The document discusses how BitTorrent works for file sharing. It explains that BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer protocol that allows users to download files from multiple peers simultaneously. A central tracker coordinates the peers and keeps track of which pieces of the file each peer has available to share. Peers connect to each other to request and send pieces of the file, with the goal of the downloader obtaining all pieces from different peers to reconstruct the full file. The process continues until all peers have downloaded the complete file and become seeds.
This is brief presentation on BitTorrent technology.
(caution: avoid using site mentioned in the ppt for downloading torrent file.. b t jun kie ....it may not be safe..)
(Thanks to Soumya and my other colleagues for the help.)
This is brief presentation on BitTorrent technology.
(caution: avoid using site mentioned in the ppt for downloading torrent file.. b t jun kie ....it may not be safe..)
(Thanks to Soumya and my other colleagues for the help.)
BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol used to distribute large amounts of data. A user can obtain multiple files simultaneously without any considerable loss of the transfer rate .
Josh Moulin: What every prosecutor should know about peer to-peer investigationsJosh Moulin, MSISA,CISSP
In this article Josh Moulin discusses how Peer to Peer (p2p) works and how it is used to commit various cyber crimes. The article is written for prosecutors and law enforcement, however it contains general information that may be of assistance to anyone wanting to better understand how this technology functions.
BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol used to distribute large amounts of data. A user can obtain multiple files simultaneously without any considerable loss of the transfer rate .
Josh Moulin: What every prosecutor should know about peer to-peer investigationsJosh Moulin, MSISA,CISSP
In this article Josh Moulin discusses how Peer to Peer (p2p) works and how it is used to commit various cyber crimes. The article is written for prosecutors and law enforcement, however it contains general information that may be of assistance to anyone wanting to better understand how this technology functions.
"As per GroupM's annual report on estimations about the advertising spends in the Indian media industry, AdEx is expected to cross Rs 40,000 crore in 2014. It stayed at Rs 38,597 crore in 2013. The growth estimate is 11.6 per cent. Digital media shows maximum growth potential with 35 per cent. This is followed by 12 per cent in TV, a drop from 13.6 per cent in 2013. Cinema remains constant at 12 per cent for this year as well. The print medium shows a significant increase by 8.5 per cent as against the 2013 estimate of 4.6 per cent, owing to growth in vernacular print publications across the country."
In an event held in Mumbai today, GroupM released its annual projection of the advertising spends for 2014. CVL Srinivas, CEO, GroupM South Asia, says, "We are cautiously optimistic about the media industry in 2014. Sectors like FMCG, auto and retail will continue to see a stable increase in ad spends. We will see an increase in rural spending by FMCG and telecom. The first half of the year will continue to be uncertain given the general economic and political environment, and ambiguity surrounding the measurement system. However advertising by political parties is expected to give a boost to the AdEx by upto +2.5 per cent. We envisage a stronger second half with an upsurge in ad spends."
The report is an understanding of the estimated media spends by advertisers in the current year. It also highlights some of the industry sectors that will have a major effect on advertising spends across media. This year GroupM also launched mTrends, a quick reference book of the hottest media and communications opportunities in 2014. This list of 20 trends is a derivative of the 2014 report and has been put together by the team at GroupM India, including the agencies and specialist units.
India Marketing Spends 2015, Digital Media Spends 2015, TV Media Spends 2015, India Digital Marketing spends, Ficci Frames 2015, Ficci frames 2016, Print Media Spends India, Gaming industry in India, Media spends 2015 India,
FICCI-KPMG Report 2014: Indian M&E industry to touch Rs 1785.8 billion by 2018
Digital advertising has shown promising growth in 2013, vis-à-vis 2012, which is about 38.7 per cent, followed by gaming which grew by 25.5 per cent. As for the 2018 prediction, digital advertising is expected to lead the CAGR with 27.7 per cent, followed by radio with 18.1 per cent.
The FICCI-KPMG 2014 Report is titled 'The Stage Is Set'.
