal John Doe School class
date Change Agent “In Waiting” Proposal Definition of Project Tan has been Singapore's Housing Development Board's associate for the last nineteen years (Liberty University, 2021). She worked her way to the top management and back office in charge of property and estate administration. Her government- owned agency sent her to a transitioning role for training as a change agent. Because the organization belongs to the government, it has gotten its funding from the public since its establishment in 1960. Between 2003 and 2007, the organization implemented substantial changes, including changing the CEO, retrenching and disengaging some employees, and developing new systems as needed. Despite these changes, the agency continues to face significant deficiencies regarding customers' expectations and less effective internal measures. As a result, the agency changed to incorporate a private firm within the change agent department, where Tan is. In today's customer environment, Tan is supposed to address department development issues, deliver cheap options, well-designed houses, and integrate interior customs. The proposal will assist Tan in the change management process and assess critical attributes of her role. Diagnosis of the Current Situation The newest change by the management attracted public attention to the need for scrutiny. Further, it countered the organization's factors, internally and externally, to ensure it becomes a relentless developer in housing for customers (Liberty
University, 2021). The new mission and changes wish to improve customer service and expand the organization's market size to reach as many customers as possible. In improving services and streamlining systems, the company should incorporate private firms and ensure the adopted change yields positive outcomes according to the investment level. The desire for change and a sense of urgency are critical starting points for change implementation in any organization (Galli, 2018). The current situation requires customer service improvement through public service expansion and ensuring social satisfaction because when not addressed, it leads to private and public organization outcry and some other undesirable outcomes. Incorporating a private firm raises issues with consumers as they see it as a change indicating expensive customer service despite the adverse economic effects and inability to get such services elsewhere. The authority incorporation of the private developer will offer substantial benefits while ensuring quality service provision, increased efficiency, and innovation (Liberty University, 2021). Government has the responsibility for encouraging and ensuring innovation for better efficiency in resource allocation. This would assist in addressing societal challenges resulting from economic and social disparities. As observed by Tan, the current mission of the organization is absolute and links it with ineffective procedures, heft workloads, poor policies, inadequate training, and customer dissatisfaction. Recommendations . In any organization, change is inevitable; therefore, it needs to be a continuous process for the organization to achieve its goals (Wee & Taylor, 2018). Tan should develop a new mission statement to help management align with its general vision. A proactive plan will ensure the organization has continuous short-term goals for the clients, eventually alleviating future issues. Organizations should consider bold changes to integrate foresight and preparation while recognizing that ineffective change can present substantial risks, including complacency and
stagnation. Another important recommendation is that Tan incorporate strategic staffing and a proactive synergized team in the department. A synergized and strategic team is better placed to implement the change intervention and streamline existing processes and systems, leading to reduced workload. With the right mentality, the proactive synergized team can help streamline the ineffective processes as it tries to achieve the new organization's mission. This team can guarantee flexibility, which meets the set deadlines through knowledge of the department's new and existing services and products, despite the tight schedule and increased workloads. Notably, an organizational behavior plan aimed at concentrating on customers should be considered. Improving organizational behavior can provide long-term sustainability of the change while ensuring stakeholders keep getting continuous value. Employee mindset should be changed at the various levels in the organization to achieve the desired goals of benefiting the public Implementation Plan When developing the new vision and mission for the organization, the frontline associates need to be incorporated grounded on their passion while facilitating face-to-face interactions to evaluate and share concerns and why it can help to develop a sound mission and vision. This includes incorporating different department stakeholders who are interested in better services. Some interested stakeholders include supervisors, who play a critical role in implementing change initiatives to address organizational problems. Streamlining staffing and other organizational systems can make a big difference for the organization in achieving its goals. Workloads should incorporate an agile team that allows both external and internal associated with attaining long-run objectives. This will save time, as the team would be able to meet deadlines and provide customers with cheaper options and efficient resource allocation and usage. A synergized and
strategic team should be established with acknowledgment of alertness and mood set by the agent to ensure the right people are in the group. Organizations' behavior would be better integrated by implementing public outreach programs like PERKS and MAGIC. Tan can involve a manager and other employees who are well conversant with the organization's systems and processes, not forgetting the existing mission and its implications. Ensuring online customer participation through online platforms and allowing house application via programs that enlighten customers, leading to honest and informed feedback from clients (Bilro et al., 2019). Summary The solution aims to solve customer issues through enhanced service and products to meet customers' needs better. The organization has implemented substantial changes, including changing the CEO, retrenching and disengaging some employees, and developing new systems as needed (Liberty University, 2021). Despite these changes, the agency continues to face significant deficiencies regarding customers' expectations and less effective internal measures. Tan should develop a new mission statement to help management align with its general vision. In addition, Tan should incorporate strategic staffing and a proactive synergized team in the department. A synergized and strategic team is better placed to implement the change intervention and streamline the existing processes and systems, leading to reduced workload (Klofsten et al., 2019). Tan has an extensive understanding of the organization and shows great rationale and knowledge of her initiative; Government agencies are responsible for improving society and addressing all the relevant needs as efficiently as possible while upholding and complying with different regulations and rules. Tan strongly desires to implement the new mission and vision to change and incorporate the recommendations for better organizational processes and systems. According to de Medeiros et al. (2022), ensuring a strategic and synergized behavior and culture in the organization assists and accelerates a successful
change process. References Bilro, R. G., Loureiro, S. M. C., & Guerreiro, J. (2019). Exploring online customer engagement with hospitality products and its relationship with involvement, emotional states, experience and brand advocacy. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(2), 147-171. de Medeiros, J. F., Garlet, T. B., Ribeiro, J. L. D., & Cortimiglia, M. N. (2022). Success factors for environmentally sustainable product innovation: An updated review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 131039. Galli, B. J. (2018). Change management models: A comparative analysis and concerns. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 46(3), 124-132.
Klofsten, M., Fayolle, A., Guerrero, M., Mian, S., Urbano, D., & Wright, M. (2019). The entrepreneurial university as driver for economic growth and social change-Key strategic challenges. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 141, 149-158. Liberty University (2021). Leading organizational change. McGraw Hill. https://libertycanvas.mhcampus.com/Pages/MyClasses.aspx?sso =1&ActivityId=Req04d04ij02n07majzgvlynth Wee, E. X., & Taylor, M. S. (2018). Attention to change: A multilevel theory on the process of emergent continuous organizational change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(1), 1. image13.emf Microsoft_Word_Document5.docx CONSULTING PROPOSAL #1 1 Consulting Proposal #1 Student Name School University BMAL 504 – Leading Organizational Change
Definition of Project: Diagnosis of Current Situation: Recommendations: Implementation Plan: Summary: Note the following as you prepare your consulting proposal: · Your proposal should include each of the above sections (do not combine sections). · A reference page is also required. · You may include additional sections in the proposal if they
add value and are relevant to the assignment. · Format, citations, and references should conform to the latest edition of APA. · Make sure you support your recommendations with citations from peer-reviewed journal articles. · Include a timeline with steps or phases when preparing your implementation section. Remember that the implementation is not a restatement of the recommendations, but details on how you would implement them in the organization. image14.emf Criteria Ratings Points Content Requirements 140 to >121.0 pts Advanced The assignment consistently exceeds minimal expectations in all areas regarding content, analysis, synthesis, evaluation of references, and writing style as contained in the assignment instructions.
121 to >76.0 pts Proficient The assignment demonstrates minor deficiencies in some areas regarding content, analysis, synthesis, evaluation of references, and writing style as contained in the assignment instructions. 76 to >0.0 pts Developing The assignment exhibits need for improvement in most areas regarding content, analysis, synthesis, evaluation of references, and writing style as contained in the assignment instructions. 0 pts Not Present
The assignment contains no evidence of meeting expectations in areas regarding content, analysis, synthesis, evaluation of references, and writing style as contained in the assignment instructions. 140 pts Structure Requirements 60 to >51.0 pts Advanced The assignment includes title and reference pages in current APA format as well as the required word count in Parts 1 and 2 with no errors. Exceeds the minimum number of peer-reviewed sources. No
grammar and APA errors exist. The assignment is in third person in a formal writing style. The body of the paper shows clearly identifiable Parts 1 and 2. It fully follows the assignment instructions. It addresses all specific elements in Part 1 and questions to consider in Part 2 as listed in the instructions. 51 to >31.0 pts Proficient The assignment includes title and reference pages in current APA format as well as the required word count in Parts 1 and 2 with no more than 1-2 errors. Includes the minimum number of peer-reviewed sources. No more than 1-2 grammar
and APA errors exist. The assignment is in third person in a formal writing style. The body of the paper shows clearly identifiable Parts 1 and 2. It mostly follows the assignment instructions. It addresses most specific elements in Part 1 and questions to consider in Part 2 as listed in the instructions. 31 to >0.0 pts Developing The assignment includes title and reference pages in current APA format as well as the required word count in Parts 1 and 2 with no more than 3-5 errors. Includes less than the minimum number of peer-reviewed sources. No more than 3-5 grammar and APA errors exist. The
assignment is mostly in third person and in a formal writing style. The body of the paper shows clearly identifiable Parts 1 and 2. It vaguely follows the assignment instructions. It addresses some of the specific elements in Part 1 and questions to consider in Part 2 as listed in the instructions. 0 pts Not Present The assignment does not include title and reference pages in current APA format as well as the required word count in Parts 1 and 2 Does not include peer-reviewed sources. Contains 6 or more grammar and APA errors The assignment is not in third person and in a formal writing style. The body of the
paper does not shows clearly identifiable Parts 1 and 2. Does not follow the assignment instructions. It addresses some of the specific elements in Part 1 and questions to consider in Part 2 as listed in the instructions. 60 pts Change Initiative Assessment: Paper Grading Rubric | BMAL504_B04_202240 Criteria Ratings Points Total Points: 200 Change Initiative Assessment: Paper Grading Rubric | BMAL504_B04_202240

More Related Content

DOCX
BMAL 504Consulting Proposal Assignment InstructionsOverviewT
bymilissaccm
 
DOCX
BUSI 504Change Management Image Self-Reflection Assignment Instr
byVannaSchrader3
 
DOCX
BMAL 530Faith Essay Assignment InstructionsYou will write an.docx
byrobert345678
 
DOCX
BMAL 500Research Paper Assignment InstructionsOverviewPlease
bymilissaccm
 
PDF
Hibatul Ghalib_Barus_Type Dynamics Indicator_Type at Work Report
byHibatul Ghalib Barus
 
PDF
Josh_Brunsdon_Type Dynamics Indicator_Type at Work Report (1)
byJoshua Brunsdon
 
PDF
Self help 2.0
bySathish Kumar
 
PPT
MBTI 2013
bydbergeron8
 
BMAL 504Consulting Proposal Assignment InstructionsOverviewT
bymilissaccm
 
BUSI 504Change Management Image Self-Reflection Assignment Instr
byVannaSchrader3
 
BMAL 530Faith Essay Assignment InstructionsYou will write an.docx
byrobert345678
 
BMAL 500Research Paper Assignment InstructionsOverviewPlease
bymilissaccm
 
Hibatul Ghalib_Barus_Type Dynamics Indicator_Type at Work Report
byHibatul Ghalib Barus
 
Josh_Brunsdon_Type Dynamics Indicator_Type at Work Report (1)
byJoshua Brunsdon
 
Self help 2.0
bySathish Kumar
 
MBTI 2013
bydbergeron8
 

Similar to BMAL 504Change Initiative Assessment Paper Assignment Instructi

PDF
How to successfully work in teams with people you hate?
byRon McFarland
 
PDF
MBTI
byApurba Lahiri
 
DOCX
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT CASES FOR ANALYSISConsolidated Product.docx
bycroysierkathey
 
PDF
William_Nelson_Type Dynamics Indicator_Type at Work Report
byWilliam Nelson
 
PPTX
Chapter 2
byBeulah Heights University
 
PPTX
ATh 115 Chapter 2
byBHUOnlineDepartment
 
PPT
Human Performance
byguest6879a908
 
PDF
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Career path
byApple tree
 
PPT
MBTI for Inov101.ppt
bykeilintin
 
PPT
MBTI for Inov101gggggggggggggggggggg.ppt
byarteree
 
PPTX
Personality Presentation for Success Day - SCTCC
bySarah Rach
 
PPTX
Personality of organization behaviour.pptx
byseconddcbcom
 
PDF
Personal characteristics 01
byDale Vaughan
 
PPT
Attitude presentation organisation behav
byanirudh46291
 
PPT
personality ppt for orgnisational behaviour
byanirudh46291
 
DOCX
INTJIntroverted iNtuitive Thinking JudgingTo outsiders, INTJs .docx
bynormanibarber20063
 
DOCX
Section I Your Dimension ResultsThis section will explain how y.docx
bybagotjesusa
 
DOCX
Module 1 – SLP Assignment MGT501Managing Individual BehaviorTh.docx
byroushhsiu
 
PPTX
Personality and attitude for organizational behaviour.pptx
bymacwanjoycee
 
PDF
Campus Community Guide 2
byOlivia Frazao
 
How to successfully work in teams with people you hate?
byRon McFarland
 
MBTI
byApurba Lahiri
 
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT CASES FOR ANALYSISConsolidated Product.docx
bycroysierkathey
 
