Black holes are regions of space with immense gravitational pulls that do not allow nearby objects to escape. They form when very massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycles. A star must be at least 3 times the mass of our sun to collapse into a black hole upon supernova. There are several stages a massive star goes through over millions of years, fusing lighter elements until an iron core forms and collapses, which may then become a black hole. Scientists have developed theories about black holes over time, but many questions still remain about their exact nature and effects.

1. Black Holes Research Paper
Throughout the outer space, there are black holes, and many unknowns that come with black
holes, the first being, what are they? A black hole is a region of space that has so much mass
concentrated in it that there is no way for a nearby object to escape its gravitational pull. In a black hole
is the line of singularity—a region in a black hole where the matter is crushed into infinite density, the
pull of gravity is very strong, and the black holes mass becomes entirely compressed into a space with
zero volume. Scientists find these objects in space by looking at the size of stars; the bigger and heavier
the star, the more chance it has to become a black hole. There are five main stages that a massive star
goes through to become a black hole. The first stage is that a massive star evolves the same way as a
small star until the hydrogen in the star fuses into helium; this process takes billions of years for a
smaller star, but only millions of years for a larger star. Next the massive star then becomes a red
supergiant and starts off with a helium core surrounded by a shell of cooling, expanding gas. The
massive star is much bigger in its expanding stage. The third stage of a star becoming a black hole is that
in the next million years a series of nuclear reactions occur forming different elements in shells around
the iron core. Then the core collapses in less than a second, causing an explosion called a Supernova, in
which a shock wave blows of the outer layers of the star. Sometimes the core survives the explosion; if
the surviving core is between 1.5 - 3 solar masses it contracts to become a a tiny, very dense neutron
star; if the core is much greater than 3 solar masses, the core contracts to become a black hole—making
up the fifth and final stage of a star.
When researching black holes, scientists, over the years, have come up with many theories
regarding black holes. Stephen Hawkings has recently changed his theory, without giving any evidence,
from its original one. His first theory stated that a black hole could swallow up everything that falls into
it; now he thinks that his theory is partially wrong. A second theory is the 2012 black hole theory, a
theory thought of by the early Mayans, and relates to Einstein's Theory of General Relativity; it states
that once we are in galactic alignment there is a black hole that will continue to get closer to the earth
and it's orbit. As this Black Hole gets closer the weather will become severe all around the world causing
drought in some places continual rain in others, floods and hurricanes in other areas. These will become
worse and worse as it gets closer and closer. There are two possible endings to the world, one that may
take two weeks to two months, and the other being much faster. The first ending is that the Earth is
thrown out of it's orbit and shoved away from the sun or toward the sun. It would take about two weeks
to two months for all the life on Earth ended. Everything would either freeze or burn to death. The
second ending is the black hole would consume the earth. It would be faster than the first ending. As the
black hole comes closer to the earth, the weather would become totally unpredictable. Gravity would
soon not matter, things would move away from the ground, the atmosphere would go away, and
everything would be torn into pieces until nothing was left. There are questions regarding this theory
however, such as if this could even happen. The only thing that holds the scientists back about this
theory is that you can't see a black hole. Scientists believe that they could see the effects of a black hole,
such as the stars would begin to move.