The Indian media and entertainment (M&E) industry has grown by 11.8 per cent in 2013, vis-à-vis 2012, and touched Rs 918 billion. It is expected to touch Rs 1785.8 billion by 2018, with a CAGR of 14.2 per cent.
By the end of 2014, the industry is expected to stand at Rs 1039 billion. Additionally, digital advertising has shown promising growth in 2013, vis-à-vis 2012, which is about 38.7 per cent, followed by gaming which grew by 25.5 per cent.
As for the 2018 prediction: Digital advertising is expected to lead the CAGR with 27.7 per cent, followed by radio with 18.1 per cent. Gaming and television are expected to register a CAGR of 16.2 per cent each, followed by growth rates of animation and VFX (15.9 per cent), music (13.2 per cent), films (11.9 per cent) and OOH with 9.2 per cent expected CAGR.
Print stands last as far as the expected growth is concerned with 9 per cent CAGR.
Within TV, subscription revenues are expected to be three times more than advertising revenues, by 2018.
Russie: identifier les besoins en nouveau aux terminaux charbonniersOlga Gopkalo
Nous reprenons, ci-dessous, une analyse menée par Olga Gopkalo, analyste auprès
du cabinet de consultants Morstroytechnology Limited. L’augmentation des exportations russes de charbon est affectée par le déficit chronique en terminaux sur les différentes côtes du pays. Dans le même temps, les investissements dans les infrastructures portuaires continuent, mais à un rythme faible. Enfin, le ferroviaire aura un rôle prépondérant à jouer dans la péréquation entre terminaux et exportations de charbon.
BitTorrent is the name of a peer-to-peer (P2P) file distribution protocol, and is
the name of a free software implementation of that protocol. The protocol was originally designed and created by programmer Bram Cohen, and is now maintained by BitTorrent Inc. BitTorrent is designed to distribute large amounts of data widely without incurring the corresponding consumption in costly server and bandwidth resources. Cache Logic suggests that BitTorrent traffic accounts for 55% of all traffic on the Internet, while other sources are skeptical. The original BitTorrent client was written in Python. Its source code, as of version has been released under the BitTorrent Open Source License, which is a modified version of the Jabber Open Source License. There are numerous compatible clients, written in a variety of programming languages, and running on a variety of computing platforms.
Filesharing using bittorrent protocol.In this ppt i explained the concept of dropbox and bittorrent and using these 2 concept how we can efficiently implement the file sharing concept.
Similar to Bittorrent Seminar by dhananjay pardeshi (19)
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Types Of Data Sharing
Traditional Client-Server Downloading
Peer-Peer Downloading
What is BitTorrent?
Why BitTorrent?
Origin!
BitTorrent Terminology
How BitTorrent works?
Swarm, Tracker, Peers, Leeches, Seeds
Architecture of BitTorrent
Piece Selection
Conclusion
References
October 21, 2013
2
3. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
• Humans tend to share things.
• As electronic data plays a vital role these days, they acquire the
“sharing” attribute.
• Sharing electronic data(emails, eBooks, multimedia files) is the
need of the hour.
• Usually the data is of large size and takes too much time and
bandwidth to be downloaded.
• Data sharing must be fast enough as we are now moving to 3G
and 4G technologies, users expect data sharing at high speeds.
October 21, 2013
3
4. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
Manual Sharing Using Removable Media: Such as Memory Cards,
USB drives, External Hard disks etc.
Centralized Servers of Computer Networks: Network of computers
interconnected for sharing resources and information via a central
server (One server – many clients).
Distributed Peer-to-Peer networking: Is a Computer network where
each system in the network acts as client or server allowing shared
access of resources without the need of central server.
October 21, 2013
4
5. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
• The client – server model is a centralized
model.
• A server is a computer that selectively shares
its data on Web.
• A client is a computer that contacts the server
in order to request for the data.
Client
• The Web browser software on your computer
(the client) tells the server to transfer a copy
of the file to your computer.