William_Nelson_Type Dynamics Indicator_Type at Work Report
byWilliam Nelson
 
Chapter 2
byBeulah Heights University
 
ATh 115 Chapter 2
byBHUOnlineDepartment
 
Human Performance
byguest6879a908
 
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Career path
byApple tree
 
MBTI for Inov101.ppt
bykeilintin
 
MBTI for Inov101gggggggggggggggggggg.ppt
byarteree
 
Personality Presentation for Success Day - SCTCC
bySarah Rach
 
Personality of organization behaviour.pptx
byseconddcbcom
 
Personal characteristics 01
byDale Vaughan
 
Attitude presentation organisation behav
byanirudh46291
 
personality ppt for orgnisational behaviour
byanirudh46291
 
INTJIntroverted iNtuitive Thinking JudgingTo outsiders, INTJs .docx
bynormanibarber20063
 
Section I Your Dimension ResultsThis section will explain how y.docx
bybagotjesusa
 
Module 1 – SLP Assignment MGT501Managing Individual BehaviorTh.docx
byroushhsiu
 
Personality and attitude for organizational behaviour.pptx
bymacwanjoycee
 
Campus Community Guide 2
byOlivia Frazao
 

More from simisterchristen

DOCX
Reflection essay should be at least 350-400 words.Student resp.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Reflection is no less than one page, but no more than two pages. (2..docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Reflecting on Personal Identity and Global CitizenshipReview the .docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Reflecting on Personal Identity and Global CitizenshipReview the.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Reflecting on the movie we watched in class, 12 Angry Men, please ad.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Reflect on your understanding of the relationship between thinking a.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Reflect on your experiences during research processes and MLA style.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Reflect on what you learned in regards to mission statements.1) Di.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Reflect on the following for your 1-page journal reflection. As a ma.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Reflect on what you have learned in this course.What future concer.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Reflect on this semester as it is coming to an end.  Please summariz.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Reflect on the University Personal Development. What impediments.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Reflect on an experience when you interacted with someone from anoth.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
ReferencesAssignment Submit a reference list showing your r.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Referenced from American Literature Since the Civil War. Create.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Refer to the project from your local community or state that you des.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Recruitment Methods  Please respond to the followingDevelop a b.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Recommended Pages 5Style MLACitations Have a works cited page.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Reducing Communication BarriersIdentify what techniques you can im.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
DOCX
Red-green color blindness in humans is an example of __________..docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reflection essay should be at least 350-400 words.Student resp.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reflection is no less than one page, but no more than two pages. (2..docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reflecting on Personal Identity and Global CitizenshipReview the .docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reflecting on Personal Identity and Global CitizenshipReview the.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reflecting on the movie we watched in class, 12 Angry Men, please ad.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reflect on your understanding of the relationship between thinking a.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reflect on your experiences during research processes and MLA style.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reflect on what you learned in regards to mission statements.1) Di.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reflect on the following for your 1-page journal reflection. As a ma.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reflect on what you have learned in this course.What future concer.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reflect on this semester as it is coming to an end.  Please summariz.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reflect on the University Personal Development. What impediments.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reflect on an experience when you interacted with someone from anoth.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
ReferencesAssignment Submit a reference list showing your r.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Referenced from American Literature Since the Civil War. Create.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Refer to the project from your local community or state that you des.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Recruitment Methods  Please respond to the followingDevelop a b.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Recommended Pages 5Style MLACitations Have a works cited page.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Reducing Communication BarriersIdentify what techniques you can im.docx
bysimisterchristen
 
Red-green color blindness in humans is an example of __________..docx
bysimisterchristen
 

Recently uploaded

PDF
Beak Modifications by Dr. Ramzan Virani pptx.pdf
byDr. Ramzan Virani
 
PPTX
'Colonial Mentality and Social Identity in Karma by Khushwant Singh'
byKrishnarajsinh Parmar
 
PPTX
TLE 8 W1 Q4 D2.pptx COMMON FLOOR PLAN SYMBOLS PLUMBING SYMBOLS
byraquelanaaltres1
 
PDF
West Hatch High School - GCSE French Specification
byWestHatch
 
PPTX
" Jaya : Silence as Resistance " - That long silence
bydharabhandari35
 
PPTX
Master of Punjabi Short Story "kartar singh duggal
bybhautikbharwad4
 
PPTX
YSPH VMOC Special Report - Measles - The Americas 1-25-2026
byYale School of Public Health - The Virtual Medical Operations Center (VMOC)
 
PPTX
That long silence - Novel by Shashi Deshapande
bysanjanavaghela65
 
PPTX
28 January 2026 Rebecca Frankum Are high-stakes exams and assessments still r...
byEduSkills OECD
 
PPTX
Exploring Higher education and its pathways
byEVAMAEBONGHANOY5
 
PPTX
West Hatch High School - GCSE Media Studies
byWestHatch
 
PDF
U.S. Departments of Education and Treasury fact sheet
byMebane Rash
 
PPTX
The night at deoli - Ruskin bond's story of first love
byrajibhammar4
 
PPTX
Mohan - "A man of silence and authority"
bynidhibachauhan46
 
PPTX
literary theory and criticism by Vivek p
byvivekrathodborda
 
PDF
Risks and opportunities of artificial intelligence in education: A critical view
byYannis
 
PDF
Darwinism: Theory of Natural Selection and Origin of Species
byIPGDCWA,NAMPALLY
 
PPTX
Grade 9 and 10 learner Fuse and Switch.pptx
byCarlJohnCabayao
 
PPTX
HABIT. Cognitive process. I Semester Shilpa Hotakar pptx
bySHILPA HOTAKAR
 
PPTX
West Hatch High School: Year 9 Art Course
byWestHatch
 
Beak Modifications by Dr. Ramzan Virani pptx.pdf
byDr. Ramzan Virani
 
'Colonial Mentality and Social Identity in Karma by Khushwant Singh'
byKrishnarajsinh Parmar
 
TLE 8 W1 Q4 D2.pptx COMMON FLOOR PLAN SYMBOLS PLUMBING SYMBOLS
byraquelanaaltres1
 
West Hatch High School - GCSE French Specification
byWestHatch
 
" Jaya : Silence as Resistance " - That long silence
bydharabhandari35
 
Master of Punjabi Short Story "kartar singh duggal
bybhautikbharwad4
 
YSPH VMOC Special Report - Measles - The Americas 1-25-2026
byYale School of Public Health - The Virtual Medical Operations Center (VMOC)
 
That long silence - Novel by Shashi Deshapande
bysanjanavaghela65
 
28 January 2026 Rebecca Frankum Are high-stakes exams and assessments still r...
byEduSkills OECD
 
Exploring Higher education and its pathways
byEVAMAEBONGHANOY5
 
West Hatch High School - GCSE Media Studies
byWestHatch
 
U.S. Departments of Education and Treasury fact sheet
byMebane Rash
 
The night at deoli - Ruskin bond's story of first love
byrajibhammar4
 
Mohan - "A man of silence and authority"
bynidhibachauhan46
 
literary theory and criticism by Vivek p
byvivekrathodborda
 
Risks and opportunities of artificial intelligence in education: A critical view
byYannis
 
