Blood collection monitor
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TECSONIC LCD Blood Collection Monitor is a compact instrument to provide smooth and gentle rocking for homogeneous mixing with anticoagulant without clot formation of blood from a donor FEATURES OF Blood Collection Monitor: Microprocessor based controller system with accuracy of +/- 1 ml Meant for stationary and mobile use for easy & safe blood Collection Pre-selection of volume / 16x2 Jumbo LCD display with White Backlight Mixing speed of 12 to 14 rpm for gentle and smooth mixing with anticoagulant prevents Clot formation End to end gentle blood mixing with coagulant and control of collection time Audio and visual alarm for High flow(> 180 ml/min) and Low flow (< 20 ml/min) and commencement of collection Auto tare facility / Auto release function with Removable Magnetic Tray Automatic check on Blood flow rate and collection time during collection Motorized clamping with manual pause / clamping to temporary suspend the process. Available in 2D(See Saw) and 3D Movement Display of Set Volume, Process Volume, Weight, Flow Rate, Time & Current Status & Battery Percentage Volume can be set 1 ml. Increment with two Pre-set points (350 & 450 ml) Volume can be set from 1 ml. To 999ml. Provision for pausing collection and change Program during blood collection Adjustable Low Flow & High Flow point
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Blood components preparation and therapeutic uses final
This document discusses the preparation of blood components and their therapeutic uses. It begins by explaining how whole blood can be separated into various components to provide targeted replacement therapies. The main blood components and derivatives discussed include packed red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and plasma derivatives obtained through fractionation. The document then goes into details about the history of blood transfusions and developments in blood component preparation methods, types of components, preparation processes, storage and usage guidelines. It provides information on specific blood products like platelet-rich plasma and platelet concentrates.
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Abo Blood groups
1) The ABO blood group system was discovered in 1901 by Karl Landsteiner who identified the A, B, and O blood groups.
2) The blood groups are determined by the presence of antigens on red blood cells and the presence of antibodies in the plasma.
3) The ABO blood groups are inherited following Mendelian principles with A and B genes being co-dominant and O being recessive.
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This document discusses various hematology techniques and tests. It notes that moderate leukocytosis and thrombocytosis can occur after eating, and exercise can cause increases in red blood cells, haptoglobin, and a brief lymphocytosis. Different anticoagulants are described such as EDTA, citrate, and heparin. Methods for various blood tests like hemoglobin, platelet count, and white blood cell count are outlined. Factors that influence tests like erythrocyte sedimentation rate are also summarized.
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Blood component, sample collection, storage, preservation
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Components of blood
Blood contains formed elements like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma. It can be transfused as whole blood or separated into components like packed red blood cells, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma. Proper monitoring during transfusion is important to watch for potential reactions caused by antigen-antibody interactions or other issues like circulatory overload. Immediate reactions require stopping the transfusion and treating the patient, while notifying the physician.
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Blood components preparation and therapeutic uses final
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Abo Blood groups
1) The ABO blood group system was discovered in 1901 by Karl Landsteiner who identified the A, B, and O blood groups.
2) The blood groups are determined by the presence of antigens on red blood cells and the presence of antibodies in the plasma.
3) The ABO blood groups are inherited following Mendelian principles with A and B genes being co-dominant and O being recessive.
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Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate charged biomolecules like proteins and nucleic acids. It works by applying an electric field to migrate these molecules through a buffer solution or gel based on their charge to mass ratio. The first major use of electrophoresis was in 1937. Key aspects include using a buffer to maintain pH and conductivity, as well as staining and destaining techniques to visualize separated biomolecules. Common types include gel electrophoresis using agarose or polyacrylamide gels as well as paper electrophoresis. Applications include clinical diagnosis and protein research.