• Single server provides service to several
clients simultaneously.
October 21, 2013
Server
Handling
multiple requests.
5
6. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
• Protocols used:- 1)FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
2)HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol).
• The transfer speed is affected by a number of variables, including the
type of protocol, the amount of traffic on the server and the number of
other computers that are downloading the file.
• If the file is both large and popular, the demands on the server are
great, and the download will be slow.
• Client-server model fails if
1.Single server fails.
2.Cant afford to deploy enough servers.
October 21, 2013
6
7. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
• A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is a decentralized network.
• In peer-to-peer sharing, all individual nodes(‘Peers’) act as both supplier
and consumer of data or resources.
• In peer-to-peer sharing, a software program is used instead a Web
Browser to locate computers that have the file user want.
• You run peer-to-peer file-sharing software (for example, a Napster
program or Gnutella) on your computer and send out a request for the
file you want to download.
• To locate the file, the software queries other computers that are
connected to the Internet and running the file-sharing software.
October 21, 2013
7
8. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
• When the software finds a computer that
has the file you want on its hard drive ,
the download begins.
• Others using the file-sharing software can
obtain files they want from your
computer's hard drive.
• The file-transfer load is distributed
between the computers exchanging files,
but file searches and transfers from your
computer to others can cause bottlenecks.
October 21, 2013
8
9. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
• Bit-Torrent is a peer to peer (P2P) protocol used for sharing files
over the network.
• A P2P client is used on every participating nodes.
• No central resource allocation.
• A single data is accessed effectively by hundreds of peers.
• The data is chopped into pieces and further into sub pieces.
• Every peer acts as both, client and server.
• One of Bit Torrent's most powerful idea is the choking
mechanism.
October 21, 2013
9
10. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
• Unlike some other peer-to-peer downloading methods, BitTorrent
is a protocol that offloads some of the file tracking work to a
central server called a Tracker.
• Another difference is that it uses a principal called tit-for-tat.
• This means that in order to receive files, you have to give them.
This solves the problem of leeching -- one of developer Bram
Cohen's primary goal.
October 21, 2013
10
11. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
• The BitTorrent protocol was designed by Bram Cohen in April
2001, now maintained by BitTorrent, Inc.
• BitTorrent was written in Python prior to version 06 and was a
free software, now rebranded as µTorrent, no longer open source.
• In November of 2004, BitTorrent was responsible for 35% of all
Internet traffic.
• As of 2009, BitTorrent reportedly had about the same number of
active users online as viewers of YouTube and Facebook
combined.
October 21, 2013
11
12. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
• .torrent - A pointer file that directs your computer to the file you
want to download.
• Peer – Active node in the network that does not have the
complete file (upload & download).
• Leeches - People who download files but do not upload files on
their own computer with others.
• Seed - A computer with a complete copy of a BitTorrent file
(At least one seed computer is necessary for a BitTorrent
download to operate).
• Swarm - A group of computers simultaneously sending
(uploading) or receiving (downloading) the same file.
October 21, 2013
12
13. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
• Tracker - A server that keeps track of leechers and seeds in the
network. The tracker is centralized.
• Share Ratio – The ratio of amount of a file downloaded to that of
uploaded.
• Index sites -Also referred to as a torrent search engine.
Contains .torrent files for download.
October 21, 2013
13
14. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
•You open a Web page and click on a link for the file you want.
•BitTorrent client software communicates with a tracker to find
other computers running BitTorrent that have the complete file
(seed computers) and those with a portion of the file (peers that are
usually in the process of downloading the file).
•The tracker identifies the swarm, which are connected computers
that have all or a portion of the file and are in the process of sending
or receiving it.
•The tracker helps the client software to trade pieces of the file we
want with other computers in the swarm. Your computer receives
multiple pieces of the file simultaneously.
October 21, 2013
14
15. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
Swarm
Set of peers all downloading the same file.
Organized as a random mesh.