Darwinism: Theory of Natural Selection and Origin of Species
byIPGDCWA,NAMPALLY
 
Grade 9 and 10 learner Fuse and Switch.pptx
byCarlJohnCabayao
 
HABIT. Cognitive process. I Semester Shilpa Hotakar pptx
bySHILPA HOTAKAR
 
West Hatch High School: Year 9 Art Course
byWestHatch
 

BMAL 504Change Initiative Assessment Paper Assignment Instructi

  • 1.
    BMAL 504 Change InitiativeAssessment: Paper Assignment Instructions Each student will prepare 1 document to submit through TurnitIn. The project is an organizational change report that will total no more than 15 pages (not counting title or reference pages; no abstract is required). The paper must follow current APA format guidelines and will contain 2 main parts. Part 1 must be 1250–1750 words Part 2 must be 1500–2000 words. A minimum of 10 peer-reviewed sources must be published within the last FIVE YEARS For APA 7 Format and Template *USE THIS Part 1 (a maximum of 1750 words) must be written as a case and must describe vs. analyze/recommend. Part 1 must be modeled after the cases read during the course, containing similar format and content. Part 1 must contain a case description of a large organizational change (one about which you are able to obtain significant information) (EXAMPLES BELOW). Types of change might include mergers, acquisitions, downsizing, new strategic direction, globalization, public image failures (BP, Toyota, Facebook, Goldman Sachs), macro-economic change, political/legal shifts, or some other type of organizational change.
  • 2.
    The target organizationmay be a private, government, or non- profit organization with which you are familiar. Remember that you will need to select an organization for which you are able to collect considerable information in order to create a comprehensive case. Part 2 (a maximum of 2000 words) must be a thorough analysis, with suggestions for change and recommendations for management interventions in the case from Part 1. This part of your Project must be modeled after your 2 Consulting Proposal assignments (EXAMPLES & Part II TEMPLATE BELOW), each of which includes an analysis section and a recommendations section. In the analysis, apply course concepts to the case. In your recommendations, provide strategic, practical, and insightful actions for management. Consider the following questions in Part 2: · Based on your learning related to this course, how would you diagnose what is really going on in the organization selected? · How well do the organizational leaders/members understand what the issues really are? · How ready is the organization to change in terms of awareness, motivation, flexibility, and skill? · Given the context of the change (social, political, economic, customer need, etc.), how big a change is required to move the organization to a productive and effective mode of existence? · Analyze the company’s particular approach to change. Why did the organization take one particular approach to change (e.g., downsize) rather than other possible ones (e.g., creating a
  • 3.
    learning organization)? Howeffectively was the particular change attempt carried out? · How did resistance to change manifest itself? How effectively was the resistance addressed? · What were the objectives of the change effort? How successful was the change effort given its objectives? · How might the organization have used some of the materials and learnings from this course to increase the success of the change effort? · What consulting strategy would you use in working with the organization? · What recommendations would you make to the organization on how to be more effective in implementing and/or sustaining changes going forward? Grading Rubric: Page 1 of 2 image1.png image2.emf Microsoft_Word_Document.docx Personality Assesment James W. Bland III School of , Liberty University
  • 4.
    Author Note I haveno known conflict of interest to disclose. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to . Email: Abstract Studies show that there are sixteen work personalities. Those personalities are known as the type of table, which the Publisher wrote, Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc. Palo Alto, Ca 94303. It shows how important it is to know identify your work type for a healthy, happy, and fulfilled work environment for yourself and others. Keywords: 2 PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT 2 Introverts, extroverts, sensors, intuitive Personality Assessment Part 1: Jung and Briggs Myers personality results analysis My personality test based on Jung and Briggs Myers typology indicated that I have an INTJ (introverted (38 percent), Intuitive (19 percent), thinking (6 percent), and judging (25 percent) type of personality. My results indicate that I have a moderate preference for introversion over extroversion. I have a slight preference for intuition over sensing, a slight preference for thinking over feeling, and a mild
  • 5.
    preference for judgingover perceiving. As INTJ, my primary mode of living is known to be focused intrinsically; I take things and decisions based on my intuition. My secondary way of living is external, where I deal with situations rationally and logically. INTJ is known as masterminds; they live in a world of ideas and plan strategically rather than following their emotions. I value competence, intelligence, and knowledge as an INTJ person, and I have similar expectations to other people I work with currently and in the past. Since I am more of an introvert, I channel my energy into observing the world to generate potential ideas and possibilities which may turn out to be innovative. According to David Keirsey, a psychologist, and developer of the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, nearly 1 to 4 percent of the world's population has an INTJ personality type. Keirsey's four temperaments are better known as their subdivided sixteen kinds of personalities. The four-character types, according to Keirsey. The sixteen personality types include guardians, Artisans, Rationales, and Idealists; there are four personality types (Daniel, 2017). I-introverted Because I am more introverted at 38 percent, I am less likely to interact with others and share my ideas. I spend much of my time on my mind thinking about new ideas and how to plan strategically. As a result, I usually have little interest in the thoughts and feelings of other people. Therefore, other people will perceive me as a reserved person who is often isolated and less likely to share ideas. However, I am open to welcoming ideas from other people that I perceive as critical and logical since my primary focus as an INTJ person is to uncover innovations. As an introvert, I prefer working by myself ad strongly prefer solo work to group work. People find it hard to know me because I see little value in social events such as partying and small talk and thus making it difficult for people to get to know me. As a result, I have reserved interaction with a small circle of friends and family members. A person with INTJ personality traits tends to have
  • 6.
    difficulty establishing intimatesolid relationships. I find it hard to show affection to other people. I do not feel the need to express appreciation to other people. People in a romantic relationship with an INTJ person may feel as they are not loved due to the type rarely showing respect. They are less likely to give positive support and praise as other partners desire, which I know significantly demonstrates in my personality (Daniel, 2017). I do not find it necessary to keep praising my partner, and I rarely use words of affirmation to other people, which makes them think that I am not romantic. In terms of career, I have great interest and passion in pursuing what I live to become more skilled and knowledgeable in my field of study. I have high expectations, and I see it as my responsibility to become the better version of myself. I -Intuitive Based on the personality test, my score for intuition was 19 percent. As an intuitive person, I slightly prefer intuition over sensing. I tend to rely on imagination on the potential outcomes rather than sense. I am more focused on tangible facts and more specific results. I tend to discuss and assess different views and options of what the world would look like in the future. I am interested in the future rather than the current moment. For example, I would like to think of where I will be in five years and how that will influence my personal and professional growth. In addition, I tend to exercise my imagination to seek new ideas and possibilities. T-thinking I have a slight preference for thinking over feeling. According to Keirsey's four temperaments, my INTJ personality falls under the rational category as a mastermind. Masterminds are planners, self-confident, systematic, utilitarian, willful, and ingenious (Keirsey, n.d). Under planning, they understand the logical outcomes of each move, and their decisions do not influence by the current situation but the consequences of the action. They quickly understand how a particular decision affects the next step. They foresee what will be the outcome of
  • 7.
    the present action.In addition, masterminds are self-confident and thus quickly make decisions because they believe in their intuitions and knowledge. When it comes to making decisions, I rarely waste time because I am self-confident that I am making the right decision. I have unparalleled certainty of my ability to overcome barriers and achieve excellent outcomes. Furthermore, INTJ's personality confronts challenges head-on and acts as a stimulant for the mastermind to dig deep to uncover innovations. INTJ personality follows a systematic approach to a problem. In addition, a mastermind believes that every situation exists for a reason, and thus every issue must have a solution. They are interested in using ideas and their utility in reality, not merely concerned about the pictures. NTS value knowledge and competence over everything else and seek to make sense of the world around them so that they can help improve it. However, they are not generally interested in taking care of details but instead are focused on seeing the big picture, discovering ideas, and recognizing patterns. Other people may find a person with an INTJ personality as a rigid person because they are committed to implementing their ideas. Other people may find it hard to understand a person with an INTJ personality. J- Judgment From the personality test, I score 25 percent in judgment. This score implies that I prefer judging over perceiving. For example, I like gathering information from the external world and analyzing it to gather new insights to make informed judgments rather than perceiving a situation. Part 2: Relationship of various personality types at work The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a practical framework that shows how different personality types work together. A workplace cannot be effective with too many people sharing the same personality. The workplace will not be effective because there are too many of the same character traits, and they do not benefit from different input from people with other character traits. For example, INTJ people are all
  • 8.
    rational masterminds andnot input from a person with ISTP personality traits. An organization with an accurate mixture of different personalities will perform better if it has idealists, rationalists, guardians, and artisans. All these personality types interact to bring out the best results. For example, ENFP personality types are regarded as imaginative motivators, while ENSTJ personality types are considered efficient organizers (Thompson, 2022). As a result, a company needs efficient organizers and creative motivators to perform to its full potential. If an organization only has employees with ESTJ personality type, it will have a workforce full of efficient organizers. However, unfortunately, it will be missing employees with ENFP personality types who are imaginative motivators. Different personality types bring various talents and ensure the team generates a broad spread of ideas and solutions. However, with team members having diverse personality traits can be hard to synchronize the differences into something that can work for the better of the company. However, it is not impossible if all team members respect the boundaries of others. For example, if a person is an introvert and prefers email, approaching their workstations may make them uncomfortable (Kroeger, Thuesen & Rutledge, 2009). It is also imperative to come to people with different personalities in different ways. For example, guardian types prefer facts and patience. Therefore, it is essential to approach the points and have plenty of time for them to make decisions. Based on the personality test results, I have learned the impacts that my personality type, both positive and negative, can have on an organization. One of the traits I have a person with an INTJ personality type is that I can easily make a decision because I can project the future outcomes, and thus, I am confident with the decision I make. I can predict how the future will unfold, and therefore, I can make strategic decisions for an organization that will place the company in a better position. As a mastermind, I am driven to achieve the result and
  • 9.
    always watch thelong-term consequences of a given action. Therefore, I am now better positioned to avoid decisions that may have adverse outcomes for an organization. INTJs are about strategy, and organizations are about strategic planning. As an INTJ, one of my biggest strengths is strategy. I approach situations in terms of problem-solving by looking at the bigger picture and the outcome of a given case. Businesses miss out because of a lack of visionary leaders who can strategize effectively (Kroeger, Thuesen & Rutledge, 2009). In addition, as an INTJ, I am independent and have self-confidence about myself. Self-confidence helps a leader take more bold moves that can take the organization far ahead. However, one of the weaknesses of INTJs is that they like working in solitary; this can be a disadvantage, especially for projects that require teamwork. I prefer working on projects alone. However, it can be hard when I am supposed to team with other employees to complete a task. References Kroeger, O., Thuesen, J. M., & Rutledge, H. (2009). Type talk at work (revised): How the 16 personality types determine your success on the job. Delta. Thompson, J. (2022). How to work with all the Myers-Briggs personality types. https://www.atlassian.com/blog/leadership/every- myers-briggs-personality-type Keirsey. (n.d). Learn about the rational mastermind. https://keirsey.com/temperament/rational- mastermind/ Daniel. (2017). Keirsey temperaments.
  • 10.
    https://www.personalityclub.com/blog/keirsey- temperaments/ image3.emf SAMPLE APA-7 PAPERFOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 1 Created by Christy Owen of Liberty University’s Online Writing Center [email protected]; last date modified: November 7, 2021 Sample APA Paper: Professional Format for Graduate/Doctoral Students Claudia S. Sample School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
  • 11.
    Author Note Claudia S.Sample (usually only included if author has an ORCID number) I have no known conflict of interest to disclose. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Claudia S. Sample. Email: [email protected] mailto:[email protected] mailto:[email protected] SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 2 Table of Contents (Only Included for Easy Navigation; Hyperlinked for Quick Access) Sample APA Paper: Professional Format for Graduate/Doctoral Students .................................... 6 Basic Rules of Scholarly Writing ...............................................................................................
  • 12.
    .... 7 Brief Summaryof Changes in APA-7 ............................................................................................. 8 Running Head, Author Note, and Abstract ..................................................................................... 9 Basic Formatting Elements ............................................................................................... ............ 10 Font ............................................................................................... .................................... 10 Line Spacing ............................................................................................... ...................... 10 Spaces After Punctuation ............................................................................................... ... 11 Footnotes ............................................................................................... ............................ 11 Heading Levels—Level 1 ............................................................................................... .............. 11 Level 2 Heading ............................................................................................... ................. 12
  • 13.
    Level 3 Heading ............................................................................................... .....13 Level 4 Heading. Must be bolded and indented ½”. Add a period, one space, and begin your content on the same line as shown here. ....................................... 13 Level 5 Heading ............................................................................ 13 Specific Elements of Academic Papers ........................................................................................ 13 Tables of Contents and Outlines ....................................................................................... 13 Annotated Bibliographies ............................................................................................... .. 14 Appendices ............................................................................................... ......................... 14 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 3
  • 14.
    Crediting Your Sources................................................................................... .............................. 15 Paraphrasingand Direct Quotes ........................................................................................ 15 Paraphrasing ............................................................................................... ........... 16 Block Quotes ............................................................................................... .......... 16 How Often to Cite Your Source in Each Paragraph ......................................................... 17 Rule for Omitting the Year of Publication ........................................................................ 17 Arranging the Order of Resources in Your Citations ....................................................... 17 Two Works by the Same Author in the Same Year .......................................................... 18 Two Works by Two Different Authors with the Same Last Name .................................. 18 Three or More Authors Cited In-Text ............................................................................... 18 Number of Authors in the Reference List ......................................................................... 19