Vacutainer and anticoagulant ss
Vacuum collection tubes are used to draw blood samples. They contain a partial vacuum and various additives depending on the required test. Common additives include anticoagulants to prevent clotting for tests like CBCs, or gels and clot activators for tests needing serum. It is important to fill each tube completely to ensure proper mixing of blood and additives for accurate results. Tube stoppers are color coded to indicate their additive for tests like coagulation, blood banking, or chemistries. Needles must be disposed of properly in sharps containers after use.
Blood component, sample collection, storage, preservation
Blood components: sample collection, labeling, preservation, storage, documentation, record keeping, retention of records, quality control system.
Components of blood
Blood contains formed elements like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in plasma. It can be transfused as whole blood or separated into components like packed red blood cells, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma. Proper monitoring during transfusion is important to watch for potential reactions caused by antigen-antibody interactions or other issues like circulatory overload. Immediate reactions require stopping the transfusion and treating the patient, while notifying the physician.
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Blood,blood products and blood transfusion
This document discusses various blood products and their uses. It describes that whole blood contains plasma and cellular components. Packed red blood cells contain 50-70% hematocrit after removal of platelets and plasma, and are used for trauma with acute blood loss over 20% or symptomatic anemia without clotting defects. Platelets are used for bleeding due to thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction. Fresh frozen plasma contains clotting factors and is used for single or multiple coagulation factor deficiencies. Complications of blood transfusion include infectious issues like bacterial contamination and non-infectious issues such as acute hemolytic transfusion reactions, allergic reactions, circulatory overload and iron overload.
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Blood must be stored correctly to prevent clotting and maintain its integrity until transfusion. It is stored at 4°C in a buffer solution to prevent changes in pH from denaturing enzymes. Calcium ions are removed using an anticoagulant like sodium citrate to prevent the clotting enzymes from functioning and causing the blood to clot during storage.
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Reference: https://www.1mg.com/labs/test/hepatitis-b-s-1837
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This document provides information about blood collection procedures. It discusses phlebotomy, the order of draw for blood collection, sources of blood like venous, arterial and capillary blood. It describes different blood collection tubes and their uses. The key methods of blood collection covered are skin prick or finger stick, venipuncture and arterial collection. Specific steps for each method and proper handling of samples are outlined.
Laboratory Quality Control .ppt
Quality control and quality assurance programs are necessary to ensure reliable and accurate laboratory test results. Quality control involves daily monitoring processes like equipment calibration and testing control samples to verify test accuracy and precision. Quality assessment through external proficiency testing further challenges the quality programs. Proper quality control is implemented through all stages of testing - pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical. Statistical tools like Levey-Jennings charts and Westgard rules are used to monitor quality control data and identify out of control results. The goal is to minimize errors and validate test results for optimal patient care.
Complete Hematology Lab Manual_22MLH-201.pdf
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
Welcome to the Hematology Laboratory Practical Manual, an essential tool in your journey as a Medical Laboratory Technology student. This manual has been meticulously curated to provide an effective foundation for your practical skills in hematology and enhance your understanding of the human blood system's dynamics.
Hematology, a branch of medicine, focuses on the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. It includes the study of etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of blood diseases. The manual bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, intending to prepare you to perform and interpret various laboratory tests related to blood.
The manual introduces you to laboratory practices, standard operating procedures, and safety protocols. It explores a wide range of topics from the basic blood collection techniques, preparation of blood smears, and staining techniques to complex tests like complete blood count (CBC), coagulation tests, bone marrow examination, hemoglobinopathies, and blood group typing, to name a few.
Understanding the principles and methods used in hematology laboratory tests is crucial for any Medical Laboratory Technologist (MLT). You will find this manual to be instrumental in developing the necessary skillset and cultivating the meticulous approach required in laboratory practice. Each practical in this manual is supplemented with objectives, materials required, procedures, observations, precautions, and viva questions to enrich your learning experience.
The laboratory is a place where the theories you learn in the classroom come alive. Here, you will understand the importance of accuracy, precision, and repeatability. You will learn to calibrate equipment, handle samples, observe reactions, record data, analyze results, and generate reports. You will become acquainted with the microscope, centrifuge, pipettes, hemocytometers, reagents, and other laboratory tools.