Each node knows list of pieces downloaded by neighbors.
Node requests pieces it does not own from neighbors.
Exact method explained later.
October 21, 2013
15
16. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
October 21, 2013
File Ubantu.iso .torrent
hosted at a (well-known)
webserver.
The .torrent has address of
tracker for file.
The tracker, which runs on a
webserver as well, keeps
track of all peers
downloading file.
16
17. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
www.bittorrent.com
1
Peer
Uba
ntu
October 21, 2013
ent
torr
.iso.
File Ubantu.iso .torrent
hosted at a (well-known)
webserver.
The .torrent has address of
tracker for file.
The tracker, which runs on a
webserver as well, keeps
track of all peers
downloading file.
17
18. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
www.bittorrent.com
Peer
2
Addr
ess
October 21, 2013
es of p
eers
Tracker
File Ubantu.iso .torrent
hosted at a (well-known)
webserver.
The .torrent has address of
tracker for file.
The tracker, which runs on a
webserver as well, keeps
track of all peers
downloading file.
18
20. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
• Manages users participating in a torrent (known as peers).
• Stores statistics about the torrent.
• Allows peers to find each others and start communication.
• Keeps track of pieces of file and what peer have which piece.
• Peers communicate with tracker using HTTP protocol.
October 21, 2013
20
22. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
Peers:-
A peer is another computer on the internet that you connect to
and transfer data. Generally a peer does not have the complete
file.
Leeches:-
They are similar to peers in that they won’t have the complete
file. But the main difference between the two is a leech will not
upload once the file is downloaded.
Seeds:-
A computer that has a complete copy of a certain torrent. It only
uploads the file.
October 21, 2013
22
23. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
Tracker
Web Server
Web page
with link
to .torrent
ce
un
o
nn
list
t-a
er
Ge
pe
nse
o
esp
pieces
R
A
Peer
[Leech]
Downloade
r
October 21, 2013
“US”
pie
ces
pie
ces
C
Peer
B
[Seed]
Peer
[Leech]
23
26. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
Tracker
Web Server
Web page
with link
to .torrent
s
on
sp
Re
list
er
pe
e-
C
A
Peer
Peer
[Leech]
Downloade
r
October 21, 2013
“US”
B
[Seed]
Peer
[Leech]
26
27. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
Tracker
Web Server
Web page
with link
to .torrent
Shake-hand
C
A
Peer
[Leech]
Downloade
r
October 21, 2013
“US”
Sh
ak
e-h
a
Peer
nd
B
[Seed]
Peer
[Leech]
27
29. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
Tracker
Web Server
Web page
with link
to .torrent
pieces
A
Peer
[Leech]
Downloade
r
October 21, 2013
“US”
pie
ces
pie
ces
C
Peer
B
[Seed]
Peer
[Leech]
29
31. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
Initially, a peer has nothing to trade.
Important to get a complete piece ASAP.
So as to assemble first complete piece quickly.
Then participate in uploads.
Select a random piece of the file and download it.
October 21, 2013
31
32. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
Look at all pieces at all peers, and request piece that’s owned
by fewest peers.
Increases diversity in the pieces downloaded.
avoids case where a node and each of its peers have
exactly the same pieces; increases throughput.
Increases likelihood all pieces still available even if original
seed leaves before any one node has downloaded entire file.
October 21, 2013
32
33. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
Near the end, missing pieces are requested from every peer
containing them.
This ensures that a download is not prevented from
completion due to a single peer with a slow transfer rate.
Some bandwidth is wasted, but in practice, this is not too
much.
October 21, 2013
33
35. Pardeshi Dhananjay.
News of increased adoption of this revolutionary protocol
continues to emerge, and this seems to be a rich area for
continued research in computer networking, with
significant potential benefits to society.
If BitTorrent and similar protocols do find a legal place in
the internet, it will certainly help to pave the way for
distributing rich media on the internet, and provide the
impetus for new innovations.
October 21, 2013
35