  • 15.
    Numbers ............................................................................................... ......................................... 19 Displaying Titlesof Works in-Text .............................................................................................. 19 Primary Sources versus Secondary Sources ................................................................................. 20 Personal Communications ............................................................................................... ............. 20 Resources Canonically Numbered Sections (i.e., the Bible and Plays) ........................................ 21 Bible and other Classical Works ....................................................................................... 21 Plays ............................................................................................... ................................... 22 Lectures and PowerPoints ............................................................................................... .............. 22 Dictionary Entries ............................................................................................... .......................... 23 Changes in Reference Entries ............................................................................................... ........ 23
  • 16.
    SAMPLE APA-7 PAPERFOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 4 Electronic Sources ............................................................................................... ......................... 24 Adding Color ............................................................................................... ................................. 24 Self-Plagiarism ............................................................................................... ............................... 25 Final Formatting Tweaks ............................................................................................... ............... 26 Exhaustive Reference List Examples & Additional Helpful Resources ....................................... 26 Conclusion ............................................................................................ ... ..................................... 29 References ............................................................................................... ...................................... 30
  • 17.
    Appendix ............................................................................................... ........................................ 40 SAMPLE APA-7PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 5 Abstract Begin your abstract at the left margin. This is the only paragraph that should not be indented. Unless otherwise instructed, APA recommends an abstract be no more than 250 words. It should generally not contain any citations or direct quotes. This should be a tight, concise summary of the main points in your paper, not a step-by-step of what you plan to accomplish in your paper. Avoid phrases such as “this paper will,” and just structure your sentences to say what you want to say. The following three sentences exemplify a good abstract style: There are many
  • 18.
    similarities and differencesbetween the codes of ethics for the ACA and the AACC. Both include similar mandates in the areas of ----, ---, and ---. However, each differs significantly in the areas of ---, ---, and ---. For more detailed information, see “Writing an Abstract” at https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp- content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/ Writing_an_Abstract_Revised_2012.pdf (note that you would not include any links in your abstract). This is just now at 168 words, so eyeball how brief your abstract must be. Think of your paper as a movie you want to sound enticing, and the abstract as the summary of the plot you would share to draw people’s interest into wanting to come and see your movie. You want to really hook and intrigue them. What you have to say is important! Remember to stay under 250, words. Keywords highlight the search terms someone would use to find your paper in a database. Keywords: main words, primary, necessary, search terms https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp- content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Writing_an_Abstract_Revised _2012.pdf https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-
  • 19.
    content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Writing_an_Abstract_Revised _2012.pdf SAMPLE APA-7 PAPERFOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 6 Sample APA Paper: Professional Format for Graduate/Doctoral Students The title of your paper goes on the top line of the first page of the body (American Psychological Association [APA], 2019, section 2.11). It should be centered, bolded, and in title case (all major words—usually those with four+ letters—should begin with a capital letter)—see p. 51 of your Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association: Seventh Edition (APA, 2019; hereinafter APA-7). It must match the title that is on your title page (see last line on p. 32). As shown in the previous sentence, use brackets to denote an abbreviation within parentheses (bottom of p. 159). Write out the full name of an entity or term the first time mentioned before using its acronym (see citation in first sentence in this paragraph), and then use
  • 20.
    the acronym throughoutthe body of the paper (section 6.25). There are many changes in APA-7. One to mention here is that APA-7 allows writers to include subheadings within the introductory section (APA, 2019, p. 47). Since APA-7 now regards the title, abstract, and term “References” to all be Level-1 headings, a writer who opts to include headings in his or her introduction must begin with Level-2 headings as shown above (see section 2.27) for any divisions within the introductory section. If you do choose to include headings in your introduction section (which is optional), be sure to include two or more subheadings, since APA (2019) forbids stand-alone heading levels. A second notable change in APA-7 is that writers are no longer required to cite their source every single sentence that content from it is mentioned (section 8.1). As demonstrated in this paper, since all of the content (other than the examples included for illustration and reference-entry variation purposes) comes directly from the APA-7 itself, citations to the APA-7 are only included for the first instance in each paragraph. Section and/or
  • 21.
    page numbers areincluded parenthetically throughout for the sake of students who desire to know exactly where the stated SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 7 rule appears in the APA-7 itself. In your academic papers, however, it is critical to include the required author(s) and year, as applicable, for all citations that are included; this may include more than one citation for each resource per paragraph, as required to avoid any confusion about the source of that content. Basic Rules of Scholarly Writing Most beginning students have difficulty learning how to write papers and also format papers correctly using the seventh edition of the APA manual. However, the Liberty University Online Writing Center’s (OWC) mission includes helping students learn how to be autonomous, proficient writers. The OWC also provides students with templates to help them with basic
  • 22.
    formatting elements, butthis sample paper is designed to help graduate and doctoral students learn to master APA rules and formatting on their own, which will prove helpful as they progress in their studies and work toward future publication in scholarly journals. For the purpose of instruction, this paper will use second person (you, your), but third person (this author) must be used in most student papers. First person (I, me, we, us, our) is not generally permitted in academic papers. Students should refrain from using first or second person in college courses (even though the APA manual encourages this in other writing venues) unless the assignment instructions clearly permit such (as in the case of personal reflection sections or life histories). If in doubt, students should clarify with their professors. APA-7 delineates separate rules and guidelines between “student” and “professional” writers (APA, 2019). Because a primary purpose of graduate and doctoral studies is to prepare those students to publish professionally, Liberty University has decided to have undergraduate
  • 23.
    students follow APA-7’sguidelines for “student papers,” and graduate/doctoral students follow APA-7’s guidelines for “professional papers.” Separate templates are available for each level. SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 8 This sample paper illustrates and discusses the rules and formatting of professional papers, as required for all Liberty University graduate and doctoral courses using APA-7 style. Brief Summary of Changes in APA-7 Most of these changes will be discussed in more detail below; this is just a very brief overview here. APA-7 reverts back to only one space after closing punctuation in the body of the paper (APA-6 required two spaces; APA, 2019, section 6.1). Student (undergraduate) papers no longer include a running head or abstract (sections 2.2 and 2.8); professional (graduate/doctoral) papers require an abstract but the running head is now the same on all pages (the added phrase
  • 24.
    “Running head:” fromAPA-6 has been eliminated; see section 2.8). Title pages are different for both student and professional formats. The title of a paper is no longer limited to 12 words (section 2.4). Citations of all resources with three or more authors now use the first author’s last name and the term et al. (APA, 2019, section 8.17). Reference entries must name up to the first 19 authors before adding an ampersand and ellipsis (up from APA- 6’s six authors; section 9.8). APA-7 omits the phrase DOI and instead standardizes DOIs to be presented in hyperlink format (i.e., https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1524838017742386; section 9.35). Formatting guidelines for annotated bibliographies are included in APA-7 (section 9.51), as well as expanded and standardized reference entry examples. As discussed above, it is no longer necessary to cite a source every single time you refer to content gleaned from it as long as it is clear the content comes from that source (section 8.1); APA-7 also expanded the specific location noted in the
  • 25.
    citation to includepage, paragraph, section (as used throughout this sample paper, to direct the student to the exact relevant content), chapter, timestamp, etc. (section 8.13). APA-7 allows for “self-plagiarism” (clarified and defined below). It also invites writers to SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 9 highlight the most relevant work first, rather than just present all works in alphabetical order (APA, 2019, section 8.12). Heading-level formatting has changed, and APA-7 provides more flexibility in font and line spacing (APA, 2019). The Bible must now be included in the reference list and its citations must include the editor’s details and year (section 8.28); there are also new rules for dictionary entries. Publisher city and state details are omitted from all reference entries except those involving presentations or conferences, as is the phrase “retrieved from.” Hyperlinks should be
  • 26.
    live, but theymay be either presented as blue underlining or plain black text. Running Head, Author Note, and Abstract APA (2019) delineates separate formatting requirements for what it terms “student” and “professional” papers. Its descriptions for those labels, however, suggests that it regards undergraduate-level writing to fall within the student purview, and graduate/doctoral-level writing (including dissertations and theses) to fall within the professional purview. Since a significant goal in graduate and post-graduate studies is preparing those students to publish in scholarly journals at and beyond graduation, it makes sense to train those students in the formatting that is required for professionals. As such, Liberty University has opted to require the APA-7’s “student” version format for all undergraduate assignments using APA, and its “professional” version for all graduate and doctoral assignments. To that end, this being the sample paper for professional formatting, it includes the additional elements required for such: a running head (same on all pages), an author’s note, and an
  • 27.
    abstract. Graduate anddoctoral students will use this format. Note that the first “paragraph” under the author’s note is generally only included if the author has an ORCID number, which most students will not have. However, it is included in this sample paper and the corresponding template because the purpose of these SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 10 resources is to prepare students to publish manuscripts post- graduation. The student’s full address, however, is intentionally omitted from the Liberty University template and this sample paper for privacy and safety reasons, since student papers are often unfortunately published online and disclosing their home addresses could pose safety risks. Basic Formatting Elements Font APA-7 does not prescribe a specific font or size (APA, 2019, section 2.19) but rather
  • 28.
    allows for somechoice (e.g., 12-point Times New Romans, 11- point Calibri, 11-point Arial, 11- point Georgia, or 10-point Lucinda Sans Unicode). Most journals and academic institutions will have a preference, however, as even APA-7 acknowledges on p. 44. For this reason—and because font size can easily be changed if an editor interested in publishing a student’s work prefers a different font—Liberty University recommends that students use 12-point Times New Romans or 11-point Calibri font for the body text in all academic papers. Data in charts, figures, and tables should be presented in 8- to 14-point size in either Calibri, Arial, or Lucinda Sans Unicode font. Students are not permitted to use any fonts such as script, calligraphy, poster, decorative, or others not found in published scholarly journals. Since APA-7 itself authorizes a variety of fonts and sizes, assignments will be gauged by word count rather than page count. Word count constitutes the number of words within the body of the paper, and excludes the title page, abstract, reference list, appendices, and other supplemental resources.
  • 29.
    Line Spacing APA-7 addsextra/blank lines on the title page (APA, 2019, sections 2.5, 2.7, 2.21). It also specifies that spacing in tables and figures may be single-, 1- 1/2-, or double-spaced; equations can be triple- or quadruple-spaced. Footnotes, when used at the bottom of a page, should be SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 11 single-spaced (section 2.21). Spaces After Punctuation APA-7 reverts back to just one space after closing punctuation in the body of the paper, as well as in reference entries (APA, 2019, section 6.1). Ordinarily, it would be improper to have a paragraph with only one sentence, though APA itself asserts that for its purposes “sentences and paragraphs of any length are technically allowed.”1 Footnotes
  • 30.
    This leads toanother new rule in APA-7, one allowing the inclusion of footnotes (APA, 2019, section 2.13). Footnotes should be use very sparingly and are appropriate to include information such as that in the prior section to alert the reader to supplemental material that is available online for that thought. Though APA-7 authorizes placement of footnote content either at the bottom of the page (as in this sample paper) or on a separate page after the reference list (section 2.21), Liberty University recommends that student place them, when used, at the bottom of the page, as shown here. Heading Levels—Level 1 This sample paper uses primarily two levels of headings (Levels 1 and 2). APA style, however, has five heading levels, which will be demonstrated briefly for visual purposes. See section 2.27 of your APA-7 (APA, 2019) for more details on heading levels and formatting. In APA-7, all heading levels are now bolded and in title case (capitalize each major word—usually those with four or more letters, including hyphenated compound words). Do not capitalize
  • 31.
    articles (a, an,the) in headings unless they begin a title or follow a colon. Level 1 headings are centered, with the content falling on the line beneath each, in standard paragraph format. 1 See https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/05/index.html https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/05/index.html SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 12 Many students misunderstand that you progress from Level 1 to Level 2 to Level 3 to Level 4 to Level 5, but that is not correct. In fact, your paper may have only Level 1 headings, or just Levels 1 and 2. The rule of thumb is that you must have at least two of each heading level that you use, otherwise omit that heading level. Headings are basically styling ways of organizing your paper, without using an outline format. APA specifies five levels of headings; you would likely never use Level 5 and only very rarely use Level 4 as a student. Think of each level as the
  • 32.
    different levels inan outline. Roman numerals, for example, would be Level 1 headings. Capital letters would be Level 2 headings. Numerals would be Level 3 headings. Lowercase letters would be Level 4. And lowercase Roman numerals would be Level 5. You must always have two or more of each subheading, but you do not need every level. You start with Level 1 and work down from that (but not consecutive 1-2-3-4-5). Under a Level 1, you would either have two+ Level 2 headings or none at all (just one big section in paragraphs before the next Level 1 section). Special note about conclusion sections: Please note that some of the sample papers published by APA to demonstrate proper APA-7 format (including the “professional” sample on pp. 50-60 of the APA-7 manual) depict the “Conclusion” section with a Level-2 heading. This is limited to empirical papers that are being submitted for publication in scholarly journals, as those conclusions pertain to the “Discussion” sections in such papers and are not conclusions of the overall papers themselves. Conclusions in academic papers at
  • 33.
    Liberty University willbe Level 1 headings (including dissertations and theses, which are divided by chapters, unlike journal article manuscripts). Level 2 Heading Level 2 headings are left-justified (APA, 2019, p. 48). The supporting information is SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 13 posed in standard paragraph form beneath it. Never use only one of any level of heading. You must use two or more of any level you use, though not every paper will require more than one level. The heading levels are simply demonstrated here for visual purposes, but you would always have two or more of each under a larger heading, as shown throughout all the other sections of this sample paper. Level 3 Heading Level 3 headings are bolded, left-justified, and italicized; the