To further enhance your learning experience, case studies and clinical correlation sections are incorporated, connecting the dots between laboratory findings and clinical symptoms. You will be challenged to interpret results and provide a plausible explanation for various hematological conditions.
This manual is designed to stimulate your curiosity, encourage critical thinking, and prepare you for your future role as a Medical Laboratory Technologist. It is not merely a collection of laboratory procedures but a practical guide to understanding the human blood system and its associated disorders.
The path to becoming a competent MLT involves understanding and respecting the significance of laboratory practices. It's about knowing that each sample represents a person awaiting diagnosis, treatment, or confirmation of health stat
Bombay blood group
- The Bombay blood group is an extremely rare blood type where red blood cells lack the H, A, and B antigens and plasma contains antibodies against these antigens.
- It was first discovered in Bombay, India in 1952 in about 1 in 10,000 people in Mumbai. Worldwide prevalence is about 1 in 1 million.
- People with this blood group can only receive blood from other Bombay blood group donors, as their blood will hemolyze if receiving blood from other blood groups.
- It is important for those with the Bombay blood group to register with blood banks so their rare blood can be available in emergencies.
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This document provides information on reticulocyte counts, including definitions, staining procedures, counting methods, reference values, and interpretations. Key points include:
- Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that contain RNA and stain blue with supravital dyes.
- A reticulocyte count involves staining a blood smear and counting the number of reticulocytes per 1000 red blood cells to determine percentage.
- An increased reticulocyte count indicates bone marrow response to anemia or blood loss, while a decreased count may indicate bone marrow suppression.
- Factors like medications and transfusions can affect the test results. Proper technique and avoiding inclusions
Venous blood collection procedure
Venous blood collection, or venipuncture, allows for collection of large blood volumes from the median cubital vein in the antecubital fossa for numerous clinical tests. The procedure involves cleaning the site, applying a tourniquet, inserting a vacutainer needle to fill test tubes, removing the needle and applying pressure to stop bleeding. Proper collection permits complete blood counts, cell analyses, and other tests to aid clinical evaluation and diagnosis.
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Liver Function Tests (LFTs) provide information about liver health and disease processes. They include tests of liver transport and metabolism (bilirubin, albumin), hepatocyte injury (aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase), and biosynthetic function (proteins, ceruloplasmin). Bilirubin and albumin directly assess liver function, while enzymes indicate hepatocyte damage. Elevated enzymes suggest hepatitis. Bilirubin levels distinguish hepatocellular from cholestatic processes. Albumin declines with cirrhosis. LFTs help pharmacists monitor for drug-induced liver injury.
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion involves transfusing whole blood or blood components from a donor to a recipient. The main components are packed red blood cells, plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate. Blood is typed by antigens including A, B, and Rh factors to avoid incompatible transfusions. Transfusions are given to treat anemia or bleeding. Risks include allergic reactions, infections, and complications affecting the lungs, circulation or immune system. Careful donor screening and compatibility testing are vital for safe blood transfusions.
Blood,blood products and blood transfusion
This document discusses various blood products and their uses. It describes that whole blood contains plasma and cellular components. Packed red blood cells contain 50-70% hematocrit after removal of platelets and plasma, and are used for trauma with acute blood loss over 20% or symptomatic anemia without clotting defects. Platelets are used for bleeding due to thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction. Fresh frozen plasma contains clotting factors and is used for single or multiple coagulation factor deficiencies. Complications of blood transfusion include infectious issues like bacterial contamination and non-infectious issues such as acute hemolytic transfusion reactions, allergic reactions, circulatory overload and iron overload.
Blood storage
Blood must be stored correctly to prevent clotting and maintain its integrity until transfusion. It is stored at 4°C in a buffer solution to prevent changes in pH from denaturing enzymes. Calcium ions are removed using an anticoagulant like sodium citrate to prevent the clotting enzymes from functioning and causing the blood to clot during storage.