  • 34.
    content falls onthe line underneath, as with Levels 1 and 2. Level 4 Heading. Must be bolded and indented ½”. Add a period, one space, and begin your content on the same line as shown here. Level 5 Heading. Same as Level 4, but also italicized. Despite heavy writing experience, this author has never used Level 5 headings. Specific Elements of Academic Papers Tables of Contents and Outlines APA (2019) does not regulate every type of paper and some elements in various assignments are not addressed in the APA-7 manual, including outlines and tables of content. In those cases, follow your professor’s instructions and the grading rubric for the content and format of the outline or annotations, and use standard APA formatting for all other elements (such as running head, title page, body, reference list, 1" margins, double-spacing, permitted font, etc.). Note that most academic papers will not require a table of contents, nor would one be
  • 35.
    appropriate. One wasincluded in this paper simply for ease-of- access so students could go directly to the content they want to see. Generally speaking, no table of contents would be necessary for papers less than 20 pages of content, unless otherwise required by your professor. SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 14 That being said, when organizing outlines in APA format, set your headings up in the proper levels (making sure there are at least two subheadings under each level), and then use those to make the entries in the outline. As discussed above, Level 1 headings become uppercase Roman numerals (I, II, III), Level 2 headings become capital letters (A, B, C), Level 3 headings become numbers (1, 2, 3), Level 4 headings become lowercase letters (a, b, c), and Level 5 headings become lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii). Many courses now require “working outlines,” which are designed to have the bones and foundational framework of the paper in
  • 36.
    place (such astitle page, abstract, body with title, outline/heading divisions, supporting content with citations, and references), without the full “meat” that fills out and forms a completed paper. Annotated Bibliographies Many Liberty University courses also now require students to prepare and submit an annotated bibliography as a foundational step to building a research paper. There is significant merit in these assignments, as they teach students to critique the resources they have found and rationalize why each is relevant for their paper’s focus. APA (2019) includes a section on annotated bibliographies (9.51; see the example provided on p. 308). The appendix attached to this sample paper also includes a sample annotated bibliography. Appendices Appendices, if any, are attached after the reference list (APA, 2019, section 2.14). You must refer to them (i.e., “callout”) in the body of your paper so that your reader knows to look there (see the yellow-highlighted callouts to Table 1 on p. 54
  • 37.
    and to Footnote1 on p. 55 of your APA-7 for visuals on how this should appear in your paper). The word “Appendix” is singular; use it to refer to individual appendices. APA-7 regards it as a Level 1 heading so it should be bolded. I attached a sample Annotated Bibliography as a visual aid (see Appendix). You will see SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 15 that I included the title “Appendix” at the top of the page and formatted it in standard APA format beneath that. Because I only included one appendix, it is simply titled as such. If there are more appendices, assign a letter to each and denote each by that: “Appendix A” and “Appendix B.” Crediting Your Sources Paraphrasing and Direct Quotes Paraphrasing is rephrasing another’s idea in one’s own words by changing the wording
  • 38.
    sufficiently without alteringthe meaning (remember not to just change a word here or there or rearrange the order of the original source’s wording). Quoting is using another’s exact words. Both need to be cited; failure to do so constitutes plagiarism. Include the author(s) and year for paraphrases, and the author(s), year, and page or paragraph number for direct quotes. APA-7 also expands this to include figure number, time stamp, etc.— whatever detail is necessary to get the reader directly to that content. Page numbers should be used for any printed material (books, articles, etc.), and paragraph numbers should be used in the absence of page numbers (online articles, webpages, etc.; see APA, 2019, section 8.13). Use p. for one page and pp. (not italicized in your paper) for more than one (section 8.25). Use para. for one paragraph and paras. (also not italicized in your paper) for two or more (section 8.28). For example: (Perigogn & Brazel, 2012, pp. 12–13) or (Liberty University, 2019, para. 8). Section 8.23 of the APA (2019) manual specifies that it is not necessary to include a page or paragraph number for paraphrases (just for
  • 39.
    direct quotes), butwriters may choose to do so to help their readers find that content in the cited resource. When naming authors in the text of the sentence itself (called a narrative citation), use the word “and” to connect them. For example, Perigogn and Brazel (2012) contemplated that . . . SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 16 Use an ampersand (&) in place of the word “and” in parenthetical citations and reference lists: (Perigogn & Brazel, 2012). Paraphrasing Only use quotes when the original text cannot be said as well in your own words or changing the original wording would change the author’s meaning. You cannot simply change one word and omit a second; if you paraphrase, the wording must be substantially different, but with the same meaning. Regardless, you would need to cite the resource you took that
  • 40.
    information from. Forexample, Benoit et al. (2010) wrote that “although, a link between attachment and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms has been established, the mechanisms involved in this link have not yet been identified” (p. 101). A paraphrase for that quote might be: A link between dysfunctional attachment and the development of PTSD has been made, though there is insufficient data to determine exactly how this mechanism works (Benoit et al., 2010). Block Quotes Quotes that are 40 or more words must be blocked, with the left margin of the entire quote indented ½ inch. Maintain double-spacing of block quotes. APA prefers that you introduce quotes but note that the punctuation falls at the end of the direct quote, with the page number outside of that (which is contrary to punctuation for non- blocked quotes). For example, Alone (2008) claims:2 Half of a peanut butter sandwich contains as much bacteria as the wisp of the planet
  • 41.
    Mars. Thus, practicalityrequires that Mrs. Spotiker nibble one bit at a time until she is assured that she will not perish from ingesting it too quickly. (p. 13) 2 Note that there are no quotation marks for block quotes, as shown in the example. SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 17 Usually quotes within quotes use single quotation marks; however, use double quotation marks for quotes within blocked quotes, since there are no other quotation marks involved. Also understand that direct quotes should be used sparingly in scholarly writing; paraphrasing is much preferred in APA format (APA, 2019, section 8.23), as it demonstrates that you read, understood, and assimilated other writers’ content into one cohesive whole. How Often to Cite Your Source in Each Paragraph As already mentioned above, APA’s (2019) new official rule is that you no longer must
  • 42.
    cite your sourceevery single time you refer to material you gleaned from it (section 8.1). It is now acceptable to cite your source the first time you refer to content from it in your paragraph, and then not again in that same paragraph unless your phrasing does not make the source of your content clear. This is demonstrated throughout this sample paper. Rule for Omitting the Year of Publication That being said, APA (2019) has clarified its special rule that excludes the year of publication in subsequent narrative in-text citations (when you name the authors in the text of the sentence itself), after the first narrative citation in each paragraph. It should continue to appear in all parenthetical citations (see section 8.16). For example, Alone (2008) portrays imagery of Mrs. Spotiker. This includes her devouring a peanut butter sandwich (Alone, 2008). Alone conveys this through the lens of astronomy. Note that the year of publication was omitted from the second narrative citation (underlined for visual purposes). Arranging the Order of Resources in Your Citations
  • 43.
    If the materialyou cited was referred to in multiple resources, separate different sets of authors with semicolons, arranged in the order they appear (alphabetically by the first author’s last name) in the reference list (i.e., Carlisle, n.d.-a; Prayer, 2015) (APA, 2019, section 8.12). SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 18 APA-7 now invites writers to prioritize or highlight one or more sources as most prominent or relevant for that content by placing “those citations first within parentheses in alphabetical order and then insert[ing] a semicolon and a phrase, such as ‘see also,’ before the first of the remaining citations” (APA., 2019, p. 263)—i.e., (Cable, 2013; see also Avramova, 2019; De Vries et al., 2013; Fried & Polyakova, 2018). Periods are placed after the closing parenthesis, except with indented (blocked) quotes. Two Works by the Same Author in the Same Year
  • 44.
    Authors with morethan one work published in the same year are distinguished by lower- case letters after the years, beginning with a (APA, 2019, section 8.19). For example, Double (2008a) and Double (2008b) would refer to resources by the same author published in 2008. When a resource has no date, use the term n.d. followed by a dash and the lowercase letter (i.e., Carlisle, n.d.-a and Carlisle, n.d.-b; see APA, 2019, section 8.19). Two Works by Two Different Authors with the Same Last Name Citations in the body of the paper should include only the last names, unless you have two or more resources authored by individuals with the same last name in the same year (or are citing a personal communication). When there are two different authors with the same last name but different first names who published in the same year, include the first initials: Brown, J. (2009) and Brown, M. (2009) (APA, 2019, section 8.20). Three or More Authors Cited In-Text When referring to material that comes from three or more authors, APA-7 now requires
  • 45.
    that all citationsname just the first author’s last name followed by the words et al. (without italics) (APA, 2019, section 8.17). Et al. is a Latin abbreviation for et alii, meaning “and others,” which is why the word “al.” has a period, whereas “et” does not. Alone et al. (2011) stipulated SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 19 that peacocks strut. Every single time I refer to their material, I would apply APA-7’s rule: Alone et al. (2011) or (Alone et al., 2011). Since et al. denotes plural authors, the verb must be plural to match, too: Alone et al. (2011) are… This applies to all citations within the body of the paper with three or more authors. Number of Authors in the Reference List For resources with 20 or fewer authors in the reference list, write out all of the authors’ last names with first and middle initials, up to and including the 20th author (APA, 2019, section 9.8). APA-7 has a special rule for resources with 21 or more
  • 46.
    authors: Write outthe first 19 authors’ last names with initials, insert an ellipsis (…) in place of the ampersand (&), and finish it with the last name and initials of the last author. See example #4 provided on page 317 of your APA-7, as well as this paper’s reference list for visuals of these variances (Acborne et al. 2011; Kalnay et al., 1996). Numbers Numbers one through nine must be written out in word format (APA, 2019, section 6.33), with some exceptions (such as ages—see section 6.32). Numbers 10 and up must be written out in numerical format (section 6.32). Always write out in word format any number that begins a sentence (section 6.33). Displaying Titles of Works in-Text The names of journals, books, plays, and other long works, if mentioned in the body of the paper, are italicized in title case (APA, 2019, section 6.17). Titles of articles, lectures, poems, chapters, website articles, and songs should be in title case, encapsulated by quotation marks
  • 47.
    (section 6.7). Theyear of publication should follow the author’s name, whether in narrative or parenthetical format: Perigogn and Brazel (2012) anticipated…, or (Perigogn & Brazel, 2012). SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 20 The page or paragraph number must follow after the direct quote. Second (2015) asserted that “paper planes can fly to the moon” (p. 13). You can restate that with a parenthetical citation as: “Paper planes can fly to the moon” (Second, 2015, p. 13). Second (2011) is another resource by the same author in a different year. Primary Sources versus Secondary Sources APA (2019) strongly advocates against using secondary sources; rather, it favors you finding and citing the original (primary) resource whenever possible (section 8.6). On the rare occasion that you do find it necessary to cite from a secondary source, both the primary (who
  • 48.
    said it) andsecondary (where the quote or idea was mentioned) sources should be included in the in-text citation information. If the year of publication is known for both resources, include both years in the citation (section 8.6). Only the secondary source should be listed in the reference section, however. Use “as cited in” (without the quotation marks) to indicate the secondary source. For example, James Morgan hinted that “goat milk makes the best ice cream” (as cited in Alone, 2008, p. 117). Morgan is the primary source (he said it) and Alone is the secondary source (he quoted what Morgan said). Only the secondary source is listed in the reference section (Alone, and not Morgan) because if readers want to confirm the quote, they know to go to page 117 of Alone’s book. Personal Communications APA (2019) rationalizes the exclusion of references for information obtained through personal communication (such as an interview, email, telephone call, postcard, text message, or letter) in the reference list because your readers will not be able to go directly to those sources
  • 49.
    and verify thelegitimacy of the material. Instead, these items are cited only in the body of the paper. You must include the individual’s first initial, his or her last name, the phrase “personal SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 21 communication” (without the quotation marks), and the full date of such communication (section 8.9). As with other citations, such citations may be either narrative or parenthetical. For example, L. Applebaum advised him to dip pretzel rolls in cheese fondue (personal communication, July 13, 2015). The alternative is that he was advised to dip pretzel rolls in cheese fondue (L. Applebaum, personal communication, July 13, 2015). Note that there is no entry for Applebaum in the reference list below. Resources Canonically Numbered Sections (i.e., the Bible and Plays) These resources should be cited in book format (APA, 2019, Section 9.42). The Bible and
  • 50.
    other religious worksare generally regarded as having no author; an annotated version would be treated as having an editor. Include republished dates as necessary. The OWC will publish a list of reference entries for various Bible versions on its APA Quick Guide webpage. Bible and other Classical Works Works such as the Bible, ancient Greek or Roman works, and other classical works like Shakespeare must be cited in the body of the paper (APA, 2019, section 8.28). APA-7 now also requires that they be included in the reference list, too (section 9.42), which is a significant change from APA-6. Republished dates are included as well (see section 9.41). As such, you would add a parenthetical phrase at the end of your reference entry with the original publication details; note that there should be no punctuation following such parenthetical content at the end of a reference entry (the reference entries depicting this in the reference list below are correctly punctuated). Citations for the Bible will include the Bible version’s name in
  • 51.
    the author’s position(as an anonymous work), original and republished years, and then the book chapter/verse (spelled out) in place of the page number (i.e., King James Bible, 1769/2017, Genesis 3:8)—see sections https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/apa- guide/ SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 22 8.28 and 9.42. Note that APA (2019) requires book titles to be italicized in every venue, including citations and reference entries. Because Liberty University is a distinctly-Christian institution and many of its courses require biblical integration, most if not all of its students will cite the Bible in virtually every course. The examples provided on pp. 274 and 325 of APA-7 are: (note the italics in each) citation: King James Bible (1769/2017) Solomon 8:6)
  • 52.
    Online. https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/ (Original work published1769) Plays When citing plays, “cite the act, scene, and line(s), in a single string, separated by periods. For example, ‘1.3.36-37’ refers to Act 1 Scene 3, Lines 36-37” (APA, 2019, section 8.28; see also example #37 on p. 325). Lectures and PowerPoints APA (2019) has expanded and standardized its rules for citations and reference entries in an effort to best credit the original sources. It now includes rules for crediting content in course or seminar handouts, lecture notes, and PowerPoint presentations (see #102 on p. 347). When citing a PowerPoint presentation, include the slide number rather than the page number. For purposes of Liberty University course presentations and lectures (which are not readily available to the public), reference each as a video lecture with the URL (if available) for the presentation,
  • 53.
    naming the presenter(s)in the author’s position. Include the course number, lecture title, and enough details for others to identify it within that course, in a sort of book format, naming Liberty University as publisher. Peters (2012) is an example of this in the reference list of this SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 23 paper. If the presenter for a Liberty University class lecture is not named, credit Liberty University as the author; see Liberty University (2020) in the reference list below as an example. Dictionary Entries In keeping with its efforts to standardize reference entries, APA (2019) now requires citation and referencing of word definitions from dictionaries to follow the same rules for chapters in an edited book (see #47 and #48 on p. 328; section 8.13). As such, you will now name either the individual, group, or corporate author of the dictionary in the author’s place (e.g.,
  • 54.
    Merriam-Webster, n.d.). Ifyou searched online, include the retrieval date and the URL to the exact webpage. If you used a hard copy book, include the publisher details. The in-text citation in the body of the paper would follow standard author/year format (e.g., Merriam-Webster, n.d.). Changes in Reference Entries There are a number of notable changes in APA-7 from past versions. For the most part, these simplify and unify the formats to be more consistent across the different resource venues. Some of these have already been discussed above (i.e., naming up to 19 authors’ names before adding an ellipsis, and crediting authors and editors of classical works and dictionaries). Other changes include italicizing names of webpages and website resources in the reference list (APA, 2019, section 6.22), as well as book titles even when named in the author’s position (such as King James Bible). The city and state locations of publishers are no longer required; only include those details “for works that are associated with a specific location, such as conference presentations” (p. 297, section 9.31). Issue numbers are
  • 55.
    required for alljournal articles that have such, regardless of what page number each issue begins with (section 9.25). If two or more publishers are listed on the copyright page, include all of them in the order listed, separated by semicolons (section 9.29). Omit the word Author in the publisher’s place when it is the same as SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 24 the author (section 9.24). Electronic Sources Note that since the APA 6th edition was published in 2010, great strides have been made in online and electronic resource accessibility, and APA’s position on electronic resources has shifted to embrace this. More and more resources are available electronically through the Internet. The advent of this increased availability has resulted in APA-7’s effort to standardize the formatting of resources, which in turn simplifies them to some extent. All reference entries
  • 56.
    follow the samebasic details: Author(s), year of publication, name of resource, and location details (i.e., either journal name/volume/issue/page numbers, or book publisher, or webpage). APA (2019) requires inclusion of a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) in the references whenever available (section 9.34); if not, then a webpage, if available. In keeping with its unification of resources, APA-7 now standardizes all DOIs and URLs to be presented in https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1524838017742386 format. The phrase “Retrieved from” is now excluded except when the content may have changed (such as dictionary entries, Twitter profiles, Facebook pages; see section 9.16). APA-7 requires all hyperlinks to be active (so your reader can click on one to go directly to that webpage), but they may appear as either blue-underlined text or simple black text (section 9.35). There should be no period after any URL. APA-7 no longer requires authors to break long URLs with soft returns (hold down the Shift key and press the Enter key) at forward slashes, periods, or underscores to avoid unsightly spacing gaps, but it may
  • 57.
    be best todo so in academic papers. Adding Color Though APA (2019) authorizes writers to include the use of color in photographs and figures (section 7.26), Liberty University discourages this in academic papers. It risks becoming https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1524838017742386 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 25 distracting for both students in their quest to be creative, and professors in their quest to focus on academic content. Self-Plagiarism APA (2019) also invites writers to repurpose some of their work in future papers. Specifically, APA-7 states that: In specific circumstances, authors may wish to duplicate their previously used works without quotation marks or citation …, feeling that extensive self-referencing is
  • 58.
    undesirable or awkwardand that rewording may lead to inaccuracies. When the duplicated material is limited in scope, this approach is permissible. (p. 8.3) APA-7 adds “Do not use quotation marks or block quotation formatting around your own duplicated material” (p. 256). Liberty University, however, has stringent rules against self- plagiarism, as do many scholarly journals. Liberty University students receive grades for their class papers; those who have received feedback and a grade from a prior professor on a prior paper have an advantage over their classmates, both in having the benefit of that feedback/grade and in not having to write a whole paper from scratch during the subsequent class. Student papers are also submitted to SafeAssign to deter plagiarism. For these reasons, Liberty University expressly forbids students using significant portions of a prior paper in a subsequent course (either a retake of the same course or a new class altogether). It is conceivable that students who are building their
  • 59.
    knowledge base ina subject matter—particularly at the graduate and post-graduate levels— would reasonably justify incorporating brief excerpts from past papers into current ones. In such case, Liberty University authorizes students to utilize APA-7’s disclosure (i.e., “I have previously discussed”), along with a citation to the prior class paper and a reference entry (i.e., Owen, 2012; SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 26 Yoo et al., 2016). Such self-references and re-use of content from prior papers should be used sparingly and disclosed fully in the current paper; that content should not constitute a significant portion of any academic assignment, however. Final Formatting Tweaks The templates provided by Liberty University are already formatted with proper spacing, margins, heading level structure, and hanging indents, as necessary. With the exceptions of the title page, figures, and equations, papers in APA format should
  • 60.
    be double-spaced throughout, withno extra spacing between lines. Academic papers at Liberty University should also be in one of the accepted fonts throughout (recommended: Times New Romans, 12-point font). Sometimes when you format your paper or cut-and-paste material into it, things get skewed. One quick way to ensure that your paper appears correct in these regards is to do a final formatting tweak after you have completed your paper. Hold down the “Ctrl” button and press the “A” key, which selects and highlights all of the text in your paper. Then go to the Home tab in Microsoft Word and make sure that whichever acceptable font/size you choose to use is selected in the Font box. Next, click on the arrow at the bottom of the Paragraph tab. Set your spacing before and after paragraphs to “0 pt” and click the “double” line spacing. The extra spacing required on the title page is already programmed into the template and should not change even when you complete these actions. Exhaustive Reference List Examples & Additional Helpful Resources
  • 61.
    The reference listat the end of this paper includes an example of a myriad of different sources and how each is formatted in proper APA-7 format. One example of each of the primary types of resources will be included in the reference list, as cited in the body of this paper. Remember that, for purposes of this paper only, many of the sources cited in the body of the SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 27 paper were provided for illustrative purposes only and thus are fictional, so you will not be able to locate them if you searched online. Nevertheless, in keeping with APA-7 style, all resources cited in the body of the paper are included in the reference list and vice versa (except for personal communications, per APA-7’s published exceptions). Be absolutely sure that every resource cited in the body of your paper is also included in your reference list (and vice versa), excepting only those resources with special rules, such as personal
  • 62.
    communications and primarysources you could not access directly. The reference list in this paper is fairly comprehensive and will include a book by one author who also appears as one of many authors in another resource (Alone, 2008; Alone et al., 2011); chapters in edited books (Balsam et al., 2019; Haybron, 2008; Perigogn & Brazel, 2012; Weinstock et al., 2003); electronic version of book (Strong & Uhrbrock, 1923); electronic only book (O’Keefe, n.d.); edited books with and without DOIs, with multiple publishers (Hacker Hughes, 2017; Schmid, 2017); work in an anthology (Lewin, 1999); journal articles (Andrews, 2016; Carlisle, n.d.-a, n.d.-b; De Vries R. et al., 2013; McCauley & Christiansen, 2019); newspaper article (Goldman, 2018; Guarino, 2017); online webpages (Liberty University, 2019; Prayer, 2015); resource with corporate author as publisher (American Psychological Association, 2019); resources by two authors with the same last name but different first names in the same year of publication (Brown, J., 2009; Brown, M., 2009); two resources by same author in the
  • 63.
    same year (Double,2008a, 2008b; Carlisle, n.d.-a, n.d.-b); two resources by the same author in different years (Second, 2011, 2015); resource with 20 authors (maximum allowed by APA-7 before special rule applies) (Acborne et al., 2011); resource with 21 or more authors (Kalnay et al., 1996); dictionary entries (American Psychological Association, n.d.; Graham, 2019; Merriam-Webster, n.d.); Liberty University class lecture using course details (Peters, 2012); SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 28 PowerPoint slides or lecture notes, not including course details (Canan & Vasilev, 2019); citing a student’s paper submitted in a prior class, in order to avoid self- plagiarism (Owen, 2012); unpublished manuscript with a university cited (Yoo et al., 2016); code of ethics (American Counseling Association, 2014); diagnostic manual (American Psychiatric Association, 2013); religious and classical works, including the Bible (Aristotle,
  • 64.
    350 BC/1994; KingJames Bible, 1769/2017; Shakespeare, 1623/1995); dissertation or thesis (Hollander, 2017; Hutcheson, 2012); review of a book (Schatz, 2000); video (Forman, 1975); podcast (Vedentam, 2015); recorded webinar (Goldberg, 2018); YouTube or other streaming video (University of Oxford, 2018); clip art or stock image (GDJ, 2018); map (Cable, 2013); photograph (McCurry, 1985); data set (Pew Research Center, 2018); measurement instrument (Friedlander et al., 2002); manual for a test, scale, or inventory (Tellegen & Ben-Porah, 2011); test, scale, or inventory itself (Project Implicit, n.d.); report by a government agency or other organization (National Cancer Institute, 2018); report by individual authors at a government agency or other organization (Fried & Polyakova, 2018); annual report (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2017); conference session (Fistek et al., 2017); and webpages (Avramova, 2019; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018; National Nurses United, n.d.; U.S. Census Bureau, n.d.). Lastly, below are a few webpages that address critical topics,
  • 65.
    such as howto avoid plagiarism and how to write a research paper. Be sure to check out Liberty University’s Online Writing Center (https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/writing- center/) for more tips and tools, as well as its Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/groups/LUOWritingCenter). Remember that these links are only provided for your easy access and reference throughout this sample paper, but web links and URLs should never be included in the body of scholarly papers; just in the reference list. Writing a research paper (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaa-PTexW2E https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/writing-center/ https://www.facebook.com/groups/LUOWritingCenter https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaa-PTexW2E%20 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE/DOCTORAL STUDENTS 29 or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNT6w8t3zDY and avoiding plagiarism (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeCrUINa6nU).
  • 66.
    Conclusion The conclusion toyour paper should provide your readers with a concise summary of the main points of your paper (though not via cut-and-pasted sentences used above). It is a very important element, as it frames your whole ideology and gives your readers their last impression of your thoughts. Be careful not to introduce new content in your conclusion. After your conclusion, if you are not using the template provided by the Online Writing Center, insert a page break at the end of the paper so that the reference list begins at the top of a new page. Do this by holding down the “Ctrl” key and then clicking the “Enter” key. You will go to an entirely new page in order to start the reference list. The word “References” (not in quotation marks) should be centered and bolded. Items in the reference list are presented alphabetically by the first author’s last name and are formatted with hanging indents (the second+ lines of each entry are indented 1/2” from the left margin). APA authorizes the use of singular “Reference” if you only have one resource.3 Students
  • 67.
    would, of course,NOT include any color-coding or footnotes in their reference entries. However, for the sake of clarity and ease in identifying what each entry represents, each one included in the reference list of this sample paper is color-coordinated to its corresponding footnote, with a brief description of what each depicts. 3 https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/creating-reference- list.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNT6w8t3zDY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeCrUINa6nU https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/creating-reference- list.pdf SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 30 References Acborne, A., Finley, I., Eigen, K., Ballou, P., Gould, M. C., Blight, D., Callum, M., Feist, M., Carroll, J. E., Drought, J., Kinney, P., Owen, C., Owen, K., Price, K., Harlow, K., Edwards, K., Fallow, P., Pinkley, O., Finkel, F., & Gould, P. P.
  • 68.
    (2011). The emphasisof the day after tomorrow. Strouthworks. 4 Alone, A. (2008). This author wrote a book by himself. Herald Publishers. 5 Alone, A., Other, B., & Other, C. (2011). He wrote a book with others, too: Arrange alphabetically with the sole author first, then the others. Herald Publishers. 6 American Counseling Association. (2014). 2014 ACA code of ethics. https://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center 7 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://www.doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 8 American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Positive transference. In APA dictionary of psychology. Retrieved August 31, 2019, from https://dictionary.apa.org/positive- transference 9 American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). 10
  • 69.
    4 Resource with20 authors (maximum allowed by APA before special rule applies). 5 Entry by author who also appears as one of many authors in another resource (single author appears first in list). 6 Multiple authors appear after same single-author resource. 7 Code of ethics. 8 Diagnostic manual. 9 Entry in a dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia, with group author. 10 Resource with corporate author as publisher. https://www.counseling.org/knowledge-center https://www.doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 https://dictionary.apa.org/positive-transference https://dictionary.apa.org/positive-transference SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 31 Andrews, P. M. (2016). Congruence matters. Educational Leadership, 63(6), 12-15. 11 Aristotle. (1994). Poetics (S. H. Butcher, Trans.). The internet Classics Archive.
  • 70.
    http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/poetics.html (Original work publishedca. 350 B.C.E.) 12 Avramova, N. (2019, January 3). The secret to a long, happy, heathy life? Think age-positive. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward- elderly-leads-to-long-life- intl/index.html 13 Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones, K. P., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In G. Y. Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavior therapy: Practice a supervision (2nd ed., pp. 287-314). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012 14 Benoit, M., Bouthillier, D., Moss, E., Rousseau, C., & Brunet, A. (2010). Emotion regulation strategies as mediators of the association between level of attachment security and PTSD symptoms following trauma in adulthood. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 23(1), 101-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615800802638279
  • 71.
    Brown, J. (2009).Ardent anteaters. Brockton. Brown, M. (2009). Capricious as a verb. Journal of Grammatical Elements, 28(6), 11-12. 15 11 Journal article without DOI, from most academic research databases or print version. 12 Ancient Greek or Roman work. 13 Webpage on a news website. 14 Chapter in an edited book with DOI. 15 Resources by two authors with the same last name but different first names in the same year of publication. Arrange alphabetically by the first initials. http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/poetics.html https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward-elderly- leads-to-long-life-intl/index.html https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward-elderly- leads-to-long-life-intl/index.html https://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615800802638279 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 32 Cable, D. (2013). The racial dot map [Map]. University of Virginia, Weldon Cooper Center for
  • 72.
    Public Service. https://demographics.coopercenter.org/Racial- Dot-Map16 Canan, E., & Vasilev, J. (2019, May 22). [Lecture notes on resource allocation]. Department of Management Control and Information Systems, University of Chile. https:// uchilefau. academia.edu/ElseZCanan 17 Carlisle, M. A. (n.d.-a). Erin and the perfect pitch. Journal of Music, 21(3), 16-17. http:// make- sure-it-goes-to-the-exact-webpage-of-the-source-otherwise- don’t-include 18 Carlisle, M. A. (n.d.-b). Perfect pitch makes sweet music. Journal of Music, 24(8), 3-6. http:// make-sure-it-goes-to-the-exact-webpage-of-the-source- otherwise-don’t-include Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of developing flu-related complications. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm 19 De Vries R., Nieuwenhuijze, M., Buitendijk, S. E., & the members of Midwifery Science Work Group. (2013). What does it take to have a strong and independent profession of