Hepatitis B Blood Test (HBsAg)
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Reference: https://www.1mg.com/labs/test/hepatitis-b-s-1837
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This document discusses the common types of blood collection test tubes used in hospitals. It explains that red top tubes contain silica clot activators and are used for serum tests like cholesterol and liver enzymes. Purple top tubes contain anticoagulants and are used for blood and fluid cultures. Blue top tubes contain sodium citrate to prevent clotting and are used for coagulation tests. Green top tubes contain heparin and are used for chemistry tests. Lavender top tubes contain EDTA and are used for hematology tests. Gray top tubes contain sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate to prevent glucose breakdown and are used for chemistry tests like glucose. The document stresses that the proper test tube must be chosen according to the diagnostic
Cross matching
The document discusses cross matching procedures for blood transfusions. It describes the two types of cross matching - major and minor. The major cross match mixes the donor's red blood cells with the patient's serum to check for antibodies that could cause hemolytic transfusion reactions. The minor cross match mixes the donor's serum with the patient's cells. Procedures like saline, albumin phase, and Anti-Human Globulin (AHG) are described for detecting various antibodies. Cross matching is important to ensure blood compatibility and prevent transfusion reactions.
Rh factor
The Rh blood group system is one of the most complex with over 50 antigens. The Rh factor refers to the presence (Rh positive) or absence (Rh negative) of the D antigen on red blood cells. The RHD gene encodes the D antigen, while the RHCE gene encodes the C, c, E, and e antigens. Rh proteins are integral membrane proteins that may function in ammonium or carbon dioxide transport. The Rh system was discovered in 1939 when a woman had an immune response after transfusion with her husband's Rh positive blood after delivering a stillborn infant. This led to the identification of the highly immunogenic Rh antigens which can cause hemolytic transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn if a
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Technological Advancements in transfusion medicine
Advances in transfusion medicine include non-invasive hemoglobin screening, additive solutions that extend blood storage, automated component separation, frozen red blood cell storage, and improved testing technologies. Precise molecular testing and nucleic acid testing have shortened window periods and improved detection of transfusion-transmitted pathogens. Automation has increased efficiency in processes like component separation and red blood cell washing. These technological advances aim to improve blood safety, availability, and management for patients.
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donor selection criteria
This document discusses donor selection criteria and donor care policies. It outlines different types of blood donors, including voluntary, replacement, autologous, and apheresis donors. Professional donors who are paid are not preferred due to risks. Selection criteria aim to protect both donors and recipients by ensuring donors are healthy and low risk. The donor selection process involves registration, consent, medical screening, and testing. Policies cover donor recruitment, retention, counseling, and ensuring a safe donation experience.
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This document provides information about blood collection procedures. It discusses phlebotomy, the order of draw for blood collection, sources of blood like venous, arterial and capillary blood. It describes different blood collection tubes and their uses. The key methods of blood collection covered are skin prick or finger stick, venipuncture and arterial collection. Specific steps for each method and proper handling of samples are outlined.
Laboratory Quality Control .ppt
Quality control and quality assurance programs are necessary to ensure reliable and accurate laboratory test results. Quality control involves daily monitoring processes like equipment calibration and testing control samples to verify test accuracy and precision. Quality assessment through external proficiency testing further challenges the quality programs. Proper quality control is implemented through all stages of testing - pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical. Statistical tools like Levey-Jennings charts and Westgard rules are used to monitor quality control data and identify out of control results. The goal is to minimize errors and validate test results for optimal patient care.
Complete Hematology Lab Manual_22MLH-201.pdf
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
Welcome to the Hematology Laboratory Practical Manual, an essential tool in your journey as a Medical Laboratory Technology student. This manual has been meticulously curated to provide an effective foundation for your practical skills in hematology and enhance your understanding of the human blood system's dynamics.