  • 73.
    midwifery? Lessons fromthe Netherlands. Midwifery, 29(10), 1122-1128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.007 20 Double, C. (2008a). This is arranged alphabetically by the name of the title. Peters. Double, C. (2008b). This is the second (“the” comes after “arranged”). Peters. 21 16 Map. 17 PowerPoint slides or lecture notes. 18 Online journal article with a URL and no DOI; also depicts one of two resources by the same author with no known publication date. 19 Webpage on a website with a group author. 20 Journal article with a DOI, combination of individual and group authors. 21 Two resources by same author in the same year. Arrange alphabetically by the title and then add lowercase letters (a and b, respectively here) to the year. https://demographics.coopercenter.org/Racial-Dot-Map https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.007
  • 74.
    SAMPLE APA-7 PAPERFOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 33 Fistek, A., Jester, E., & Sonnenberg, K. (2017, July 12-15). Everybody’s got a little music in them: Using music therapy to connect, engage, and motivate [Conference session]. Autism Society National Conference, Milwaukee, WI, United States. https://asa.confex.com/asa/2017/webprogramarchives/Session95 17.html 22 Forman, M. (Director). (1975). One flew over the cuckoo’s nest [Film]. United Artists. 23 Fried, D., & Polyakova, A. (2018). Democratic defense against disinformation. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research- reports/report/democratic-defense- against-disinformation/ 24 Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., & Heatherton, L. (2002). E- SOFTA: System for observing family therapy alliances [Software and training videos] [Unpublished instrument]. http://www.softa-soatif.com/ 25 GDJ. (2018). Neural network deep learning prismatic [Clip art].
  • 75.
    Openclipart. https://openclipart.org/detail/309343/neural-network-deep- learning-prismatic 26 Goldberg, J.F. (2018). Evaluating adverse drug effects [Webinar]. American Psychiatric Association. https://education.psychiatry.org/Users/ProductDetails.aspx? ActivityID=6172 27 Goldman, C. (2018, November 28). The complicate calibration of love, especially in adoption. 22 Conference session. 23 Video. 24 Report by individual authors at a government agency or other organization. 25 Measurement instrument. 26 Clip art or stock image. 27 Webinar, recorded. https://asa.confex.com/asa/2017/webprogramarchives/Session95 17.html https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research- reports/report/democratic-defense-against-disinformation/ https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research- reports/report/democratic-defense-against-disinformation/
  • 76.
    http://www.softa-soatif.com/ https://openclipart.org/detail/309343/neural-network-deep- learning-prismatic https://education.psychiatry.org/Users/ProductDetails.aspx?Acti vityID=6172 https://education.psychiatry.org/Users/ProductDetails.aspx?Acti vityID=6172 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPERFOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 34 Chicago Tribune. 28 Graham, G. (2019). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Summer 2019 ed.). Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/behaviorism 29 Guarino, B. (2017, December 4). How will humanity react to alien life? Psychologists have some predictions. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of- science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life- psychologists-have-some- predictions/ 30 Hacker Hughes, J. (Eds.). (2017). Military veteran psychological health and social care:
  • 77.
    Contemporary approaches. Routledge.31 Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of subjective well-being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 17-43). Guilford Press. 32 Hollander, M. M. (2017). Resistance to authority: Methodological innovations and new lessons from the Milgram experiment (Publication No. 10289373) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. 33 Hutcheson, V. H. (2012). Dealing with dual differences: Social coping strategies of gifted and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer adolescents [Master’s thesis, The College 28 Newspaper article without DOI, from most academic research databases or print version 29 Entry in a dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia, with individual author. 30 Online newspaper article. 31 Edited book without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version.
  • 78.
    32 Book chapter,print version. 33 Doctoral dissertation, from an institutional database. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/behaviorism https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of- science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life- psychologists-have-some-predictions/ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of- science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life- psychologists-have-some-predictions/ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of- science/wp/2017/12/04/how-will-humanity-react-to-alien-life- psychologists-have-some-predictions/ SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 35 of William & Mary]. William & Mary Digital Archive. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539272210/ 34 Kalnay, E., Kanimitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Whollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., … Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the
  • 79.
    American Meteorological Society, 77(3),437-471. http://doi.org/ fg6rf9 35 King James Bible. (2017). King James Bible Online. https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/ (Original work published 1769) 36 Lewin, K. (1999). Group decision and social change. In M. Gold (Ed.), The complex social scientist: A Kurt Lewin reader (pp. 265-284). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10319-010 (Original work published 1948) 37 Liberty University. (2019). The online writing center. https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/ writing-center/ 38 Liberty University. (2020). BIOL 102: Human biology. Week one, lecture two: Name of class lecture. https://learn.liberty.edu 39 34 Thesis or dissertation, from the web (not in a database). 35 Resource with 21 or more authors. Note the ellipse (…) in place of the ampersand (&). 36 Religious work.
  • 80.
    37 Work inan anthology. 38 Online webpage with URL. 39 Liberty University class lecture with no presenter named. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539272210/ http://doi.org/%20fg6rf9 https://doi.org/10.1037/10319-010 https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/%20writing-center/ https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/%20writing-center/ https://nam04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A %2F%2Flearn.liberty.edu%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ccmowen2%4 0liberty.edu%7Cb709d48eab614c47330308d7f67e8f9c%7Cbaf8 218eb3024465a9934a39c97251b2%7C0%7C0%7C63724889575 8832975&sdata=2kfyvpGtDiu0nVnT%2Fy0%2BUXZcfAi%2FB AadIm9QwtjT0g8%3D&reserved=0 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 36 McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross- linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126 40 McCurry, S. (1985). Afghan girl [Photograph]. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/national- geographic-magazine-50-years-
  • 81.
    of-covers/#/ngm-1985-jun-714.jpg 41 Merriam-Webster. (n.d.).Heuristic. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved 01/02/2020, from http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic 42 National Cancer Institute. (2018). Facing forward: Life after cancer treatment (NIH Publication No. 18-2424). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient- education/life-after-treatment.pdf 43 National Nurses United. (n.d.). What employers should do to protect nurses from Zika. https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/pages/what-employers- should-do-to-protect-rns- from-zika 44 O’Keefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism & the crisis in Western values. http:// www. onlineoriginals.com/ showitem.asp?itemID-135 45 40 Typical journal article with doi. 41 Photograph. 42 Dictionary entry.
  • 82.
    43 Report bya government agency or other organization. 44 Webpage on a website with no date. 45 Electronic only book. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126 https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/national- geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers/#/ngm-1985-jun- 714.jpg https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/national- geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers/#/ngm-1985-jun- 714.jpg http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/life- after-treatment.pdf https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/pages/what-employers- should-do-to-protect-rns-from-zika https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/pages/what-employers- should-do-to-protect-rns-from-zika SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 37 Owen, C. (2012, Spring). Behavioral issues resulting from attachment have spiritual implications [Unpublished manuscript]. COUN502, Liberty University. 46 Perigogn, A. U., & Brazel, P. L. (2012). Captain of the ship. In J. L. Auger (Ed.) Wake up in the
  • 83.
    dark (pp. 108-121).Shawshank Publications. 47 Peters, C. (2012). COUN 506: Integration of spirituality and counseling. Week one, lecture two: Defining integration: Key concepts. Liberty University. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/defining-integration-key- concepts/id427907777?i=1000092371727 48 Pew Research Center. (2018). American trend panel Wave 26 [Data set]. https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/dataset/american-trends-panel- wave-26 49 Prayer. (2015). http:// www exact-webpage 50 Project Implicit. (n.d.). Gender–Science IAT. https://implicit.harvard.edu/implici/taketest.html 51 Schatz, B. R. (2000, November 17). Learning by text or context? [Review of the book The social life of information, by J. S. Brown & P. Duguid]. Science, 290, 1304. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5495.1304 52 Schmid, H.-J. (Ed.). (2017). Entrenchment and the psychology of language learning: How we reorganize ad adapt linguistic knowledge. American Psychological Association; De
  • 84.
    46 Citing astudent’s paper submitted in a prior class, in order to avoid self-plagiarism. 47 Chapter from an edited book. 48 Liberty University class lecture using course details. 49 Data set. 50 Online resource with no named author. Title of webpage is in the author’s place. 51 Test, scale, or inventory itself. 52 Review of a book. https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/dataset/american-trends-panel- wave-26 https://implicit.harvard.edu/implici/taketest.html https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5495.1304 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 38 Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1037/15969-000 53 Second, M. P. (2011). Same author arranged by date (earlier first). Journal Name, 8, 12-13. Second, M. P. (2015). Remember that earlier date goes first. Journal Name, 11(1), 18. 54 Shakespeare, W. (1995). Much ado about nothing (B. A. Mowat
  • 85.
    & P. Werstine,Eds.). Washington Square Press. (Original work published 1623) 55 Strong, E. K., Jr., & Uhrbrock, R. S. (1923). Bibliography on job analysis. In L. Outhwaite (Series Ed.), Personnel research series: Vol. 1, Job analysis and the curriculum (pp. 140- 146). https://doi.org/10.1037/10762-000 56 Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porah, Y. S. (2011). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MPI-2-RF): Technical manual. Pearson. 57 U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. and world population clock. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved July 3, 2019, from https://www.census.gov/popclock 58 U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2017). Agency financial report: Fiscal year 2017. https://www.sec.gov/files/sec-2017-agency-financial-report.pdf 59 University of Oxford. (2018, December 6). How do geckos walk on water? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qm1xGfOZJc8 60 53 Edited book with a DOI, with multiple publishers.
  • 86.
    54 Two resourcesby the same author, in different years. Arrange by the earlier year first. 55 Shakespeare. 56 Electronic version of book chapter in a volume in a series 57 Manual for a test, scale, or inventory. 58 Webpage on a website with a retrieval date. 59 Annual report. 60 YouTube or other streaming video. https://doi.org/10.1037/15969-000 https://doi.org/10.1037/10762-000 https://www.census.gov/popclock https://www.sec.gov/files/sec-2017-agency-financial-report.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qm1xGfOZJc8 SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 39 Vedentam, S. (Host). (2015-present). Hidden brain [Audio podcast]. NPR. https://www.npr.org/ series/423302056/hidden-brain 61 Weinstock, R., Leong, G. B., & Silva, J. A. (2003). Defining forensic psychiatry: Roles and responsibilities. In R. Rosner (Ed.), Principles and practice of
  • 87.
    forensic psychiatry (2nd ed.,pp. 7-13). CRC Press. 62 Yoo, J., Miyamoto, Y., Rigotti, A., & Ryff, C. (2016). Linking positive affect to blood lipids: A cultural perspective [Unpublished manuscript]. Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison. 63 61 Podcast. 62 Chapter in an edited book without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version. 63 Unpublished manuscript with a university cited. https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain SAMPLE APA-7 PAPER FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 40 Appendix Annotated Bibliography Cross, D. & Purvis, K. (2008). Is maternal deprivation the root
  • 88.
    of all evil?Avances en Psycologia Latinoamericana, 26(1), 66-81. Weaving spiritual applications throughout the article, the authors incorporate a plethora of references to substantiate that maltreatment has a direct connection to attachment disorders. They provide articulate and heavily-supported reasoning, detailing the specific causes of maternal deprivation individually and then incorporating them in a broader sense to answer the article’s title in the affirmative. Feldman, R. (2007), Mother-infant synchrony and the development of moral orientation in childhood and adolescence: Direct and indirect mechanisms of developmental continuity. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77(4), 582-597. This longitudinal study tracked 31 Israeli children from ages 3 months to 13 years (infancy to adolescence). There were direct parallels noted between increased attachment/coherence and the child’s moral cognition, empathy development, and verbal IQ. Toddlers who were able to regulate their own behavior later
  • 89.
    proved to excelin lead- lag structures and language skills. image4.png image5.emf Microsoft_Word_Document1.docx CONTINUES BELOW image1.png image2.png image3.png image4.png image5.png image6.emf Microsoft_Word_Document2.docx
  • 91.
  • 92.
    Microsoft_Word_Document3.docx CONSULTING PROPOSAL #1 2 CONSULTINGPROPOSAL #1 2 Consulting Proposal #1 John Doe School Date Consulting Proposal #1 The company is in charge of making the C-17 airplanes. The company’s project is to improve the mindset of the employees to promote positive organizational change and ensure high- quality standards in the production of the C-17 aircraft (Liberty University, 2021). Under the old leadership, the company adhered to specific protocols for producing and constructing the C-17 aircraft. Production was driven by a schedule that defined the time activities in one position would take place. The assembling process for the airplane was conducted at different locations, with each site taking charge of specific parts of the aircraft. Once the time elapsed, the plane would move to the next position even when not all assembling operations were complete. This affected the quality of the airplanes due to a lack of thoroughness. All errors would be fixed in the last stages, meaning the aircraft would be taken apart at the previous
  • 93.
    location to improvestages and ensure that parts that had been incomplete at the initial stages were assembled. The teams accepted the process as a norm even though it affected the quality of the airplane. The project aimed to change the standard by influencing how activities were done during the assembling process to improve the quality of the aircraft. Under the leadership of Koz, the project aimed to ensure that every process was completed at each stage to avoid taking the airplane apart at the final stages since this interfered with the quality. Koz achieved this by ensuring no aircraft moved to the following location while incomplete. This encouraged employees to take charge of manufacturing and production to eliminate production delays and assemble all parts at each stage. Diagnosis of Current Situation Currently, the situation at the company is that the employees are unsure about the changes introduced by Koz. The employees are uncertain about ensuring the quality of the C-17 aircraft or keeping up with the production timelines (Liberty University, 2021). They have doubts about the effectiveness of the decision by Koz to prevent a plane from moving from one location to another until all activities to be completed in that location are done. These doubts occur from the norms the teams have embraced from past operations since they perceive the challenges associated with delays as normal and inevitable. They accepted that it would be impossible for all parts needed at each location on time based on experiences under old operations in the company. This attitude by the employees in the past contributed to delays and compromised the quality of the C-17 aircraft. The leaders in charge of the projects failed to take control of all activities to eliminate delays and ensure the quality of the final aircraft produced. On arrival, Koz identified the lack of leadership and immediately set up new policies and practices to eliminate the company's problems in production. His strategy helped to improve bad attitudes among the teams as it pushed them towards working to achieve goals and targets.
  • 94.
    This helped toimprove the quality of aircraft while also ensuring that the projects were completed in time . Recommendations The major problem affecting operations in the project occurred from a lack of proper planning. The project lacked the leadership to ensure smooth operations throughout the various assembly locations for the different parts of the aircraft (Liberty University, 2021). This lack of oversight can reduce advice- giving, explanation, and prediction (Alvesson, 2020). Proper planning is critical to achieving set goals for project completion. Proper planning also helps to save time and ensure high-quality standards are maintained throughout the various stages of the project. The project presented a lag in the availability of materials needed to complete each step. Planning helps ensure that all required materials at every stage are available since it ensures that the teams work collaboratively with suppliers at all stages to ensure that all materials needed arrive in time to facilitate each stage of aircraft assembly (Nave et al., 2020). Proper planning will also allow the new leader in charge of the project to work collaboratively with the team and reduce pressure at work. Planning would also enable the leader to have a good team available at every stage to maintain high- quality production standards while completing tasks within the set timeframes to avoid delays. With this, competitiveness and sustainability should also increase for the organization (Moro et al., 2021). Implementation Plan The most effective implementation plan for the company involves the new leader monitoring all project activities to ensure all operations run smoothly (Liberty University, 2021). The leader must also supervise the teams and the suppliers by conducting regular follow up to ensure that all activities designed for all assembly locations also run smoothly. The leader must also involve the teams by conducting regular meetings to brainstorm ideas and find the most suitable
  • 95.
    solutions for anyproblems. The leader’s involvement in all stages of the project ensures that the project maintains the highest quality standards of production. Lastly, the implementation plan should allow the leader to work with qualified teams and suppliers to ensure that the assembling process runs smoothly. Working with suppliers also ensures that the company outsources materials of high-quality standards to be used in the project. Proper planning can also help reduce work hazards, therefore, creating a safer environment for the employees (Schopf et al, 2021). Summary The company produces C-17 aircraft, which are large. Its production process involves assembling different plane parts at various locations in a sequence (Liberty University, 2021). Once one piece is assembled, it is transferred to another area, for another part of the aircraft is assembled until all parts are assembled. A C-17 aircraft project involves a large team in charge of the different sections. In its early stages, the project faced significant problems producing the C-17 aircraft due to several management and production protocols. The project faced significant delays, which interfered with the systematic approach to assembling the various parts according to the designed sequence. These delays interfered with the quality standards of manufacturing, as the aircraft had to be reassembled during the final stages to accommodate the steps that had been missed due to delayed materials. The company accepted these protocols as guidelines for their operations despite the problems they caused and worked around the delays in delivering some parts needed at each stage. The lack of an effective leader also affected operations in the project as the teams lacked proper guidelines to ensure efficiency in all activities. Under the new leadership of Koz, the new leader established the problems that affected the project's operations. Kaz set out new policies that defined that an aircraft should not move from one location to another if all parts that had to be assembled at that location were not completed. This stirred
  • 96.
    mixed reactions fromthe teams as they questioned the effectiveness of his decision. However, the move helped to improve operations as the teams started working towards not being the cause of delays in the assembly of the parts. Suppliers began bringing in the parts in time to avoid being blamed as the teams worked within the timeframe to ensure that every piece was assembled effectively at the various locations within the given periods. This helped to improve the quality of the aircraft while also reducing the delays in the projects as the teams coordinated to achieve the project's objectives. The procurement teams also began coming out with new ideas to ensure the quality of the C-17 aircraft was maintained. The quality of the aircraft improved, and the problems of production delays were eliminated. References Alvesson, M. (2020). Upbeat leadership: A recipe for – or against – “successful” leadership studies. The Leadership Quarterly. 31(6). 1048-9843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101439 Liberty University (2021). Leading organizational change. McGraw Hill. https://libertycanvas.mhcampus.com/Pages/MyClasses.aspx?sso =1&ActivityId=Req04d04ij02n07majzgvlynth
  • 97.
    Nave, J., Knapp,C. N., & McNeeley, S. (2020). Planning for change? Assessing the integration of climate change and land- based livelihoods in Colorado BLM planning documents. Regional Environmental Change, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01590-0 Moro, R., Cauchick-Miguel, P.& Campos L. (2021). Product- service systems towards eco-effective production patterns: A Lean-Green design approach from a literature review, Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 32(10), 1046-1064. DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2019.1655398 Schopf, A., Stouten, J., Schaufeli, W. (2021). The role of leadership in air traffic safety employees’ safety behavior, Safety Science, Volume 35, 0925- 7535,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105118 , image12.emf Microsoft_Word_Document4.docx 1 CHANGE AGENT “IN WAITING” PROPOSAL Change Agent “In Waiting” Proposal John Doe School class
  • 98.
    date Change Agent “InWaiting” Proposal Definition of Project Tan has been Singapore's Housing Development Board's associate for the last nineteen years (Liberty University, 2021). She worked her way to the top management and back office in charge of property and estate administration. Her government- owned agency sent her to a transitioning role for training as a change agent. Because the organization belongs to the government, it has gotten its funding from the public since its establishment in 1960. Between 2003 and 2007, the organization implemented substantial changes, including changing the CEO, retrenching and disengaging some employees, and developing new systems as needed. Despite these changes, the agency continues to face significant deficiencies regarding customers' expectations and less effective internal measures. As a result, the agency changed to incorporate a private firm within the change agent department, where Tan is. In today's customer environment, Tan is supposed to address department development issues, deliver cheap options, well-designed houses, and integrate interior customs. The proposal will assist Tan in the change management process and assess critical attributes of her role. Diagnosis of the Current Situation The newest change by the management attracted public attention to the need for scrutiny. Further, it countered the organization's factors, internally and externally, to ensure it becomes a relentless developer in housing for customers (Liberty
  • 99.
    University, 2021). Thenew mission and changes wish to improve customer service and expand the organization's market size to reach as many customers as possible. In improving services and streamlining systems, the company should incorporate private firms and ensure the adopted change yields positive outcomes according to the investment level. The desire for change and a sense of urgency are critical starting points for change implementation in any organization (Galli, 2018). The current situation requires customer service improvement through public service expansion and ensuring social satisfaction because when not addressed, it leads to private and public organization outcry and some other undesirable outcomes. Incorporating a private firm raises issues with consumers as they see it as a change indicating expensive customer service despite the adverse economic effects and inability to get such services elsewhere. The authority incorporation of the private developer will offer substantial benefits while ensuring quality service provision, increased efficiency, and innovation (Liberty University, 2021). Government has the responsibility for encouraging and ensuring innovation for better efficiency in resource allocation. This would assist in addressing societal challenges resulting from economic and social disparities. As observed by Tan, the current mission of the organization is absolute and links it with ineffective procedures, heft workloads, poor policies, inadequate training, and customer dissatisfaction. Recommendations . In any organization, change is inevitable; therefore, it needs to be a continuous process for the organization to achieve its goals (Wee & Taylor, 2018). Tan should develop a new mission statement to help management align with its general vision. A proactive plan will ensure the organization has continuous short-term goals for the clients, eventually alleviating future issues. Organizations should consider bold changes to integrate foresight and preparation while recognizing that ineffective change can present substantial risks, including complacency and
  • 100.
    stagnation. Another important recommendationis that Tan incorporate strategic staffing and a proactive synergized team in the department. A synergized and strategic team is better placed to implement the change intervention and streamline existing processes and systems, leading to reduced workload. With the right mentality, the proactive synergized team can help streamline the ineffective processes as it tries to achieve the new organization's mission. This team can guarantee flexibility, which meets the set deadlines through knowledge of the department's new and existing services and products, despite the tight schedule and increased workloads. Notably, an organizational behavior plan aimed at concentrating on customers should be considered. Improving organizational behavior can provide long-term sustainability of the change while ensuring stakeholders keep getting continuous value. Employee mindset should be changed at the various levels in the organization to achieve the desired goals of benefiting the public Implementation Plan When developing the new vision and mission for the organization, the frontline associates need to be incorporated grounded on their passion while facilitating face-to-face interactions to evaluate and share concerns and why it can help to develop a sound mission and vision. This includes incorporating different department stakeholders who are interested in better services. Some interested stakeholders include supervisors, who play a critical role in implementing change initiatives to address organizational problems. Streamlining staffing and other organizational systems can make a big difference for the organization in achieving its goals. Workloads should incorporate an agile team that allows both external and internal associated with attaining long-run objectives. This will save time, as the team would be able to meet deadlines and provide customers with cheaper options and efficient resource allocation and usage. A synergized and
  • 101.
    strategic team shouldbe established with acknowledgment of alertness and mood set by the agent to ensure the right people are in the group. Organizations' behavior would be better integrated by implementing public outreach programs like PERKS and MAGIC. Tan can involve a manager and other employees who are well conversant with the organization's systems and processes, not forgetting the existing mission and its implications. Ensuring online customer participation through online platforms and allowing house application via programs that enlighten customers, leading to honest and informed feedback from clients (Bilro et al., 2019). Summary The solution aims to solve customer issues through enhanced service and products to meet customers' needs better. The organization has implemented substantial changes, including changing the CEO, retrenching and disengaging some employees, and developing new systems as needed (Liberty University, 2021). Despite these changes, the agency continues to face significant deficiencies regarding customers' expectations and less effective internal measures. Tan should develop a new mission statement to help management align with its general vision. In addition, Tan should incorporate strategic staffing and a proactive synergized team in the department. A synergized and strategic team is better placed to implement the change intervention and streamline the existing processes and systems, leading to reduced workload (Klofsten et al., 2019). Tan has an extensive understanding of the organization and shows great rationale and knowledge of her initiative; Government agencies are responsible for improving society and addressing all the relevant needs as efficiently as possible while upholding and complying with different regulations and rules. Tan strongly desires to implement the new mission and vision to change and incorporate the recommendations for better organizational processes and systems. According to de Medeiros et al. (2022), ensuring a strategic and synergized behavior and culture in the organization assists and accelerates a successful
  • 102.
    change process. References Bilro, R.G., Loureiro, S. M. C., & Guerreiro, J. (2019). Exploring online customer engagement with hospitality products and its relationship with involvement, emotional states, experience and brand advocacy. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(2), 147-171. de Medeiros, J. F., Garlet, T. B., Ribeiro, J. L. D., & Cortimiglia, M. N. (2022). Success factors for environmentally sustainable product innovation: An updated review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 131039. Galli, B. J. (2018). Change management models: A comparative analysis and concerns. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 46(3), 124-132.
  • 103.
    Klofsten, M., Fayolle,A., Guerrero, M., Mian, S., Urbano, D., & Wright, M. (2019). The entrepreneurial university as driver for economic growth and social change-Key strategic challenges. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 141, 149-158. Liberty University (2021). Leading organizational change. McGraw Hill. https://libertycanvas.mhcampus.com/Pages/MyClasses.aspx?sso =1&ActivityId=Req04d04ij02n07majzgvlynth Wee, E. X., & Taylor, M. S. (2018). Attention to change: A multilevel theory on the process of emergent continuous organizational change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(1), 1. image13.emf Microsoft_Word_Document5.docx CONSULTING PROPOSAL #1 1 Consulting Proposal #1 Student Name School University BMAL 504 – Leading Organizational Change
  • 104.
    Definition of Project: Diagnosisof Current Situation: Recommendations: Implementation Plan: Summary: Note the following as you prepare your consulting proposal: · Your proposal should include each of the above sections (do not combine sections). · A reference page is also required. · You may include additional sections in the proposal if they
  • 105.
    add value andare relevant to the assignment. · Format, citations, and references should conform to the latest edition of APA. · Make sure you support your recommendations with citations from peer-reviewed journal articles. · Include a timeline with steps or phases when preparing your implementation section. Remember that the implementation is not a restatement of the recommendations, but details on how you would implement them in the organization. image14.emf Criteria Ratings Points Content Requirements 140 to >121.0 pts Advanced The assignment consistently exceeds minimal expectations in all areas regarding content, analysis, synthesis, evaluation of references, and writing style as contained in the assignment instructions.
  • 106.
    121 to >76.0pts Proficient The assignment demonstrates minor deficiencies in some areas regarding content, analysis, synthesis, evaluation of references, and writing style as contained in the assignment instructions. 76 to >0.0 pts Developing The assignment exhibits need for improvement in most areas regarding content, analysis, synthesis, evaluation of references, and writing style as contained in the assignment instructions. 0 pts Not Present
  • 107.
    The assignment contains noevidence of meeting expectations in areas regarding content, analysis, synthesis, evaluation of references, and writing style as contained in the assignment instructions. 140 pts Structure Requirements 60 to >51.0 pts Advanced The assignment includes title and reference pages in current APA format as well as the required word count in Parts 1 and 2 with no errors. Exceeds the minimum number of peer-reviewed sources. No
  • 108.
    grammar and APA errorsexist. The assignment is in third person in a formal writing style. The body of the paper shows clearly identifiable Parts 1 and 2. It fully follows the assignment instructions. It addresses all specific elements in Part 1 and questions to consider in Part 2 as listed in the instructions. 51 to >31.0 pts Proficient The assignment includes title and reference pages in current APA format as well as the required word count in Parts 1 and 2 with no more than 1-2 errors. Includes the minimum number of peer-reviewed sources. No more than 1-2 grammar
  • 109.
    and APA errorsexist. The assignment is in third person in a formal writing style. The body of the paper shows clearly identifiable Parts 1 and 2. It mostly follows the assignment instructions. It addresses most specific elements in Part 1 and questions to consider in Part 2 as listed in the instructions. 31 to >0.0 pts Developing The assignment includes title and reference pages in current APA format as well as the required word count in Parts 1 and 2 with no more than 3-5 errors. Includes less than the minimum number of peer-reviewed sources. No more than 3-5 grammar and APA errors exist. The
  • 110.
    assignment is mostly inthird person and in a formal writing style. The body of the paper shows clearly identifiable Parts 1 and 2. It vaguely follows the assignment instructions. It addresses some of the specific elements in Part 1 and questions to consider in Part 2 as listed in the instructions. 0 pts Not Present The assignment does not include title and reference pages in current APA format as well as the required word count in Parts 1 and 2 Does not include peer-reviewed sources. Contains 6 or more grammar and APA errors The assignment is not in third person and in a formal writing style. The body of the
  • 111.
    paper does not showsclearly identifiable Parts 1 and 2. Does not follow the assignment instructions. It addresses some of the specific elements in Part 1 and questions to consider in Part 2 as listed in the instructions. 60 pts Change Initiative Assessment: Paper Grading Rubric | BMAL504_B04_202240 Criteria Ratings Points Total Points: 200 Change Initiative Assessment: Paper Grading Rubric | BMAL504_B04_202240