Hematology, a branch of medicine, focuses on the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. It includes the study of etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of blood diseases. The manual bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, intending to prepare you to perform and interpret various laboratory tests related to blood.
The manual introduces you to laboratory practices, standard operating procedures, and safety protocols. It explores a wide range of topics from the basic blood collection techniques, preparation of blood smears, and staining techniques to complex tests like complete blood count (CBC), coagulation tests, bone marrow examination, hemoglobinopathies, and blood group typing, to name a few.
Understanding the principles and methods used in hematology laboratory tests is crucial for any Medical Laboratory Technologist (MLT). You will find this manual to be instrumental in developing the necessary skillset and cultivating the meticulous approach required in laboratory practice. Each practical in this manual is supplemented with objectives, materials required, procedures, observations, precautions, and viva questions to enrich your learning experience.
The laboratory is a place where the theories you learn in the classroom come alive. Here, you will understand the importance of accuracy, precision, and repeatability. You will learn to calibrate equipment, handle samples, observe reactions, record data, analyze results, and generate reports. You will become acquainted with the microscope, centrifuge, pipettes, hemocytometers, reagents, and other laboratory tools.
To further enhance your learning experience, case studies and clinical correlation sections are incorporated, connecting the dots between laboratory findings and clinical symptoms. You will be challenged to interpret results and provide a plausible explanation for various hematological conditions.
This manual is designed to stimulate your curiosity, encourage critical thinking, and prepare you for your future role as a Medical Laboratory Technologist. It is not merely a collection of laboratory procedures but a practical guide to understanding the human blood system and its associated disorders.
The path to becoming a competent MLT involves understanding and respecting the significance of laboratory practices. It's about knowing that each sample represents a person awaiting diagnosis, treatment, or confirmation of health stat
Bombay blood group
- The Bombay blood group is an extremely rare blood type where red blood cells lack the H, A, and B antigens and plasma contains antibodies against these antigens.
- It was first discovered in Bombay, India in 1952 in about 1 in 10,000 people in Mumbai. Worldwide prevalence is about 1 in 1 million.
- People with this blood group can only receive blood from other Bombay blood group donors, as their blood will hemolyze if receiving blood from other blood groups.
- It is important for those with the Bombay blood group to register with blood banks so their rare blood can be available in emergencies.
Reticulocyte count
This document provides information on reticulocyte counts, including definitions, staining procedures, counting methods, reference values, and interpretations. Key points include:
- Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that contain RNA and stain blue with supravital dyes.
- A reticulocyte count involves staining a blood smear and counting the number of reticulocytes per 1000 red blood cells to determine percentage.
- An increased reticulocyte count indicates bone marrow response to anemia or blood loss, while a decreased count may indicate bone marrow suppression.
- Factors like medications and transfusions can affect the test results. Proper technique and avoiding inclusions
Venous blood collection procedure
Venous blood collection, or venipuncture, allows for collection of large blood volumes from the median cubital vein in the antecubital fossa for numerous clinical tests. The procedure involves cleaning the site, applying a tourniquet, inserting a vacutainer needle to fill test tubes, removing the needle and applying pressure to stop bleeding. Proper collection permits complete blood counts, cell analyses, and other tests to aid clinical evaluation and diagnosis.
Automation and continuous flow analyzer
This is a powerpoint of automation in clinical chemistry. This comprises the definition of automation, steps of the analytical process, and detail about the continuous flow analyzer.Thus, this will be helpful for the students of medical laboratory, biochemistry students and teachers.
Coombs test
This document provides information about the Coombs test, which is used to detect antibody or complement coating of red blood cells. It describes the history and principles of the test, as well as the direct and indirect Coombs test procedures. The direct Coombs test detects in vivo coating of red blood cells and is used to diagnose conditions like hemolytic disease of the newborn. The indirect Coombs test detects in vitro coating of red cells and is used for compatibility testing and antibody screening. Factors affecting the tests and causes of false positive and negative results are also outlined.
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